Increase In Load Capacity Research Articles

Study on partial ER fluid hybrid two-lobe hole-entry journal bearing with genetic algorithm for bionic surface

This work focuses on ER (Electrorheological) fluid-based hybrid hole-entry journal bearings, which studies the effect of ER fluid with partial electric field on the tribological nature of two-lobe bearings with bionic textured surfaces. The design of bionic textures, by virtue of their capacity to influence fluid flow, load capacity, and friction reduction for the enhancement of bearing performance, has been analytically investigated. The integration of ER fluid subjected to partial electric field along with bionic textured surfaces displays an optimistic improvement in performance metrics of bearings, which clearly manifests through preliminary results. Notably, the optimization of bionic textures through genetic algorithms resulted in a 13.04% reduction in friction coefficient and a significant increase in load capacity. The combination of partial ER fluid lubrication and bionic textures also improved fluid film stiffness by up to 66.11%, further enhancing stability and overall bearing efficiency. The obtained results are expected to further enhance design and development activities of high-performance hybrid journal bearings for numerous industrial applications.

DEVELOPMENT OF ADJUSTABLE TAPERED AEROSTATIC BEARINGS FOR NON-CONTACT DIRECT MACHINE DRIVES

The article is devoted to making adjustable conical air bearings. Its application in different machines allows increase load capacity and reliability, speed extension, reduce mass, overall dimensions and air consumption, secure stable rotary motion in speed wide range due to adjustment of static and dynamic characteristics of direct drives. Mathematical models of single-support and multi-support systems have been designed for study of its characteristics and efficiency of suggested improvements. Function relations between structural, functional, geometric parameters of conical aerostatic systems have been theoretically determined for adjustable air gap that allows change load capacity and dynamic characteristics of non-contact direct drives. Method of parametric conversion of conical bearings to radial and thrust bearings has been suggested. It gives analytical solution of non-contact drive static characteristics. Analytical stability criterion of rotor of single-support system has been determined. Working capacity conditions have been analytically obtained from mass and inertial properties, parameters and characteristics of air-bearing direct drive. Adjustable conical air-bearing pneumatic spindle has been manufactured. Experimental set-up and experimental technique have been designed for validation theoretical results. Design procedure of air-bearing non-contact drives has been engineered. Algorithm of numerical experiment of static characteristics and dynamic properties has been engineered for design decision verification.

Fabrication of SS 316L particle-infilled PLA composite filaments from cast-off bi-material extrudates for 3D printing applications.

The identification of recyclable resources are extremely important to balance the growing demand for polymer composite 3D printing and sustainable manufacturing. In the present study, SS 316L powder particle infused PLA filaments are fabricated by deriving PLA from discarded bi-material extrudates, adopting solvent mixing methodology. The matrix reclaimability, composite feedstock fabrication, extrudability and printability are investigated by increasing the solid loading from 10 - 40wt%. Outcomes of the FTIR for 'PLA gel' and 'extrudate dissolved gel' are identical and confirms the matrix reclaimability. Essential characterization studies like XRD, TGA, and DSC are carried out for composite feedstock. The reinforcement dispersion in composites is quantified with the help of microscopy results. The melt rheological studies reveal that all the extruded filaments exhibit shear thinning over a shear rate of 50s-1 and are compatible with 3D printing. The tensile strength is improved by 22.4% after adding 10wt% reinforcement to the recycled PLA. The economical benefits are evaluated by comparing the composite filament fabrication with the pure PLA matrix. The study concludes recommending viscous modifiers to improve filament processability and increase loading capacity beyond 40wt% for indirect metal additive manufacturing.

