Increasing Iron Content Research Articles

Absence of Cysteine and Iron Chelation Induces Ferroptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Ferroptosis is a recently studied form of programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxides accumulation in the cells. This process occurs when a cell's antioxidant capacity is disturbed resulting in the inability of the cell to detoxify the toxic peroxides. Two major components that regulate ferroptosis are cysteine and iron. This study aimed to determine the effect of cysteine deficiency and iron chelation on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) ferroptosis in a lipid-enriched microenvironment. The study has a laboratory-based experimental design. This study used the MDA-MB-231 cell line in various in vitro cell culture systems to investigate the research question. For the first part of the study, we subjected MDA-MB-231 cells to grow in cysteine-absent adipocyte-conditioned media. In the second half, we treated MDA-MB-231 cells with iron chelator, deferoxamine. BODIPY imaging and western blot were carried out to observe ferroptosis in the cells under the 2 conditions. The results showed that cysteine absence in the conditioned media was able to reduce the formation of lipid droplets, which increased the greater access to free fatty acids to undergo oxidation, therefore inducing ferroptosis. On the contrary, cells when treated with deferoxamine along with erastin (ferroptosis-inducing drug), showed an increase in cell iron content was observed, later inducing ferroptosis. Our results show an alternative function of cysteine and deferoxamine, one regulating lipid droplets and the other inducing ferroptosis, although an inhibitor of the same, respectively.

Milk osteopontin has high iron-binding capacity and facilitates iron absorption in intestinal cells.

Insufficient absorption of iron and the consequent development of iron deficiency have serious health consequences. Hence, identification and development of iron delivery systems that can increase the bioavailability and uptake of dietary iron are important. Osteopontin (OPN) is an acidic and highly phosphorylated integrin-binding protein found in milk where it exists as a full-length protein and as N-terminally derived fragments. Milk OPN can be taken up by enterocytes and transported across the intestinal barrier into the circulation. Milk OPN has previously been shown to bind calcium and magnesium. This study investigates milk OPN as a carrier of iron and its potential to increase iron absorption in intestinal cells. Full-length OPN and N-terminal fragments of OPN were shown to bind ∼30 and ∼10 mol of iron, respectively, and the phosphorylated residues were crucial for iron binding. Osteopontin retained iron bound after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Immunodetection of digested OPN and OPN-Fe complexes showed that the OPN-Fe complexes were more resistant to pepsin digestion than OPN without bound iron. The cellular uptake of iron was investigated by measuring intracellular ferritin formation and mRNA expression of divalent metal transporter 1 in Caco-2 cells. Osteopontin increased the uptake of iron even in the presence of phytic acid, a dietary inhibitor of iron absorption. These data indicate that OPN can function as an iron carrier for use in alternative strategies for delivering iron in a bioavailable form for intestinal uptake.

Formulation of Moringa Oliefera and Clarias Gariepinus in the Form of Pancake Sedian as an Innovation for Stunting Prevention

The problem of stunting will increase morbidity and mortality if not handled properly, one of the factors causing stunting is poor nutritional intake. Functional food diversification is needed to improve the quality of life of the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional content and acceptability of pancake formulations combined with moringa leaves and catfish (Energy, Protein, Fat and Iron). This research was conducted from August to September 2024. Methods to determine the nutritional content (energy, protein, fat and iron) using titrimetric, kjehdal, gravimetric methods SM APHA 23rd, 3111 B, 2017 and organoleptic tests either by blind test or hedonic test method to 40 respondents, testing the content of pancakes in the BBLK Quasy experimental laboratory is used to determine the effectiveness of pancake formulations in preventing stunting. Based on the results of the examination of pancake samples using 4 formulas with different amounts of catfish content. The test results in serving 100 g, for formula 1 (FO) catfish content as much as 50 grams, formula 2 (F1) catfish content as much as 100 grams, formula 3 (F3) catfish content as much as 200 grams. Based on the nutritional content analysis of the four catfish and moringa pancake formulations, it can be concluded that the addition of catfish provides a significant increase in protein and iron content, two important components for stunting prevention. Catfish and moringa leaf pancakes can be a practical and high nutritional value functional food alternative for toddlers, especially in efforts to prevent stunting associated with protein and iron deficiency.

