Increasing Graphene Oxide Content Research Articles

Effect of Graphene Oxide Incorporation into Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Scaffolds on Breast Cancer Cell Culture

Graphene-based nanomaterials have been used as biomaterials to enhance cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. However, the effect of graphene materials on cancer cell behavior has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we have incorporated graphene oxide (GO) into cellulose acetate (CA) to develop nanofibrous scaffolds for in vitro cancer cell culture, which is a crucial step for drug screening and cancer research. The Go/CA scaffolds were seeded with breast cancer cells and cell viability, proliferation, adhesion, infiltration, and morphology were assessed. Mechanical characterization demonstrated that the mechanical properties of GO/CA scaffolds were significantly better than bare CA scaffold and improved with increasing GO content. More importantly, the in vitro cell studies showed that the cancer cells on GO/CA scaffolds had significantly higher viability and better cell adhesion and growth than bare CA. Our results confirm an important role of GO in improving mechanical properties and cancer cell performance on GO/CA scaffolds. These results suggest the potential of the GO/CA scaffolds as a promising candidate for in vitro cancer models.

Incorporating nano graphene oxide to poly-methyl methacrylate; antibacterial effect and thermal expansion.

Aim: This in vitro study was performed to evaluate antibacterial effect and thermal expansion of commercial available poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) incorporated by nano graphene oxide (GO) in different concentration. Method: Nano graphene oxide in five concentrations 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% and 1% by weight was incorporated to PMMA to form groups I-V respectively. To evaluate the antibacterial effect against Streptococcus Mutans, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for GO dispersion was done and agar well diffusion test for groups I-IV was done. Thermal expansion was assessed through measuring the linear coefficient of thermal expansion. Results: For antibacterial effect, all concentrations tested for MIC showed inhibition zone varied from 0.5 to 2mm in diameter. All tested groups evaluated by agar well diffusion method showed no inhibition zones except for group II. Significant reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion was showed by increasing GO concentration. Conclusions: Incorporation of GO in to PMMA at concentration of 0.5% can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus Mutans. There is an inverse relation between the concentrations of GO and the coefficient of thermal expansion.

Ultra-low graphene oxide loading for water permeability, antifouling and antibacterial improvement of polyethersulfone/sulfonated polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes

The aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) was employed as additive to fabricate antifouling and antibacterial polyethersulfone (PES)/sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf)/GO mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS). The effect of different amounts of GO on the morphology and performance of MMMs were studied. The results showed that the casting solution exhibited an increasing trend in viscosity with increment in GO concentration (from 0 to 0.016 wt%) owing to the hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interaction among GO, H2O and SPSf. Raman and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations analyses confirmed that there existed H-bonding interaction among SPSf, GO and H2O. Specifically, the agglomeration of GO was inhibited and stable homogeneous casting solution was obtained. Meanwhile, the H-bonding interaction also played a key role in the MMMs structure and improved properties. It was found that GO nanosheets were uniformly embedded to form many cellular-like voids in the asymmetric PES/SPSf/GO MMMs with a sponge-like structure. The pure water flux of the MMMs with a very low GO content of 0.012 wt% was up to 816.9 L/m2h and the rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was more than 99.2% under a pressure of 0.1 MPa. Additionally, the mechanical properties of MMMs was also improved with the increase of GO content. Importantly, the MMMs displayed excellent antifouling and antibacterial performance. A high fouling recovery (94.2%) and antibacterial rate (90.0%) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) obtained were attributed to improved hydrophilicity, enhanced negative charge and GO nano-size effect. In summary, our study provides a simple approach to tailor MMMs with the enhancement of permeation, antifouling and antibacterial properties at a very low content of GO.