Structural Behavior of Self-Compacting Bendable Mortar Beams reinforced by GFRP Bars under Monotonic Loads

Flexible or bendable concrete is an Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) that exhibits ductile material properties, in contrast to the brittle nature of conventional concrete. The material composition of conventional concrete is modified in order to impart a flexible nature to the material. This research presents the findings of an experimental study examining the flexural response of self-compacting bendable concrete beams reinforced by Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) bars under a symmetrical two-point load. The experimental work comprised the casting of eight reinforced beams. The dimensions of all beams were identical: an overall height of 150 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a total length of 1,000 mm. The beams were classified into three groups based on the type of variables adopted and the type of the strengthening method employed, the percentage of steel fibers (1%, 1.5%, and 2%), and the percentage of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) (0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%) were also considered. The following measurements were taken: the first cracking load, midspan vertical deflections, concrete surface strains, and the ultimate load capacity. Additionally, the crack patterns were recorded and the failure mode was observed, in addition to the mechanical properties of self-mortar bendable concrete (both fresh and hardened). The results indicated that an increase in the PVA ratio from 0.2% to 0.3% and 0.4% resulted in a notable rise in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, by approximately 16% and 40%, respectively, and 0.09% and 2%, respectively. The ductility of the beams increased with the steel fiber ratio due to enhanced flexural and splitting properties, which is a positive outcome. This allows for more caution to be exercised before the beam reaches its limit of stability. Furthermore, the value of deflection at maximum load increases with the increase of steel fiber content due to the increase in load capacity.

Bio-inspired piezoelectric stick-slip actuation: Synergistic bridge-type and leveraged amplification mechanism via rowing-motion mimicry.

This paper presents the development of a new bionic piezoelectric stick-slip actuator (PSSA). This actuator is designed to simulate the human rowing motion. By synergizing a lever amplification structure with a bridge amplification mechanism, the design not only mimics the rowing motion, where the lever amplification structure acts like an oar and the bridge amplification mechanism resembles the force exerted by a person operating the oar, but also suppresses the problem of backward displacement in traditional PSSAs. Finite element analysis and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the design, with a peak velocity of 17.48 mm/s and a maximum load capacity of 55g. Comparative experiments have shown that the rowing-motion piezoelectric actuation mode outperforms the traditional PSSA mode, with a 16.8% increase in peak velocity and a 120% increase in load capacity. The innovative design has significant implications for the development of high-performance actuators.

Compressive performance of three-dimensional multilevel sandwich composite structures

This study reports a two-dimensional bi-directional E-glass woven fabric preform structure is converted into a three-dimensional sandwich composite structure with the help of wooden molds and matrix material. One to three levels of sandwich composite are prepared with a rectangular core configuration by keeping the specimen’s constant dimensions. A second multilevel sandwich composite sample set is developed with hexagonal, square, and triangular core configurations, maintaining length, width, height, and weight constant. The developed composite samples are characterized by their compressive properties. For single, double, and triple-level sandwich composites with rectangular cores, it is found that increasing the number of levels led to an increase in compressive load capacity, with triple-level structures exhibiting the highest strength. However, an increase in the number of levels resulted in a decrease in specific compressive load. Additionally, the energy absorption capacity increases as the number of levels increases. In the case of multilevel sandwich composites with triangular, square, and hexagonal core, the triangular core demonstrated the highest compressive strength and energy absorption capacity compared to square and hexagonal configurations. The failure modes of the sandwich composite structure have also been discussed. The results indicate that the sandwich composite’s compressive, energy absorption properties, and failure modes depend on many parameters, such as the number of levels, core structure, free wall length, face sheet length, and loading direction. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into potential applications and performance of these advanced sandwich structures, enabling improved design and optimization for specific engineering applications across diverse industries.

Strengthening of RC beams defected in shear using external bonded ribs made of aluminum tube sandwich filled with strain hardening cementitious composites

