Increase Muscle Strength Research Articles

Efficacy of Low Blood Flow Restricted Exercise on Increasing Muscle Strength in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Comparing with Conventional Strength Training

Background: The prevalence of OA knee is diagnosed with radiographic features 15% of patients were symptomaticin one study. OA affects nearly 6% of adults. Female sex is more common. 13% of females and 10% of male in 60years are affected with OA and in 70 years of population rises to 40%.Purpose: To find the efficacy of low blood flow restricted resistance exercise on increasing muscle strength inpatients with knee OA compared with conventional strength training using NPRS for pain and knee ROM.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects were assigned in this study. The NPRS and knee ROM were usedto calculate pre-and post-test results. Each session included three sets of five repetitions with a ten-second hold inbetween. The tables were tabulated and statistically evaluated.The entire process was conducted from November2022 to April 2023.Result: According to the statistical analysis, both groups had a statistically significant improvement between theirpre and post-exercise values (p<0.0001). There is also a significant variation in post-exercise results between thetwo groups (p<0.0001), indicating that blood flow restriction with exercises is more effective than conventionalstrength training with exercises.Conclusion: Blood flow restriction has been shown to be more effective than conventional strength training atrelieving pain and increasing knee ROM.

Correlation between Improved Balance and Decreased Limb Spasticity and Improved Muscle Strength in Post-Stroke Hemiparesis

Approximately 80% of stroke patients experience disability in the form of hemiparesis (weakness of half of the body). Physiotherapy problems that commonly occur in post-stroke hemiparesis include decreased muscle strength, spasticity, and balance disorders. This research is a correlation analysis study with one independent variable and 2 dependent variables, aiming to determine the correlation between balance improvement with decreased leg muscle spasticity and improved leg muscle strength in post-stroke hemiparesis patients, carried out at the Inggit Medical Center Clinic Makassar with a total sample of 12 people who met the inclusion criteria and were given intervention in the form of the bobath method for 10 treatments, the measuring instruments used were functional reach test (FRT) for balance, Asworth scale for spasticity, and chair stand for leg muscle strength. Spearman test between balance and muscle strength obtained a p value of 0.001 (p <0.05) with a positive r of 0.822 which means there is a positive and significant correlation between increasing balance and increasing muscle strength. While between balance and spasticity obtained a p value of 0.04 (p <0.05) with a negative r value of 0.584, which means there is a negative and significant correlation between increasing balance and decreasing spasticity. Improved balance has a significant relationship with increased muscle strength, and improved balance has a significant relationship with decreased spasticity in post-stroke hemiparesis patients.

Functional Electrostimulation System for a Prototype of a Human Hand Prosthesis Using Electromyography Signal Classification by Machine Learning Techniques

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been proven to be a reliable rehabilitation technique that increases muscle strength, reduces spasms, and enhances neuroplasticity in the long term. However, the available electrical stimulation systems on the market produce stimulation signals with no personalized voltage–current amplitudes, which could lead to muscle fatigue or incomplete enforced therapeutic motion. This work proposes an FES system aided by machine learning strategies that could adjust the stimulating signal based on electromyography (EMG) information. The regulation of the stimulated signal according to the patient’s therapeutic requirements is proposed. The EMG signals were classified using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and a least-squares boosting ensemble model with an accuracy of 91.87% and 84.7%, respectively, when a set of 1200 signals from six different patients were used. The classification outcomes were used as input to a second regression machine learning algorithm that produced the adjusted electrostimulation signal required by the user according to their own electrophysiological conditions. The output of the second network served as input to a digitally processed electrostimulator that generated the necessary signal to be injected into the extremity to be treated. The results were evaluated in both simulated and robotized human hand scenarios. These evaluations demonstrated a two percent error when replicating the required movement enforced by the collected EMG information.

Identification of Muscle Strength-Related Gut Microbes through Human Fecal Microbiome Transplantation.