Graphene oxide exhibits differential mechanistic action towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

The antibacterial nature of graphene oxide (GO) has stimulated wide interest in the medical field. Although the antibacterial activity of GO towards bacteria has been well studied, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of GO is still lacking. The objective of the study was to elucidate the difference in the interactions of GO towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The synthesized GO was characterized by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Raman and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Viability, time-kill and Lactose Dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays were carried out along with FESEM, TEM and ATR-FTIR analysis of GO treated bacterial cells. Characterizations of synthesized GO confirmed the transition of graphene to GO and the antibacterial activity of GO was concentration and time-dependent. Loss of membrane integrity in bacteria was enhanced with increasing GO concentrations and this corresponded to the elevated release of LDH in the reaction medium. Surface morphology of GO treated bacterial culture showed apparent differences in the mechanism of action of GO towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria where cell entrapment was mainly observed for Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis whereas membrane disruption due to physical contact was noted for Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ATR-FTIR characterizations of the GO treated bacterial cells showed changes in the fatty acids, amide I and amide II of proteins, peptides and amino acid regions compared to untreated bacterial cells. Therefore, the data generated further enhance our understanding of the antibacterial activity of GO towards bacteria.

A Novel Study: The Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Morphology, Crystal Structure, Optical and Electrical Properties of Lanthanum Ferrite Based Nano Electroceramics Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method.

Lanthanum Ferrite based nanocomposites were prepared with various Graphene oxide contents by the hydrothermal method. The crystalline structure, morphological properties, electrical and optical properties of samples were investigated. X-ray diffraction results indicate that all the nano electroceramics are polycrystalline with an Orthorhombic structure. Results from scanning and transmission electron microscopes indicate that the Bismuth ferrite/Graphene oxide powders have nanostructure. The optical band gaps of the nano electroceramics were calculated for the various amount of Graphene oxide. The electrical properties of samples were investigated with the temperature depend on conductivity measurements. The measurement shows that the electrical conductivity changes with increasing temperature and graphene oxide dopants of all samples. Activation energy (EA) values of the nanocomposites decrease with increasing graphene oxide content. The dielectric properties of Lanthanum Ferrite/Graphene Oxide nanocomposites (real and imaginer) with respect to frequency variation (1 KHz-5 MHz) were measured at room temperature. The relative permittivity (ɛ'), dielectric loss (ɛ″) and alternating current conductivity (σac) values of the samples were estimated. It is show that (ɛ'), (ɛ″) and (σac) increase with increasing frequency. The polarization-electric field hysteresis loop of all Lanthanum Ferrite/Graphene Oxide nano electroceramics was measured at the room temperature. The loop shows proper saturation with enhanced saturation polarization (Ps), remnant polarization (Pr) and coercive electric field (Ec). The obtained findings suggest that the physical and electrical properties of Lanthanum Ferrite/Graphene Oxide nano electroceramics can be changed by Graphene Oxide doping. These materials can be used for a variety of technological applications in the field of dielectric and ferroelectric.

Structuration of lignin-graphene oxide based carbon materials through liquid crystallinity

This paper presents the approach of combining lignin with graphene oxide (GO) flakes in order to introduce a higher structuration inside amorphous carbon materials. Both the phase behavior of lignin-GO solutions and the properties of lignin-GO films are investigated in a first approach. A clear orientation within lignin-based solutions is obtained through the formation of a nematic liquid crystalline GO phase. The impact of the GO flakes on the lignin-GO films after their carbonization is demonstrated via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. With increasing GO content inside the composite films, a layer-like morphology and graphitic structures of higher crystallinity are found. The electrical conductivity of the films gradually increases as well. Furthermore, we demonstrate successful spinning trials of lignin-GO solutions into composite fibers by means of coagulation. An increased electrical conductivity of the obtained fibers depending on the GO concentration indicates an increase in crystallinity. The structuration of lignin-based carbon materials may represent an important approach towards bio-based carbon fibers with improved mechanical and electrical properties.