Installing Aluminum Tubes (ATs) filled with Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite (SHCC) on the sides of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams for shear strengthening has not been studied before. These tests combine the advantages of aluminum material as a new construction material with the superiority of SHCC for shear treatment of RC beams. Additionally, this study is interesting because it provides a thorough assessment of the special composite system's ability to strengthen RC beams—a capability that hasn't been thoroughly investigated in the literature. With a particular emphasis on comprehending how various aluminum tube rib configurations—such as their orientation, length, and number—can affect the efficacy of the strengthening strategy, this investigation aims to evaluate the improvements in shear capacity, failure modes, and deformation behaviors. Conducted under a one-point loading scheme, the research analyzed eight strengthened RC beams alongside a reference beam to determine the impact of AT rib number and configuration on beam behavior under shear stress. Key findings indicate that diagonal AT ribs, optimally aligned with shear forces, significantly enhance shear strength by 19 %-48 %. This configuration effectively controls and limits the spread of shear cracks, with extended rib lengths halting crack propagation at varying extents—up to two-thirds of the shear span. Notably, vertical ribs demonstrated progressive increases in shear strength as the number of ribs increased, with enhancements of 18 %, 35 %, and 52 % for one, two, and three ribs, respectively. Furthermore, SHCC as a filler material played a pivotal role in these enhancements, leading to a 27 % increase in peak load capacity and a 54 % rise in deflection, compared to those without. One, two, and three vertical ribs showed increases in the ductility by 46 %, 143 %, and 222 %, respectively, while diagonal ribs exhibited the most substantial improvements, with one and two ribs increasing ductility by 158 % and 215 %, respectively.

Applying Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Optimalizing The Electricity Distribution Network

Abstract: This research aims to apply artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to optimize the electricity distribution network, focusing on improving efficiency, responsiveness, and integration of renewable energy. Deep learning and reinforcement learning algorithms are used to learn energy load patterns and adjust distribution in real-time. Through simulation of the electricity distribution network, this research found a 15% increase in energy efficiency, a reduction in response time by 85%, a 10% increase in maximum load capacity, and a 25% increase in the use of renewable energy. Additionally, operational costs of the network decreased by 12% due to automation generated by AI. The innovation of this research lies in the efficient integration of renewable energy sources and load management through more accurate prediction. The research results show that applying AI in the electricity distribution network can provide an effective and sustainable solution to reduce power loss and operational costs, as well as support the use of renewable energy. Therefore, this research contributes to the development of a smarter and more environmentally friendly electricity distribution system.

Effect of surface square textures on the physical field of static and dynamic pressure thrust bearings and multi-objective optimization

PurposeThe lubrication performance of static and dynamic pressure thrust bearings is improved by introducing texture on the sealing edge.Design/methodology/approachThrough model building, meshing and boundary condition setting, the influence of square texture on oil film lubrication performance was simulated and analyzed, and an improved algorithm was applied to perform optimization of lubrication performance.FindingsThe findings of this study reveal that the optimum lubrication performance is attained when adjusting the parameters of the square texture to 0.12 mm, 0.1 mm, 1 mm and 34 mm. In such circumstances, the thrust bearing with square textures demonstrates an increase in loading capacity of around 19% and a temperature reduction of about 2ºC compared to a smooth thrust bearing.Originality/valueThe original Reynolds equation is revised, and the influence of square texture on the physical field of oil film is analyzed, considering the turbulence state and cavitation phenomenon. The multi-objective function under square texture parameters was established using BP neural network, and the improved multi-objective salp swarm algorithm was used to optimize the process parameters.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Cold Joint Effects on Intermediate Concrete Moment Frame Under Cyclic Loading

This study investigates the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete flexural frames with a focus on the impact of cold joints (CJs). Three one-bay concrete frames, scaled to 2:3 according to ACI 318-19(22), were tested under axial and cyclic loading. The frames included a control frame without CJs, a frame with CJs, and a frame with CJs reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. Initially, the difference between the frame without CJs and the frame with CJs was examined, revealing a 10% reduction in cumulative energy dissipation, a 24% reduction in ductility, and an 18% reduction in lateral load capacity for the frame with CJs. Additionally, the stiffness in frames with CJs has decreased. Subsequently, the frame with CJs was reinforced with FRP sheets, leading to a 33% increase in cumulative energy dissipation and a 54% increase in lateral load capacity. However, the FRP sheets, while increasing load capacity, introduced brittleness, which reduced ductility. Crack patterns varied, with the frame without CJs showing vertical cracks near connections at 3% drifts, and the frame with CJs exhibiting tension and compression vertical cracks at 1% drifts. After validating the numerical models, two structural designs have been proposed to mitigate the negative effects of CJs in reinforced concrete structures. These designs are intended to improve seismic performance and enhance the structure's resistance to cyclic loads.