Magnetic properties of the Y<sub>2</sub> (Fe<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>1-x</sub>)<sub>17</sub> compounds

The results of magnetization curves analysis of Y2(FexCo1−x)17 compounds, measured in 300—923 K temperature interval along easy and hard magnetization direction, were represented. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants K1,2 of the samples were calculated. Temperature and compositional dependence of anisotropy constants K1,2 and saturation magnetization Ms were discussed. There is an increase of first anisotropy constant K1 value with the increase of relative samples iron concentration with maximum value of 5.1∙105 J·m-3 in x = 0.29 point, correspond to the middle of the easy-axis interval.

STEAP3-SLC39A8-mediated microglia ferroptosis involved in neurotoxicity in rats after exposure to lead and cadmium combined.

The exposure of humans and animals to environmental compounds is rarely restricted to a single chemical. Unfortunately, very few studies were conducted to determine cadmium and lead combined effect. The aim of this study was to clarify the neurotoxicity induced by combined exposure to lead and cadmium and its mechanism of action. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control, lead, cadmium, and combined lead and cadmium groups, and Y-maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of the rats, and the hippocampal tissue was subjected to HE pathology staining. Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α levels, immunofluorescence for microglia marker Iba1, and western blot for ferroptosis-related proteins SLC7A11, GPX4, and FTH1. Primary rat microglia were extracted, the combined dose was determined by CCK8, and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by 4D-DIA quantitative proteomics technology. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by KEGG analysis software for bioinformatics, and the results were verified by immunofluorescence. The results showed that combined exposure to lead and cadmium decreased the learning and memory ability of the rats, and the levels of lead and cadmium in the blood and the hippocampus increased, and the expression of microglia marker Iba1 in the hippocampus was elevated, and the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α was elevated, combined exposure decreased GSH and SOD levels, increased ROS and MDA levels, increased iron content, and decreased expression of iron death-related proteins SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1. Extracted rat primary microglia, CCK8 to determine the co-toxicity dose after proteomics testing, found that iron metabolism-related protein SLC39A8 was down-regulated, STEAP3 was up-regulated, and validation results were consistent with the proteomics results. Conclusion, combined lead and cadmium exposure may exacerbate neurotoxicity by mediating microglia ferroptosis via STEAP3, SLC39A8.

Strike while the iron is hot: unravelling the impact of dietary iron on two edible insects

Abstract Edible insects are key players in the alternative protein market. Alongside their high protein content, edible insects contain abundant trace minerals, including iron. Given the lack of sustainable and bioavailable iron sources, edible insects are a promising iron source in both human and livestock diets. However, little is known about how the iron concentration in edible insects can be manipulated. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary iron at different concentrations on the growth, survival, and nutrient composition of two edible insect species larvae: black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) and yellow mealworm (YM, Tenebrio molitor). Substrate iron content was increased using ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), ranging from 267-563 mg/kg (0 to 10 mM FAC) for YM and 323-6637 mg/kg (0 to 100 mM FAC) for BSF. Larval weight of YM was unaffected by dietary iron content, but survival rates significantly decreased by 4% at the 10 mM diet. In BSF larvae, no differences in body weight or survival were noted between dietary iron treatments, but cuticular lesions potentially indicative of iron overload appeared at 100 mM diet. When exposed to excess dietary iron, both YM and BSF showed significant increases in iron content in a dose-dependent manner, with BSF larvae exhibiting a threefold increase from 372 mg/kg to 999 mg/kg. Both species exhibited significant reductions in zinc on iron-enriched diets. Calcium levels in BSF strongly correlated with dietary iron concentration, rising by over 20% at the 100 mM diet, a phenomenon not previously reported. Finally, across all dietary iron concentrations, no significant effects on protein and fat content or soluble protein composition were observed in either species. All together data suggest that BSF larvae can act as a precious source of both iron and calcium for food and feed formulations through substrate manipulation.