The gut microbiome is well known for its influence on human physiology and aging. Therefore, we speculate that the gut microbiome may affect muscle strength in the same way as the host's own genes. To demonstrate candidates for gut microbes affecting muscle strength, we remodeled the original gut microbiome of mice into human intestinal microbiome through fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT), using human feces and compared the changes in muscle strength in the same mice before and three months after FMT. After comparing before and after FMT, the mice were divided into three groups based on the observed changes in muscle strength: positive, none, and negative changes in muscle strength. As a result of analyzing the α-diversity, β-diversity, and co-occurrence network of the intestinal microbial community before and after FMT, it was observed that a more diverse intestinal microbial community was established after FMT in all groups. In particular, the group with increased muscle strength had more gut microbiome species and communities than the other groups. Fold-change comparison showed that Eisenbergiella massiliensis and Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum from the gut microbiome had positive contributions to muscle strength, while Ileibacterium valens and Ethanoligenens harbinense had negative effects. This study identifies candidates for the gut microbiome that contribute positively and those that contribute negatively to muscle strength.

Modification of velopharyngeal closure pressures during phonation by neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy individuals.

Rhinophonia aperta may result from velopharyngeal insufficiency. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been discussed in the context of muscle strengthening. The aim of this study was to evaluate in healthy subjects whether NMES can change the velopharyngeal closure pattern during phonation and increase muscle strength. Eleven healthy adult volunteers (21-57 years) were included. Pressure profiles were measured by high resolution manometry (HRM): isolated sustained articulation of /a/ over 5 s (protocol 1), isolated NMES applied to soft palate above motor threshold (protocol 2) and combined articulation with NMES (protocol 3). Mean activation pressures (MeanAct), maximum pressures (Max), Area under curve (AUC) and type of velum reactions were compared. A statistical comparison of mean values of protocol 1 versus protocol 3 was carried out using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Ordinally scaled parameters were analyzed by cross table. MeanAct values measured: 17.15±20.69 mmHg (protocol 1), 34.59±25.75 mmHg (protocol 3) on average, Max: 37.86±49.17 mmHg (protocol 1), 87.24±59.53 mmHg (protocol 3) and AUC: 17.06±20.70 mmHg.s (protocol 1), 33.76±23.81 mmHg.s (protocol 3). Protocol 2 produced velum reactions on 32 occasions. These presented with MeanAct values of 13.58±12.40 mmHg, Max values of 56.14±53.14 mmHg and AUC values of 13.84±12.78 mmHg.s on average. Statistical analysis comparing protocol 1 and 3 showed more positive ranks for MeanAct, Max and AUC. This difference reached statistical significance (p=0.026) for maximum pressure values. NMES in combination with articulation results in a change of the velopharyngeal closure pattern with a pressure increase of around 200% in healthy individuals. This might be of therapeutic benefit for patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Effects of weight-bearing dance aerobics on lower limb muscle morphology, strength and functional fitness in older women.

To investigate the effects of 12-week weight-bearing dance aerobics (WBDA) on muscle morphology, strength and functional fitness in older women. This controlled study recruited 37 female participants (66.31y ± 3.83) and divided them into intervention and control groups according to willingness. The intervention group received 90-min WBDA thrice a week for 12 weeks, while the control group maintained normal activities. The groups were then compared by measuring muscle thickness, fiber length and pennation angle by ultrasound, muscle strength using an isokinetic multi-joint module and functional fitness, such as 2-min step test, 30-s chair stand, chair sit-and-reach, TUG and single-legged closed-eyed standing test. The morphology, strength, and functional fitness were compared using ANCOVA or Mann-Whitney U test to study the effects of 12 weeks WBDA. Among all recruited participants, 33 completed all tests. After 12 weeks, the thickness of the vastus intermedius (F = 17.85, P < 0.01) and quadriceps (F = 15.62, P < 0.01) was significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group, along with a significant increase in the torque/weight of the knee flexor muscles (F = 4.47, P = 0.04). Similarly, the intervention group revealed a significant improvement in the single-legged closed-eyed standing test (z = -2.16, P = 0.03) compared to the control group. The study concluded that compared to the non-exercising control group, 12-week WBDA was shown to thicken vastus intermedius, increase muscle strength, and improve physical function in older women. In addition, this study provides a reference exercise program for older women.

Effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on knee joint extensor strength in older persons receiving day services.

To verify the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on knee joint extensor strength and motor ability in older adults receiving day services. Thirty Hz rPMS using Talent Pro® was applied to the bilateral vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris of 12 older persons (mean age 83.8 ± 4.5 years) attending a day service center and receiving functional training by a physical therapist. The intervention was performed for 20 minutes per day, three times per week, for a total of 4 weeks. Evaluations before and after the intervention included maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), knee extensor torque induced by rPMS (rPMS-induced torque), pain (visual analog scale: VAS), thigh circumference, comfortable 5-m walking time, 30-second chair-stand test (CS-30), Timed-Up-and-Go Test (TUG), and Functional Reach Test (FRT). MVC and rPMS-induced torque were measured using the μ-Tas F-1®. MVC significantly increased in both lower limbs after the intervention (right/left: 72.4 ± 23.5 Nm/72.9 ± 23.0 Nm) compared with immediately before the intervention (right/left: 59.9 ± 17.2 Nm/64.5 ± 21.0 Nm). No significant changes were observed in MVC between one month before the intervention and immediately before the start of the intervention, and between the end of the intervention and one month after the end of the intervention. rPMS-induced torque, TUG, and CS-30 improved significantly after the intervention compared with immediately before the intervention. Intervention using rPMS increases MVC- and rPMS-induced torque and improves motor ability in older adults. Because rPMS is a simple means of increasing muscle strength, it is expected to be widely used in the future.

Correlation of muscle strength, working memory, and activities of daily living in older adults.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between muscle strength, working memory, and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Additionally, it seeks to clarify the pathways and effects of working memory in mediating the relationship between muscle strength and ADL. Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 245 older adults individuals from nursing homes. We collected data on grip strength, the 30-s sit-to-stand test, the N-back task, and ADL. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, χ2 tests, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. Grip strength significantly influenced ADL (effect size = -0.175, 95% CI: -0.226 to -0.124). Grip strength also had a significant direct effect on ADL (effect size = -0.114, 95% CI: -0.161 to -0.067). The 1-back task correct rate significantly mediated the relationship between grip strength and ADL (effect size = 0.054, 95% CI: -0.084 to -0.029). The 30-s sit-to-stand test significantly impacted ADL (effect size = -0.280, 95% CI: -0.358 to -0.203). It also had a significant direct effect on ADL (effect size = -0.095, 95% CI: -0.183 to -0.007). The 1-back task correct rate significantly mediated the relationship between the 30-s sit-to-stand test and ADL (effect size = -0.166, 95% CI: -0.236 to -0.106). There exists a strong correlation between muscle strength, working memory, and ADL. Increased muscle strength leads to better ADL performance and improved working memory tasks. Low cognitive load working memory tasks can mediate the relationship between muscle strength and ADL. Regular physical exercise can enhance muscle strength, slow down the decline of working memory, thereby maintaining or improving ADL in older adults.

Physical rehabilitation in sarcopenia: modern approaches. (A literature review)

To determine the role of physical rehabilitation in sarcopenia. A systematic review including studies found in PubMed, MedLine, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collections databases for 2019-2022 was conducted. The used enrollment criteria were the following: systematic reviews, including cross-over or cohort studies targeting at persons aged from 40 to 90 years of both sexes, with available data on sarcopenia, its severe form or other combinations of physical performance markers called sarcopenia. The mandatory parameter for inclusion in the study was the presence of the effectiveness assessment of physical rehabilitation without limiting its parameters. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. The best kind of training are 30-60-minute comprehensive methods with predominance of resistance exercises with minimum duration of the course of 3 months and frequency of 3 inconsistent in-person trainings per week under the supervision of a specialist for patients with sarcopenia in order to increase muscle strength and mass, as well as performance. The intensity should consist of the following parameters: start with fewer sets but more repetitions (12-15) with less intensity (55% of maximum) and move to more sets with less repetition (4-6) and greater intensity (>80% of maximum). This article describes the parameters of exercises that are most effective in terms of muscle strength and mass increase and safe for patients. The compilation and further study of this complex in practice are needed.