Effect of graphene oxide on the mechanical and thermal properties of graphene oxide/hytrel nanocomposites

Polymer nanocomposites offer enhancement in thermomechanical and physicochemical properties of polymers with the presence of a little amount of nanostructured fillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and layered silicates. A facile and rapid preparation of hytrel (HTL)-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites is done via a solution mixing method. The influence of GO content (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 wt%) on mechanical and thermal properties of GO/HTL nanocomposites has been evaluated by using various techniques such as tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of GO/HTL nanocomposites were increased with increasing GO content. The composites have valuable improvement in tensile strength (139%) and storage modulus (72%) for HTL composite containing 5 wt% GO. The incorporation of GO into HTL polymer shows enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties due to the presence of strongest noncovalent interaction (π–π stacking) between the interface of nanocomposites. These enhanced physical properties of GO/HTL composites show its potential use in structural application.

Microstructure and corrosion properties of NiCo-graphene oxide composite coatings

Microstructure-electrochemical behaviour correlation was investigated for electrodeposited Ni rich, NiCo-Graphene oxide composite coatings as a function of the amount of graphene oxide (GO) which was varied by changing the concentration of GO dispersed in the electrolytic bath. Corrosion behaviour of the coatings examined through potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods revealed that the corrosion rate of the coatings was sensitive to the amount of GO present in the coating. With increasing GO content, the corrosion rate first decreased to a minimum value followed by a sudden increase to values higher than the corrosion rate value exhibited by the pristine coating. Microstructural examination of the coatings conducted using the electron backscatter diffraction method revealed that the “optimum” content of GO which yielded the minimum corrosion rate produced a unique microstructure with highest fraction of low angle grains boundaries and lowest fraction of incoherent twins boundaries when compared to all other composite coatings. Enhancement in the corrosion rate value beyond the optimum GO content was attributed to the galvanic coupling between GO and the metal matrix.

Development of three-dimensional piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-graphene oxide scaffold by non-solvent induced phase separation method for nerve tissue engineering

In this work, non-solvent induced phase separation method was applied to develop polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/graphene oxide (GO) scaffold for nerve tissue engineering. Furthermore, the effects of GO concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 wt%) on the electrical, mechanical, physical and biological properties of scaffolds were also evaluated. Results demonstrated that, incorporation of GO nanosheets in the PVDF matrix decreased water contact angle, while enhanced the hydrophilicity, water absorption and water flux of the scaffolds. Moreover, mechanical properties of the nanocomposite scaffolds improved in the presence of GO nanosheets. Significantly, increasing GO content up to 3 wt% enhanced tensile modulus and strength of PVDF scaffold from 8.1 ± 1.4 and 0.8 ± 0.2 MPa to 17.0 ± 3.7 and 1.4 ± 0.4 MPa, respectively. Incorporation of GO nanosheets into the PVDF scaffold simultaneously enhanced β phase fraction, piezoelectricity and electrical conductivity of all nanocomposite scaffolds. Furthermore, PVDF-GO scaffolds significantly promoted cell proliferation, compared to PVDF scaffold, depending on the GO content. Finally, PVDF-GO scaffold could easily be converted in to a nerve guidance conduit with 4 internal longitudinally aligned channels making it appropriate for the nerve regeneration applications.

Synergistic reinforcement of silanized silica-graphene oxide hybrid in natural rubber for tire-tread fabrication: A latex based facile approach

Graphene oxide (GO) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles have been hybridized using KH550 modified GO (KGO) and Si69 modified SiO2 (MS) to develop natural rubber (NR)-based high-performance tire-treads. Due to donor-acceptor and π-π interactions of NR with the Si69 and GO respectively, SiO2/GO hybrid (MSKGO) was homogeneously dispersed in NR-latex. During drying and curing, the composite of NR and the MSKGO (NRMSKGO) was converted to covalent bonded network structure through possible condensation and free-radical reactions. GO was converted to reduced GO (RGO). Because of the enlarged interfacial area and synergistic reinforcing effect of covalent bonded MSKRGO, lubricating effect of RGO-layers, the cured composite (NRMSKRGO-V) shows increasing storage modulus and energy dissipation capability, while decreasing loss factor and elongation at break with increasing GO content. Fabrication of tire-tread using only 10 phr of the unvulcanized green composite (NRMSKRGO-U) containing 1% of GO increases the wear resistance by 44.5% (as evaluated by running the real tires), and decreases the rolling resistance by 5.1% while increases the wet skid resistance by 14.6% (as evaluated from the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data).