One Part Method for Making Geopolymer Paste using Flocculated Sidoarjo Mud

Some efforts have proposed the utilization of Sidoarjo mud for geopolymer paste. However, the original dry mud in geopolymer concrete showed decreased compressive strength and increased required water. In this paper, the one-part method is proposed to reduce the water in the mixture. First, the mud was chemically flocculated. Then, the dry mud was mixed with fly ash, activated geothermal silicate, and sodium hydroxide mixture in solid form before then the distilled water was added. This reduced the required water to 50% compared to the two-part method. The flocculant sedimented heavy metal that resulted in higher compressive strength at a later age. At 28 days, dry flocculated mud showed higher compressive strength than the original dry mud, with a compressive strength of 13 MPa and 11 MPa, respectively. This is because of the increase of silica, alumina, and iron content from 70% in dry LUSI to 75% in dry flocculated mud.

Structural, Morphological, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Undoped and Fe Doped Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by CBD

In this study beads like nanoparticles of manganese oxide with different doping of iron concentrations from 2% to 10% were deposited on ultrasonically cleaned glass substrate by chemical bath deposition technique. Different analytical techniques including XRD, SEM, DRS and VSM were utilized to analyze the structure, morphology, optical and magnetic properties. XRD analysis confirms the crystallite size of Fe-MnO2 were between 13.70 nm to 46.46 nm, morphological examination indicated that Fe-MnO2 have cubic and beads-like structures. SEM have revealed the average grain size of 613.3 nm and non-uniform deposition of thin film, DRS analysis confirms that pure MnO has band gap energy 2.90 eV and is decreased with increasing concentration of iron i.e shifted towards lower band gap energy semiconductor materials, VSM reveals that magnetization increases with increase in iron concentration. The best properties were obtained at 6% iron doping because, with further increase in doping concentration, the structure started to distort.

Nutritional Composition and Productivity of Panicum maximum cv. "Mombasa" Under Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization and Water Deficit.

This study investigates the production and nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass under varying levels of water stress and nitrogen (N) fertilization, aiming to enhance forage production in harsh environments. Four irrigation levels (5760, 6912, 4608, and 3456 m3 ha-1 year-1) and three N fertilizer doses (115, 57.5, and 0 kg ha-1 year-1) were tested. The results indicate that Mombasa grass produced higher fresh and dry weights under higher irrigation levels (I1 and I2) compared to water deficit conditions across all cuts. Interestingly, under moderate water stress (I3), the dry weight was not significantly different from that under higher irrigation for the sixth harvest in the first season. Water deficit conditions led to a significant reduction in protein content across all treatments. However, under lower irrigation levels (I3 and I4), there was a significant increase in phosphorus (P), potassium (K₊), iron (Fe2₊), and zinc (Zn) concentrations. A heatmap analysis of shape descriptors grouped the productivity and nutritional traits into two clusters based on their response to combined fertilization and drought stress. This analysis revealed that the dry weight, number of leaves, and Fe and Zn contents were positively affected under moderate water stress (80% of control; 4608 m3 ha-1 year-1) with recommended N fertilization. The study concludes that Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa is tolerant to moderate water stress and is suitable for forage production in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.

Blocking METTL3-mediated lncRNA FENDRR silence reverses cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma through activating TFRC-mediated ferroptosis pathway.