Підготовка майбутніх фізичних терапевтів до складання програми фізичної терапії для дітей середнього шкільного віку з хворобою Літтла

The article revealed the issue of professional training of future physical therapists for the preparation of a physical therapy program for middle school children with Little's disease, where it was taken into account that each patient had an individual physical therapy program according to the patient's categorical profile of the ICF, selected research methods and determined physical therapy methods. The purpose of the study was to analyze the preparation for the development of a program of physical therapy for children of secondary school age with Little's disease, which future physical therapists will be able to use in their professional activities. The physical therapy program was developed for a boy, 11 years old, who has the main diagnosis: Little's disease, concomitant diseases: mild mental retardation, valgus deformity of the lower limbs, congenital. A categorical profile was determined according to the short basic set of ICF DP for a child of middle school age (11 years) with Little's disease (spastic diplegia). The physical therapy program included the following methods: therapeutic exercises, mobility training and walking with aids, massage, training on an exercise bike and a home program (fitball exercises to relax muscles, improve balance, gymnastic exercises to increase muscle strength of the upper limbs, improving posture, exercises to improve the mobility of the joints of the lower extremities, strengthening the skills of standing and walking with a walker, games and gymnastics for the fingers (development of the manipulative function of the hands), treatment of position). The study showed that in order to draw up a physical therapy program for patients with Little's disease, it is necessary to determine the research methods, obtain the initial data based on them, compile a categorical profile of the patient according to the ICF, and choose physical therapy methods and their dosage according to the obtained results.

Effects of physical training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on maximal strength and lower limb explosive strength in healthy adults.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigates whether transcranial direct current stimulation applied during physical training increases muscle strength in comparison with sham tDCS combined with physical training. Randomized controlled trials of the effects of tDCS combined physical training intervention on muscle strength and cortical excitability were collected by searching Web of Science, Pubmed, EBSCO, CNKI. The retrieval date ends in April 2024. 11 randomized controlled trials are finally included. The total sample size of the study is 338. The experimental group was subjected to tDCS combined with physical training intervention, and the control group was physical training combined with sham tDCS intervention. There is a significant increase in maximal strength (SMD = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.67; p = 0.01) and lower limb explosive strength (MD = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.74; p = 0.002) when physical training was performed with tDCS, but not following physical training combined with sham tDCS. Subgroup analysis of the subject population showed an increase in muscle strength in those with training experience following tDCS combined with physical training (SMD = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.70; p = 0.01), but not for those without training experience (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.63; p = 0.10). Motor evoked potential (MEP) wave amplitude increased significantly following physical training with tDCS (SMD = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.18, 1.24; p = 0.008), but was not different between groups (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI: -0.33, 0.65; p = 0.52). tDCS combined with physical training intervention can improve muscle strength, lower limb explosive strength and cerebral cortex excitability. Compared to tDCS combined with training of small muscle groups, tDCS combined with training of large muscle groups was more effective in improving muscle strength. Muscle strength was more likely to improve after tDCS combined with physical training in people with physical training experience compared with people without physical training experience. The combination of tDCS with physical training intervention and the sham-tDCS with physical training intervention both increased cortical excitability. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42024550454).