The Preparation and Properties of Nanocomposite from Bio-Based Polyurethane and Graphene Oxide for Gas Separation.

Petroleum depletion and climate change have inspired research on bio-based polymers and CO2 capture. Tung-oil-based polyols were applied to partially replace polyether-type polyols from petroleum for sustainable polyurethane. Tung-oil-based polyurethane (TBPU), was prepared via a two-step polycondensation, that is, bulk prepolymerization and chain extension reaction. The graphene oxide (GO) was prepared via Hummer’s method. Then, TBPU was composited with the GO at different ratios to form a TBPU/GO hybrid film. The GO/TBPU films were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), followed by the measurement of mechanical properties and gas permeability. The results showed that the addition of tung-oil-based polyols enhanced the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of TBPU. The mechanical properties of the hybrid film were significantly improved, and the tensile strength and elongation at break were twice as high as those of the bulk TBPU film. When the GO content was higher than 2.0%, a brittle fracture appeared in the cross section of hybrid film. The increase of GO content in hybrid films improved the selectivity of CO2/N2 separation. When the GO content was higher than 0.35%, the resulting GO agglomeration constrained the gas separation and permeation properties.

Friction and wear behaviours of in situ reduced graphene oxide reinforced zirconia ceramic

The tribological behaviour of zirconia composites reinforced by in situ reduced graphene oxide (IrGO) was investigated by a rotating ball-on-plate configuration at room temperature, and was followed by a comparison with composites reinforced by pre-reduced graphene oxide(rGO). The results indicate that both the friction and wear resistance of ceramics increase with the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO). IrGO is better for enhancing the tribological performance of zirconia than rGO. The wear rate decreases by up to one order of magnitude (from 2.33 × 10−5 mm3·N−1·m−1 to 4.66 × 10−6 mm3·N−1·m−1) with 0.5 wt% GO. A protective tribofilm containing reduced graphene oxide forms at wear surfaces of ceramics, and the protruding-out of rGO is more pronounced. The main wear mechanism changes from severe delamination to plastic deformation and micro-cracking with increasing GO content. The analysis of wear tracks for ceramics with GO additives by Raman mapping reveals a decrease in the tetragonal-monoclinic phase transformation after sliding wear, which is regarded as the intrinsic reason for the improved wear resistance.

Impact of Graphene Oxide on Algal Organic Matter of Microcystis aeruginosa

Graphene oxide (GO) as a novel and promising material has a huge market and multiple applications. The release of GO into the aquatic system during their life cycle would lead to potential risks for the environment and aquatic organisms. This study evaluated the impacts of GO on algal growth and algal organic matter (AOM) of Microcystis aeruginosa. GO exhibited moderate effects on algal growth and the photosynthetic system. There was no evident influence on cell density and chlorophyll-a content at GO concentrations below 10 mg/L. Variation and characteristics of AOM after the interaction between GO and algae were analyzed. The characteristics of intracellular organic matter on algae’s exposure to GO showed no significant difference compared with the control group. Conversely, GO had greater impacts on extracellular organic matter after the interaction with algae. The dissolved organic carbon and microcystin-LR showed a significant decline with the increasing GO concentration. The overall molecular weight decreased as well, typically for low molecules. Moreover, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum showed that the humic acid- or fulvic acid-like organics decreased obviously. These conclusions reflect that GO has a strong adsorption capacity for removing extracellular organic matter, whereas it did not inflict damage to the algal cells, so that little change could be found in intracellular organic matter. The current study is expected to be beneficial in interpreting the potential risks of GO on algal growth and the variation of AOM.