Thin-layer Ultra-High-Strength Engineered Cementitious Composites (UHS-ECC) reinforced with small-diameter FRP bars for structural strengthening

This study proposed a novel strengthening system for reinforced concrete (RC) structures using a thin layer of Ultra-High-Strength Engineered Cementitious Composites (UHS-ECC) reinforced with small-diameter Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars. Experimental investigation, digital image correlation analysis, and numerical simulation were conducted to evaluate the flexural performance and failure mechanism of RC beams strengthened with 20-mm UHS-ECC layers and 3-mm FRP bars. It was found that the 20-mm UHS-ECC layer alone improved the load capacity of RC beams by 8.3 %, though with reduced deflection, whereas incorporating two 3-mm FRP bars increased load capacity by up to 40.4 %, without sacrificing deflection. Failure in all specimens was caused by concrete crushing; however, FRP-reinforced UHS-ECC layers mitigated early crack localization, significantly enhancing both strength and ductility. This study also revealed that cast-in-place FRP-reinforced UHS-ECC layers exhibited higher load capacity and could avoid ECC/concrete interfacial cracks compared to epoxy-bonded prefabricated layers. A three-dimensional finite element model was proposed for the strengthening system, and the flexural behavior was successfully predicted. It is revealed that the FRP-to-UHS-ECC bond had a marginal influence on performance, while the bond at the UHS-ECC-to-concrete interface significantly impacted flexural behavior. Remarkably, the small-diameter FRP bar achieved 75 % of its tensile strength at the ultimate stage. These findings underscore the potential of FRP-reinforced UHS-ECC layers as an effective solution for enhancing the mechanical and durability performance of RC structures.

Olfactory Visualization Sensing Array Made with CelluMOFs to Predict Fruit Ripeness Using Deep Learning.

Developing a colorimetry-based artificial scent screening system (i.e., an olfactory visual sensing system) with high sensitivity and accurate pattern recognition for detecting fruit ripeness remains challenging. In this work, we construct a flexible dye/CelluMOFs-based sensor array with improved sensitivity for on-site detection of characteristic gases of fruits and integrate a densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) into the sensor array, enabling it to recognize unique scent fingerprints and categorize the ripeness of fruits. In the system, CelluMOFs are synthesized through in situ growth of γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (γ-CD-MOFs) on flexible fiber filter paper to fabricate a uniform, flexible and porous dye/CelluMOFs sensitive membrane. Compared to the pristine filter paper, the CelluMOFs exhibit increased porosity with a 62 times higher specific surface area and a 3-fold increase in dye loading capacity after 12 h of adsorption. The prepared dye/CelluMOFs sensing film shows outstanding mechanical and detection stability with negligible deviation after 100 cycles of rubbing. The colorimetric visualization arrays with multiple colorimetric dye/CelluMOFs chips, enable the sensitive recognition and detection of nine kinds of characteristic fruit odors and achieve a high response at 8-1500 ppm of trans-2-hexenal, showcasing remarkably low gas detection thresholds. On the basis of the ppm-level limit of detection with high sensitivity, the fabricated colorimetric sensor arrays are typically used for in situ assessment of fruit ripeness by integrating DenseNet. This approach achieves a satisfactory classification accuracy of 99.09% on the validation set, enabling high-precision prediction of fruit ripeness levels.

Unlocking the COP28 climate agenda in G10 economies: Do environmental taxes and environmentally-related technologies matter in the natural resource-load capacity factor connection?

This study examines the role of environmental taxes and environmentally-related technologies in the link between natural resources and load capacity factor in G10 nations over the period 1994 to 2019. Using robust econometric techniques, the study reveals that natural resources damage environmental quality by mitigating the nations’ load capacity factor while environmental taxes and environmentally-related technologies promote sustainable environment by increasing load capacity factor. The relevance of environmental taxes and environmentally-related technologies in moderating the effect of natural resources on environmental quality is dampened by extant average levels of natural resources rents which are negative. Policy implications are discussed.