High intensity interval training on physical fitness

physical performance, and sports. This article examines the research on high intensity interval training. This article aims to determine the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on fitness and endurance. Data sources were taken from Scholar, Scimago Jr., Wiley Online Library, Springer. Search data ranges from 2015 to 2023. The method of implementing activities uses the literature review method. In this article, it is recommended that high intensity interval training should be done regularly with the right intensity and sufficient duration to achieve optimal results. The results of the review concluded that high intensity interval training can be done outside or inside the house which is suitable for athletes and non-athletes because it can increase muscle strength, reduce high blood pressure, improve cardiorespiratory fitness, burn fat, and help cure diabetes. In conclusion, high intensity interval training has an influence on changes in improving performance, health, and endurance. This strength training can further be developed or tested with various variables, subject characteristics, and a larger population. HIIT exercise can greatly increase physical performance. Optimal physical ability is intended to increase the body's metabolic system, cardiovascular fitness, and endurance, as well as influence health levels. HIIT is a quick and effective exercise that can be done both indoors and outdoors.Key words: high intensity interval training, physical fitness, endurance

The Effect of Cylindrical Grip ROM Exercise Therapy on Finger Grip Muscle Strength in The Upper Extremities of Post Stroke Patients

One of the conditions in post-stroke patients is that post-stroke sensory and motor disorders occur on one side of the body, resulting in balance disorders including muscle weakness.Based on a preliminary study conducted in June 2023, it was discovered that 5 respondents who were in the Inpatient Room at Siti Hajar Hospital Sidoarjo most often experienced paralysis in the upper extremities caused by decreased muscle tone so that patients were unable to move their bodies (immobilization). extremity motor abilities through a rehabilitation program.Cylindrical Grip which is a functional hand exercise by holding a cylindrical object such as a glass, bottle, rolled tissue in the palm of the hand (Kleim &amp; Jones, 2008 in Soloman, 2013). The benefits of this therapy are to increase the client's independence and increase muscle strength. Movement exercises can also be useful for improving muscle tone and tendon reflexes.This research used Pre-Experimental design with One Group Pretest and Posttest approach. The population was all post-stroke patients in the inpatient ward who experienced paralysis of the upper right/sinistra extremities at Siti Hajar Hospital. The results of the study proved that there was a change in the value of finger grip muscle strength before and after Cylindrical Grip ROM exercise therapy. The majority of respondents had finger grip muscle strength in the weak category, 23 respondents (76.7%) after being given therapy, different results were obtained, namely the majority of respondents had finger grip muscle strength in the weak category, 15 respondents (50.02). This number decreased after the intervention. Pre and Post data was carried out using the Paired T Test which stated that there was an effect of Cylindrical Grip Exercise Therapy on Finger Grip Muscle Strength in post-stroke patients.

Relationship of Characteristics Adults Post-Stroke On Increasing Muscle Strength Rehabilitation In Bukittinggi City 2023

Introduction: Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the world. Long-term disability and paralysis becomes a burden for living stroke survivors. Disability results from muscle and nerve weakness upper and lower extremities. This research aims to identify the relationship between individual characteristics and history of stroke with muscle strength in stroke rehabilitation patients at home, Bukittinggi 2023. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted from May to June 2023. This study uses a cross-sectional descriptive analysis approach with questionnaires and Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). The total sample in this study was 42 respondents, using univariate and bivariate data. Data processing results using SPSS version 2.0 with the Qhi-Square Test. Results: based on gender showed that men were dominant at 71.4%, marital status at 69%, and in terms of education the majority was a bachelor's degree at 38.1%. self-employed jobs get 35.7% and socio-economic average 45.2% &gt; IDR 3,000,000., on muscle strength in post-stroke rehabilitation patients increased using the MMT method by 59.9%. Conclusion: there is no relationship between the characteristics of respondents (gender, marital status, education, employment and socio-economics) on increasing muscle strength in post-stroke rehabilitation patients at home with a p value greater than 0.05.