In situ preparation of polyurethane-imide/graphene oxide nano-composite foam: intercalation structure and thermal mechanical stability

Based on the industrialized graphene oxide (GO) product, a series of polyurethane-imide (PUI)/GO nano-composite foams were fabricated via in situ prepolymer foaming method. It was found that the formation of hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding between two phases of the composite led to a highly efficient grafting of PUI molecules on the GO surface with high layer thickness, and thus partial exfoliation and uniform dispersion of GO in the matrix were achieved. By addition of proper content of GO (0.5~1 wt%), the relatively uniform cell morphology with thick walls can be observed, and the smaller mean cell size and narrower cell size distributions were presented compared with PUI foam, due to the nucleation effect of GO on PUI foam. TGA analysis presented two steps of degradation process for PUI/GO foams, and the thermal degradation temperatures increased remarkably with GO content at the second degradation stage. Meanwhile the degradation activation energy and the frequency factor increased, indicating the remarkable improvement of the thermal oxidative stability of PUI by compositing with GO. With increasing GO content, the storage modulus and Tg increased first, reaching maximum at 1 wt% GO, and then decreased. At ambient temperature, the storage modulus of PUI/1 wt% GO foam reached as high as 623 MPa, increasing by 48% compared with PUI foam, indicating an obvious reinforcing effect of GO on PUI foam. By addition of GO, the oxygen permeability coefficient decreased significantly, and the radical scavenging ratio increased, which was favorable for inhibiting the oxidative degradation of PUI molecules.

Preparation and adsorption mechanism of polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide‐sodium alginate nanocomposite hydrogel with high Pb(II) adsorption capacity

ABSTRACTA series of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO)‐sodium alginate (SA) nanocomposite hydrogel beads were prepared through in situ crosslinking for Pb2+ removal. It was found that PVA and SA molecules were intercalated into GO layers through hydrogen bonding interactions, leading to the destruction of orderly structure of GO, while GO uniformly distributed in PVA matrix. With increasing PVA solution concentration, the hydrogel beads became more regular, a large number of polygonal pores with thin walls and open pores formed, the average pore size decreased, and the dense network structure formed. Meanwhile, the permeability of the composite hydrogel decreased, leading to the decline of Pb2+ adsorption capacity of the composite hydrogel. With increasing GO content, the ballability of the hydrogel beads was weakened, the pore size increased, and relatively loose network structure formed, resulting in an increase in permeability and Pb2+ adsorption capacity of the hydrogel, reaching up to 279.43 mg g−1. Moreover, the composite hydrogel presented relatively good reusability for Pb2+ removal. The adsorption mechanism was explored and showed that the adsorption system of the composite hydrogel belonged to the second‐order kinetic model and fitted Langmuir adsorption isotherm model for Pb2+ removal, which might be mono‐layer chemical adsorption. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47318.

Mechanical properties and microstructure of graphene oxide cement-based composites

Aiming to improve the flexural and compressive strength of cement, graphene oxide (GO) was incorporated into the production of cement-based composites in this study. The effects of the GO content and water/cement (w/c) ratio on the mechanical properties and microstructure of GO–cement composites were systematically investigated through experimental tests. Testing results show that with a constant w/c ratio, the flexural and compressive strengths of the developed GO–cement composites increased first and then declined with respect to the increase in GO content. Specifically, the increase in flexural strength was more significant than that in compressive strength, indicating that the addition of GO could help improve the toughness of cement composites. Additionally, a combination of a w/c ratio of 0.35 and a GO content of 0.05 wt% led to both the highest flexural and compressive strengths. The investigation of the composition–microstructure–strength relationship shows that the introduction of GO could help improve the macroscopic properties for the cement-based composites via improving the microstructure of cement hydration products, refining the crystal size, and forming a denser and more uniform network structure. The filling effect, hydration effect and nucleation effect of GO could be optimized with an appropriate combination of w/c ratio and GO content.