Targeting ferroptosis pathway becomes a new solution for cisplatin (DDP) resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and further research is required to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and DDP resistance, providing biotargets for LUAD treatment. In this study, DDP-sensitive A549 cells and DDP-resistant A549/DDP cells were treated with DDP, DDP sensitivity was detected through using CCK-8 method and colony formation assay, ferroptosis-related markers were determined through commercial kits, and the molecular regulatory mechanism was analyzed through methylated RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, dual luciferase assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay. Results showed that compared to A549 cells, FENDRR was downregulated in A549/DDP cells, and FENDRR increased iron content, labile iron pool, lipid peroxidation, LDH release and ROS levels, accelerating ferroptosis to promote DDP sensitivity. Interestingly, we found that METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification YTHDF2 dependently resulted in FENDRR degradation, and FENDRR overexpression elevated TFRC expression through sponging miR-761. Mechanistically, METTL3 inhibited the FENDRR/TFRC axis to alleviate DDP-induced ferroptosis, promoting DDP resistance in LUAD cells. Collectively, our findings identify a novel molecular regulatory mechanism in DDP resistance of LUAD, and suggest that FENDRR might be an attractive target for addressing DDP resistance.

Assessing the efficacy of different nano-iron sources for alleviating alkaline soil challenges in goji berry trees (Lycium barbarum L.)

Alkalinity is a significant environmental factor affecting crop production, which is exacerbated by the current climate change scenario. In alkaline soils, iron availability is severely reduced due to its low solubility at high pH levels and bicarbonate concentrations, which hinders plant iron absorption by rendering it inactive. In modern agriculture, green-synthesized nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention due to their environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced potential for foliar uptake. This study explores the effects of various iron sources and concentrations, including FeSO4.7H2O, Fe-EDDHA, Nano-Fe, and green-synthesized nano-Fe, at three concentrations (0, 0.25, and 0.5 g L− 1) on the growth, physiological, biochemical parameters, and nutrient uptake of goji berry. The evaluated parameters included leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and fruits, chlorophyll a, b, and a/b ratio, carotenoids, total soluble sugar in leaves and fruits, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase enzymes, and the concentrations of nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe). Results demonstrated that increasing iron concentrations led to enhanced fresh and dry weights of leaves and fruits, with the highest values recorded at 0.5 g L⁻¹ of all iron sources. Nano-Fe significantly boosted fresh and dry weight of leaves, resulting in a 4.95 to 4.84-fold increase compared to the control. The highest fresh (1.267 g) and dry (0.815 g) fruit weights were observed at 0.5 g L⁻¹ of green-synthesized nano-Fe. Regarding photosynthetic pigments, the chlorophyll a/b ratio peaked at 1.62 mg g⁻¹ FW under the 0.5 g L⁻¹ green-synthesized nano-Fe treatment, while the control exhibited the lowest ratio (1.31 mg g⁻¹ FW). A similar trend was observed in nutrient uptake, with the highest leaf iron content (0.189 mg g⁻¹ DW) recorded in the 0.5 g L⁻¹ nano-Fe treatment, and the lowest (0.116 mg g⁻¹ DW) in the control. Although iron concentration positively influenced most traits, it led to a decline in zinc and manganese levels. Overall, these results highlight the potential of green-synthesized nano-Fe as an efficient, cost-effective iron source for improving vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigment levels, and nutrient uptake in goji berries grown in alkaline soils.

Effect of solid-state fermentation on mineral binding efficiency of chickpea protein: Characterization and in-vitro mineral uptake