The Impact Of Family Support On Increasing Muscle Strength Rehabilitation Post-Stroke Adults In Bukittinggi City 2023

Stroke is still the main cause of disability in the world. The impact of a stroke relies heavily on the location and extent of damage, and age. Post-stroke is the most difficult period for patients in they personal care. Family support is essential to increase confidence for rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. Rehabilitation in post-stroke patients is done so that post-stroke patients are able to perform daily activities independently. The aims of this study to determine the relationship family support with increasing muscle strength rehabilitation in post-stroke adult. The Method : This research was an analytical observational and was conducted in Bukittinggi City on July, 2023. The variables studied family support with muscle strength. This research is a quantitative research with Cross-sectional design. The population in this study were post-stroke patients 50 people and the sample amounted to 42 respondent. Results : The result of this research shows that there is a strong relationship between family support and increasing muscle strength in rehabilitation p-value 0.006&lt;0.05. The conclusion is family support has impact to inceasing muscle strength rehabilitation of post-stroke adult patients. It is recommended for health workers to provide counseling to improve family support in curing stroke patients. The study confirms the importance of family support in terms of information support and awards support to the quality of life of patients with post-stroke.

Acute Effects of Combining Whole-Body Electromyostimulation with Resistance Training in Active Women.

Strength training elicits benefits both in performance and on a psychological level in women, such as increased muscle strength and improved self-esteem. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) could be a training strategy for enhancing muscular strength. The aim of this study was to assess the acute effects of a single session of WB-EMS superimposed over classic resistance training on isometric strength, endurance strength and flexibility. Furthermore, the safety of the protocol was assessed by monitoring the levels of creatine kinase (CK) 48 h after the training protocol was completed. Sixteen active women (aged 22.06 ± 1.88) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) (n = 8) and a control group (CG) (n = 8). The EG performed four sets of 12 repetitions of three strength exercises with superimposed WB-EMS, while the CG performed the same protocol without WB-EMS. RM-ANOVA showed a significant time*group interaction on posterior kinetic chain extensors' mean and peak strength in the EG (F(1,14) = 10.036; p = 0.007; and F(1,14) = 20.719; p < 0.001; respectively). A significant time*group interaction was found in the sit and reach test for the EG (F(1,14) = 10.362; p = 0.006). Finally, ANOVA performed on the CK levels showed no significant difference between the groups (F(1,14) = 0.715; p = 0.412). WB-EMS training led to an immediate improvement in strength performance and flexibility, and this protocol was shown to be safe in terms of CK levels, 48 h after completing the training protocol.

About the benefits of physical therapy during antitumor therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: The data available today show the positive impact of increased physical activity on the patient’s condition, helping not only to improve physical health, but also psycho-emotional state, reducing stress and anxiety. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs can significantly improve the overall well-being of cancer patients and contribute to their return to an active social life. AIM: To study the effect of increased physical activity in the form of physical therapy on the overall result of antitumor treatment, the level of quality of life of patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving immunotherapy both alone and in combination with cytostatics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 56 patients who were divided into two groups: main (n=30) and control (n=26). The study included patients with ECOG status 1–3. In both groups, patients received standard antitumor therapy ― immunotherapy with pembrolizumab 400 mg every 42 days or 200 mg every 21 days as monotherapy, or in combination with cytotoxic therapy (carboplatin plus paclitaxel or pemetrexed). In addition to drug treatment, patients from the main group also regularly engaged in therapeutic exercises with an instructor. RESULTS: From the presented data and visualization it is clear that after treatment with the addition of physical education, the average level of quality of life in patients increased, the results highlight the significant positive impact of the rehabilitation program on the quality of life of cancer patients, reducing stress levels and improving functional indicators. CONCLUSION: The study shows that regular practice of therapeutic exercises can improve stress levels and improve emotional well-being, help reduce fatigue and reduce general weakness. A reduction in symptoms of depression and anxiety has been clearly demonstrated. Exercise therapy leads to increased muscle strength, which is especially important for recovery from intensive cancer treatments.