Mechanical Properties of Full-Scale Wooden Beams Strengthened with Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Sheets

The strengthening, rehabilitation and repair of wooden beams and beams made of wood-based materials are still important scientific and technical issues. This is reflected, among other things, in the number of scientific articles appearing and the involvement of research centres around the world. This is also related to society’s growing belief in the importance of ecological and sustainable development. This article presents an overview of the latest work in this field and the results of our own research on strengthening solid wooden beams with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The tests were carried out on full-size solid beams with nominal dimensions of 70 × 170 × 3300 mm. A 0.333 mm thick CFRP sheet was used for reinforcement. The research analysed various reinforcement configurations and different reinforcement ratios. For the most effective solution, a 46% increase in load capacity, 35% stiffness and 249% ductility were achieved with a reinforcement ratio of 1.7%. Generally, the higher the reinforcement ratio and coverage of the surface of the wood, the higher the strengthening effectiveness. The brittle fracture of wood in the tensile zone for unreinforced beams and the ductile crushing of wood in the compressive zone for reinforced beams were obtained. The most important achievement of this work is the description of the static work of beams in previously unanalysed configurations of strengthening and the confirmation of their effectiveness. The described solutions should extend the life of existing wooden buildings and structures and increase the competitiveness of wooden-based structures. The results indicate that, from the point of view of optimizing the cost of reinforcement, it is crucial to develop cheaper ways of combining wood and composite than to verify different types of fibres.

Study on increasing load capacity of wooden arch bridge by CFRP strengthening: experimental and numerical Verification

The wooden arch corridor bridge is a typical representative of Chinese wooden bridges, holding significant historical research value. Currently, these bridges face issues of severe component deformation and insufficient load-bearing capacity. To address these problems, this study employs CFRP reinforcement on the components of wooden arch corridor bridges to reduce deformation and enhance load-bearing capacity. Experimental research on CFRP reinforcement has yielded the elastic modulus of the bonding interface. Given the lack of an accurate numerical model for wooden arch corridor bridges, this study establishes a precise numerical model by setting parameters based on load test data from wooden arch corridor bridges. The elastic modulus obtained from the experiments is input into the numerical model for analysis. The results indicate that CFRP exhibits excellent reinforcement performance, with the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced damaged components still reaching 75%–85% of their original capacity, while the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced undamaged components increases to 130%–140% of their original capacity. The failure modes of the CFRP-reinforced wooden components suggest that allowing for some gaps in the bonding of CFRP can enhance overall ductility. The application of CFRP to wooden arch corridor bridges also demonstrates favorable reinforcement effects, increasing the load-bearing capacity of the arch surface by approximately 20%, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the reinforcement of wooden arch bridge frameworks.

Experiment and numerical simulation on bearing capacity of partial steel-ultra-high-performance concrete continuous composite beams

Due to high strength, toughness and durability, ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) can be applied in replacing the cracked concrete slab in the negative moment region of newly built steel-ordinary concrete (OC) continuous composite beams, as well as in repairing old composite beams. To investigate the failure mode, crack propagation, stiffness degradation and bearing capacity of the partial steel-UHPC continuous composite beam, a test model with an UHPC slab over the negative moment region were designed and fabricated to compare with a steel-OC model with the same conditions. Similar failure mode was observed in the loading test of two models. Nevertheless, the maximum crack width in the UHPC slab is only 0.17 mm, much smaller than that in the OC slab. Compared with the steel-OC composite beam, vertical deflection of the partial steel-UHPC composite beam decreases by 32.7 %, and its cracking load and ultimate bearing capacity increase by 50 % and 6.4 %, respectively. The results show that the substitution of the OC with the UHPC in the negative bending moment area significantly improves the crack resistance, delays the crack propagation, increases the bending stiffness, and improves the working performance of composite beams with cracks, displaying good advantages in economy and in reality. Parametric analysis demonstrates that the height of steel beam is the most important factor, and cross section of the steel beam is suggested to be given priority in design so as to take advantages of partial steel-UHPC composite beams. The research also provides an option for the repair of old concrete slabs in steel-OC continuous composite beams.