Iron deficiency is a prevalent global health concern, especially in populations lacking diverse nutrient sources. Chickpeas, rich in both protein and iron, face limitations in iron bioavailability due to anti-nutritional factors and low iron complex solubility. In this regard, solid-state fermentation offers promise in enhancing plant-based food nutrition. Therefore, this study examined the impact of fermentation on chickpea protein's mineral binding, focusing on iron complexation. Comparing native chickpea protein-iron complex (NCP-Fe) and fermented chickpea protein-iron complex using Aspergillus awamori (FCP90-Fe), significant improvements were noted after 90 h of fermentation. Protein content and solubility in FCP90-Fe increased by 14.77 % and 22.70 %, respectively. Structural alterations induced by A. awamorai were evident through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Functional attributes such as protein solubility (18.91 %), oil (23.60 %), and water holding capacity (19.17 %) also improved in FCP90-Fe, indicating enhanced food application potential. Additionally, FCP90-Fe exhibited a 31.74 % increase in iron content and significantly higher mineral bioavailability, with enhancements of 21.99 % and 59.90 % compared to NCP-Fe. In vitro studies demonstrated increased iron transportation, retention, and uptake by 11.07 %, 10.42 %, and 7.09 %, respectively, underscoring improved iron bioavailability from fermented chickpea protein. Moreover, FCP90-Fe notably elevated ferritin synthesis levels, suggesting enhanced iron storage capacity within cells, with a 62.66 % increase in ferritin content per mg cell protein and a 39.59 % increase per gram sample compared to NCP-Fe. This study emphasizes the considerable impact of fermentation on the chickpea protein iron complex. It increases its mineral bioavailability, iron uptake, digestibility, and mineral bioavailability.

SPROUTING AND HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENTS IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF BIOFORTIFIED COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Nutritional quality and consumer acceptability of legumes is enhanced by application of sprouting and hydrothermal treatments. Nevertheless, with the increasing popularity of biofortification strategies for staple foods to counteract micronutrient deficiencies, little is known about the nutritional impact when these techniques are integrated. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact of combining sprouting and hydrothermal treatments: precooking, conventional cooking and pressure cooking (R-raw, RS-raw sprouted, SCC-sprouted and conventionally cooked, SPC-sprouted and pressure cooked, PCC-precooked and conventionally cooked, PPC-precooked and pressure cooked) on the nutritional quality and acceptability of biofortified common bean, nyota (Phaseolus vulgaris).Results indicated significant increase in iron and zinc content by over 20% and 27% respectively, upon sprouting and hydrothermal treatments. Conversely, there was significant reduction in the phytate content by over 35%, tannin by up to 57%, oligosaccharides: stachyose by over 82%, verbascose by 91%, raffinose by 76%, and lipids from 2.56±0.09(R) to 2.23±0.27% (PPC). The phytate:iron molar ratio reduced significantly by up to 29%. On overall consumer acceptability, PPC was the most preferred at 6.03±16 liking score.Despite sprouting and hydrothermal treatments improving the nutritional quality of the bean, consumer education is required for increased acceptance and consumption of sprouted bean products.

A Systematic Review of Isotopically Measured Iron Absorption in Infants and Children Under 2 Years.

Iron is an essential element for critical biological functions, with iron deficiency negatively affecting growth and brain development and iron excess associated with adverse effects. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of up-to-date evidence on iron absorption measured isotopically in children, preterm infants, and full-term infants, up to 24 months of age. Search databases included Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus from a date range of 1 January 1953 to 22 July 2024. The included articles were experimental studies with iron absorption outcomes measured by isotopic techniques. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A total of 1594 records were identified from databases, and 37 studies were included in the quality review with a total of 1531 participants. Article results were grouped by study commonality: absorption and red blood cell incorporation, type of milk feedings, additives to improve absorption, how and when to supplement with iron, and iron forms and complimentary foods. The results from this review support the current recommendations of oral iron supplementation. Iron from breast milk has high bioavailability, and unmodified cow's milk reduces iron absorption. Supplemental iron is required at 4-6 months for healthy, full-term infants and sooner for preterm infants. Ascorbic acid increases iron absorption in full-term infants and children. Lactoferrin and prebiotics are promising candidates for enhancing iron absorption, but they require further investigation. Research evidence of iron absorption mechanisms and modulating factors in preterm infants is limited and should be a research priority.