Effect of the size on the aggregation and sedimentation of graphene oxide in seawaters with different salinities

Graphene oxide (GO) with different sizes is inevitably released into the water environment during its production, use, and disposal. Aggregation and sedimentation would occur when GO entered into the water with high ionic strength. However, the environmental behavior and fate of GO in the coastal water are not well known. Therefore, in the present study, the aggregation and sedimentation of GO nanosheets with different sizes in seawater with different salinities were investigated. GO nanosheets with different sizes were prepared by the ultrasonic pulverization. Compared to original GO, the ultrasonically pulverized GO was more stably dispersed in deionized water. In artificial seawater, the aggregation–sedimentation process became more intense with increasing GO concentration and salinity. With the decrease of the GO nanosheet size, the aggregation–sedimentation rate increased, while the critical aggregation and sedimentation salinity decreased. As GO could deposit in wide coastal waters, which might cause potential ecological risks to marine benthic organisms, its environmental behavior, fate, and ecological risks in the coastal water should be further investigated.

Graphene oxide/waterborne polyurethane composites for fine pattern fabrication and ultrastrong ultraviolet protection cotton fabric via screen printing

This work reported the preparation and application of graphene oxide (GO)/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composite paste. The rheological properties of GO/WPU composite paste which were strongly affecting the printing pattern definition of printed patterns were analyzed. The influences of reduced GO (RGO)/WPU composite paste printed fabrics with various GO contents on UV protection factor (UPF) values and UV transmittance were investigated. The color performance and fastness of RGO/WPU composite paste printed fabrics were evaluated. GO/WPU composite paste showed as shear thinning behavior or pseudo-plastic characterization. GO/WPU 0.9% composite paste possessed the lowest printing viscosity index (PVI) and excellent printing definition. In terms of UV protection, RGO/WPU composite paste printed fabrics with low GO loading still exhibited great UV protection ability, and super higher UPF value (7 5 7) was obtained at RGO/WPU 1.2% composite paste printed fabric. The K/S values of RGO/WPU composite paste printed fabrics were gradually increased with the increase of GO content. Although dry and wet rubbing fastness decreased with the increase of GO content, but they all exhibited excellent washing fastness.

Polyamide thin-film nanocomposite membranes with graphene oxide nanosheets: Balancing membrane performance and fouling propensity

Reverse osmosis (RO) is the fastest growing desalination technology but still suffers from the permeability-selectivity tradeoff of polymeric membranes and the vulnerability of polyamide thin film composite (TFC) membranes to fouling. Membranes incorporating graphene oxide (GO) sheets in the polyamide layer have the potential to address these limitations by providing antifouling and molecular sieving capacities. However, these two properties of GO-based thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes originate from different features of GO and optimal TFN composition may differ when designing for improved permeability or fouling resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of incorporating GO sheets in the polyamide active layer of TFN membranes on their separation performance and fouling resistance. Increasing the GO loading in TFN membranes increased the antifouling and antimicrobial properties of TFN membranes. On the other hand, a small increase in membrane permeability was observed at low GO loading and decreased with increasing GO content in the active layer. Therefore, the results of this study emphasize the trade-off that exists between improved performance and reduced fouling propensity and the benefits of GO appear higher as an antimicrobial and antifouling additive than a permeability enhancer in TFN membranes.

High-strength and morphology-controlled aerogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose and graphene oxide

Composite aerogels with excellent mechanical properties were prepared by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as raw materials, 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as reinforcement, boric acid (BA) as cross-linker. By controlling the heat transfer rate, composite aerogels with isotropy and anisotropy structure were prepared, the mechanical and heat insulation properties were studied. The isotropy composite aerogel had compression strength of 110 kPa at 60% compression, which was 5 times of the axial and 14 times of the radial of anisotropy structure composite aerogels, and thermal conductivity was also lower than those of two directions of anisotropy composite aerogel. Besides, the mechanical properties of isotropy composite aerogels increased with the increase of GO content. When GO content was up to 5 wt%, the compressive strength and Young’s modulus of composite aerogels reached 349 kPa and 1029 kPa, which were 1.6 and 4.5 times that of CMC aerogels, respectively.