Theoretical and experimental comparison between straight and curved continuous box girders

Abstract The curvature causes a variation in the deflection of the outer and inner sides. The effect of curvature was investigated by casting and testing two specimens with the same section – one straight and the other horizontally curved continuous box girder. ABAQUS software was used to numerically model the box girder in order to verify the model and investigate additional parameters. Numerical modeling is successful with less effort, cost, and time because good results are obtained. The effect of the span-to-depth ratio, the compressive strength of concrete, and the percentage of stirrup steel reinforcement was studied numerically. Increasing the height, compressive strength, and percentage of stirrup steel led to a significant increase in load capacity and stiffness. The load capacity in the curved specimen decreased by 11% compared to the straight one due to the effect of torsional moments. A mathematical model was proposed based on the theory of strut-and-tie modeling (STM), where the span was divided into several panels, the effect of torsion was added, and then the results were compared with the traditional sectional method according to ACI and CEB-FIB. For the straight specimen, the sectional ACI, CEB-FIB, and STM methods were used, which gave theoretical results less than the experimental by 31, 48 and 13%, respectively. For the curved specimen, to get closer to reality, the sectional and STM methods were modified by adding the effect of torsion, and the results were less than the experimental tests by 43, 61 and 22%, respectively.

Sawtooth-shaped microsaws for enhanced transdermal drug delivery: Improved drug loading and piercing efficiency

This study presents a novel approach to transdermal drug delivery with the introduction of sawtooth-shaped MicroSaws (MSs), a bioinspired microneedle design that significantly enhances drug loading and piercing efficiency. Unlike traditional microneedles (MNs), MSs, with dimensions of 0.2 mm width, 0.4 mm length, and 0.65 mm height, are engineered using epoxy acrylate (EA) via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and coated with polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) to ensure biocompatibility. Experimental results demonstrate that MSs outperform conventional MNs in both mechanical piercing tests and drug release studies, showcasing a 30 % increase in drug loading capacity and a 25 % improvement in pierceability. The unique sawtooth design not only facilitates deeper penetration but also creates microchannels that enhance drug diffusion across the stratum corneum. This innovation in microneedle technology holds significant promise for improving patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes in transdermal drug delivery systems.

Optimization of UHPC beams under flexural loading: A numerical and experimental investigation

Ultra-high-performance concrete is a material with enhanced mechanical properties compared to conventional concrete. These characteristics make it possible to conceive structural elements with reduced cross-sections and lower reinforcement ratios (RR) to withstand the same load capacities as conventional concrete elements. However, UHPC beams with low RRs exhibit low ductility indexes due to localization phenomena. The proposed methodology uses a genetic algorithm routine to generate an optimized cross-section to reduce UHPC consumption, decreasing the RR. The optimization methodology was based on finite element models to increase load capacity while maintaining a target minimum ductility. The experimental program tested three reference rectangular beams with different RRs and one beam with an optimized cross-section. The tested beams were then modeled using the finite element method in the Abaqus software through a modeling technique that considered the variability of the material properties by dividing the element’s volume into parts with different material properties. The results showed that changing the cross-section’s format can increase load-bearing capacity while maintaining target ductility.

Enhanced impact resistance of RC beams using various types of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites

This study investigates the impact resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using various types of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCCs). A total of ten large-sized RC beams were fabricated and tested under static and impact loading conditions. Four different types of HPFRCCs with 2% by volume of steel, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyethylene (PE) fibers were considered. Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) based on steel fibers demonstrated superior compressive and tensile strengths, while high-performance strain-hardening cementitious composite (HP-SHCC) based on PE fibers exhibited the highest strain and energy absorption capacities. The steel-bar reinforced (R-) UHPFRC and HP-SHCC beams showed superior flexural load capacity compared to reinforced normal strength concrete (R-NSC) beams. The highest ductility of 8.02 was found in the R-HP-SHCC beam, almost 5 times higher than that of the R-NSC beam. By drop hammer impact with a kinetic energy of 30 kJ, the R-UHPFRC beam completely failed due to its higher reaction load and lower structural ductility, while other RC beams made of NSC and HPFRCCs withstood the identical impact load. The R-HP-SHCC beam exhibited the best impact resistance, with a 29.1% lower maximum deflection compared to the R-NSC beam, and the largest residual load capacity after the impact damages. The R-HP-SHCC beam, despite being damaged, showed no reduction in flexural stiffness, yet it demonstrated an impressive 5.4% increase in load capacity compared to the undamaged beam.