High Protein Milk Affected the Increase of the Hb Levels of Third-trimester of Pregnancy with Anemia

Anemia is a risk factor that contributes to 50% of all maternal deaths. The main factors causing anemia are low iron intake and infection. Protein intake, especially animal protein intake, helps increase iron absorption. This study aims to determine the effect of providing high protein milk intake on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the third trimester with iron deficiency. This type of research is Pre-Experimental with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study was all third-trimester of pregnant women with pale faces in the of the Gondanglegi Public Health Center Kabupaten Malang. The sample was 33 people taken by using the total sampling technique. The measuring test was the Wilcoxon Marked Rank Test. The examination results showed that the average hemoglobin level before treatment was 10.1 gr/dl, and after treatment was 11.1 gr/dl. The results showed that there was an effect of giving high-protein milk on increasing hemoglobin levels in third-trimester pregnant women with pale skin in Gondanglegi Health Center (p-value = 0.000). This study concludes that milk protein consumption basically affects the increase in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. It is recommended for pregnant women who get anemia to focus on their food intake, especially protein consumption.

High Protein Milk Affected the Increase of the Hb Levels of Third-trimester of Pregnancy with Anemia

Anemia is a risk factor that contributes to 50% of all maternal deaths. The main factors causing anemia are low iron intake and infection. Protein intake, especially animal protein intake, helps increase iron absorption. This study aims to determine the effect of providing high protein milk intake on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the third trimester with iron deficiency. This type of research is Pre-Experimental with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study was all third-trimester of pregnant women with pale faces in the of the Gondanglegi Public Health Center Kabupaten Malang. The sample was 33 people taken by using the total sampling technique. The measuring test was the Wilcoxon Marked Rank Test. The examination results showed that the average hemoglobin level before treatment was 10.1 gr/dl, and after treatment was 11.1 gr/dl. The results showed that there was an effect of giving high-protein milk on increasing hemoglobin levels in third-trimester pregnant women with pale skin in Gondanglegi Health Center (p-value = 0.000). This study concludes that milk protein consumption basically affects the increase in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. It is recommended for pregnant women who get anemia to focus on their food intake, especially protein consumption.

Fabrication and characterization of rubcrete-iron composite for mixed radiation shielding

Mixed radiation environments need unique shielding materials that can effectively attenuate photons and neutrons simultaneously. Most ordinary shielding materials can only shield one form of radiation effectively. In this work, a novel composite material was fabricated in our laboratories and characterized for photon and neutron shielding. Waste materials were used as partial substitutes for aggregates in concrete, which is a sustainable practice in the building industry at present. The main components of the composite material are iron filings, rubber, and concrete. Concrete samples were mixed with iron filings at varying percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and a fixed 5% crumb rubber content. The material’s photon and neutron shielding characteristics were evaluated through experimental and simulation methods. Gamma-ray attenuation measurements were experimentally carried out using a NaI(TI) spectrometer and a Cs-137 0.662 MeV energy source. In contrast, GEANT4, PHY-X/PSD, and NIST-XCOM codes were used to simulate photon and neutron cross-sections. The findings indicate that an increase in iron filings results in enhanced radiation attenuation, reflected by a higher linear attenuation coefficient (μ). The linear attenuation coefficient values range from (0.1590 ± 0.0004) to (0.2045 ± 0.0003) cm−1 for samples with no crumb rubber and from (0.1521 ± 0.0002) to (0.1920 ± 0.0004) cm−1 for samples with 5% crumb rubber. Half Value Layer (HVL) decreases with an increase in iron content and is slightly higher in samples with crumb rubber. The HVL results from simulations and measurements agree. This study optimizes the potential of concrete as a radiation-shielding material while promoting sustainable construction and environmental practices.