Injury Prevention Strategies: Improving Strength and Flexibility for the Ankle : A Literature Review

The importance of injury prevention in the world of sport, especially football, is increasingly recognized by health practitioners and coaches. This article aims to present an in-depth literature review on strategies for preventing ankle injuries in soccer athletes, with the main focus on increasing muscle strength and flexibility. The literature presented includes the latest research results, clinical guidelines, and empirical findings in an effort to increase ankle durability and stability. Literature analysis reveals that training programs aimed at strengthening the supporting muscles of the ankle, along with increasing flexibility, can reduce the risk of injury in soccer athletes. Additionally, this review explores effective post-injury rehabilitation methods to speed up the recovery process and prevent recurrence. Practical implications of this research include developing exercise programs tailored to individual needs, regular monitoring by medical staff, and educating athletes about the importance of prehabilitation treatment. The results of this literature review confirm that implementing an exercise program that focuses on increasing the strength and flexibility of the ankle supporting muscles is an effective strategy in preventing injuries and post-injury rehabilitation in soccer athletes. Conclusion Overall, muscle strengthening and increasing flexibility in the ankle is emerging as a significant approach in the prevention and management of injuries in soccer athletes, highlighting the crucial role of targeted training in improving their health and performance.

Physiotherapy Management for Cases of Achilles Tendinopathy in Indonesian Para Athletics Athletes : Case Report

Achilles tendinopathy is a degenerative process due to excessive and cumulative use of microtrauma with internal and external risk factor. Approximately 52% of runners experience an Achilles tendinopathy (AT) injury during their lifetime. Achilles Tendinopathy can limit Indonesia's athletic performance due to pain on the side of the knee during running, walking and jumping. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiotherapy management for Achilles Tendinopathy cases in Indonesian para-athletics. This research is a descriptive case studyinvolving one client with participatory observation. The physiotherapy intervention involved modality intervention using Eccentric exercises, ESWT, Stretching, Muscle release, Electrical Stimulation, and Cryotheraphy. The subject of the study was An. B, a 28 year old para athlete with height 182 cm, weight 77 kg, and BMI 23.3 in the ideal category. The patient came to the physiotherapy clinic of NPC Indonesia on 20 August 2023 with complaints of pain and burning in the left leg. Physical examination showed normal results except for pain examination using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), where silent pain 0/10, tenderness 9/10, and motion pain 7/10 were found. The diagnosis of Achilles Tendinopathy sinistra was confirmed through specific examination. After four physiotherapy sessions Based on the results of studies that have been carried out, ESWT and Eccentric exercise can reduce pain, increase joint range of motion, increase muscle strength, increase ankle stability and improve functional abilities in Achilles tendinopathy patients.

Effects of therapeutic exercise on the motor function of adults with Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Therapeutic exercise exerts positive effects by mitigating or reducing the motor or cognitive changes that people with Down syndrome undergo throughout their life. There are no updated systematic reviews that integrate the evidence available in a way that facilitates decision-making for physical rehabilitation teams. This study therefore aimed to consolidate the information available and compare the effects of different types of physical exercise on the motor function of adults with DS. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies. The literature search was performed between January 2023 and February 2023 using the PubMed, SCIELO, Epistemonikos, and Lilacs databases. Studies were selected according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the risk-of-bias rating tool for randomized clinical trial (RoB) and the risk of bias of non-randomized comparative studies was assessed using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Risk-of-bias assessment and meta-analyses were performed using the RevMan software package. Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria for the qualitative synthesis and 4 were included in the meta-analyses. Combined exercise significantly increased muscle strength both in the upper limbs (SMD = 0.74 [95% CI 0.25–1.22]) and lower limbs (SMD = 0.56[95% CI 0.08–1.04]). Aerobic exercise improved spatiotemporal gait parameters. Aerobic exercise showed significant improvements in dynamic balance while combined exercise significantly increased dynamic and static balance. The certainty of the evidence was low to moderate for all outcomes. There was low and moderate certainty of evidence for the outcomes proposed in this review. However, therapeutic exercise could be effective in improving muscle strength and gait functionality.