SIRT6 mitigates oxidative stress and RSL3-induced ferroptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells

Dysregulation in placental trophoblast cells frequently results in oxidative stress, culminating in pregnancy-related complications. While iron is essential for fetal development, cellular ferroptosis due to elevated iron levels might mediate the emergence of preeclampsia (PE), presenting significant risks during gestation. We found abnormally activated oxidative stress and increased iron concentration in the placental tissues of PE patients. Subsequently, we treated placental trophoblasts with hydrogen peroxide and RSL3 to induce oxidative stress and ferroptosis models. The results revealed that SIRT6 overexpression activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, restores the oxidative imbalance of the cells, and protects the cells from ferroptosis. Meanwhile, activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway alone showed similar results. Thus, we posit that SIRT6, via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, alleviates cellular oxidative stress and diminishes ferroptosis, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for PE.

In situ iron coating of amorphous boron and characterization of its energy release behavior

Boron was widely employed as metal fuel in solid propellants for its higher gravimetric and volumetric combustion enthalpies. However, the low melting point and high boiling point of B2O3 on the surface of boron particles significantly hinder its ignition and combustion performance, seriously preventing the full realization of its thermodynamic potential. To address this issue, B@Fe composite fuels with different iron contents from 1.59 % to 7.09 % were prepared via liquid phase reduction in this paper and the quasi-static high temperature oxidation, ignition and combustion reaction characteristics and corresponding mechanism were studied, in order to provide effective modification techniques in supporting the large-scale engineering application of boron as metal fuel. The study results show that B@Fe can effectively reduce the ignition temperature and maximum heat flow temperature of amorphous boron, and increase the maximum mass gain rate. The ignition temperature and maximum heat flow temperature have an exponential function with the iron coating content. Iron coated amorphous boron can effectively shorten the laser ignition delay time by more than 50 %, and significantly change the flame structure, flame evolution process and combustion duration. Both amorphous boron and iron-coated amorphous boron flame showed a multi-layer structure, including the outer green flame, the middle yellow flame and the central incandescent flame. However, with the increase of the iron coating content, the flame height increased from 5.5 cm to 6.3 cm, the flame structure changed from mushroom type to triangle type, and the central incandescent flame area increased significantly. The equivalent combustion duration increased from 975 ms to 1997 ms, and the flame temperature increased from 1288 to 1505 °C. The emission spectra of BO2 and BO lines are captured during combustion. B@Fe with the increase of iron content, a large number of small diameter micropores appear in the condensed combustion products(CCPs) of composite fuels, and a grid-like structure was formed. With the increase of iron coating content, the boron content of condensed combustion products decreases, and the oxygen content increases. The main components of CCP include B, B2O3, B6O, FeB, Fe2B and Fe3B. Based on the ignition combustion experiment of B@Fe composite fuel, ignition combustion analysis model of B@Fe composite fuel was established.

Resolving the developmental mechanisms of cardiac microthrombosis of SARS-CoV-2 based on single-cell transcriptome analysis.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global health emergency. Systemic microthrombus caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is a common complication in patients with COVID-19. Cardiac microthrombosis as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the primary cause of cardiac injury and death in patietns with severe COVID-19. In this study, we performed single-cell sequencing analysis of the right ventricular free wall tissue from healthy donors, patients who died during the hypercoagulable period of characteristic coagulation abnormality (CAC), and patients who died during the fibrinolytic period of CAC. We collected 61,187 cells enriched in 24 immune cell subsets and 13 cardiac-resident cell subsets. We found that in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infected heart microthrombus, MYO1EhighRASGEF1Bhighmonocyte-derived macrophages promoted hyperactivation of the immune system and initiated the extrinsic coagulation pathway by activating chemokines CCL3, CCL5. This series of events is the main cause of cardiac microthrombi following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a SARS-CoV-2 infected heart microthrombus, excessive immune activation is accompanied by an increase in cellular iron content, which in turn promotes oxidative stress and intensifies intercellular competition. This induces cells to alter their metabolic environment, resulting in increased sugar uptake via the glycosaminoglycan synthesis pathway. In addition, high levels of reactive oxygen species generated by elevated iron levels promote increased endogenous malondialdehyde synthesis in a subpopulation of cardiac endothelial cells. This exacerbates endothelial cell dysfunction and exacerbates the coagulopathy process.