Increasing Extract Concentration Research Articles

Purification and Identification of the Active Principles in Ethanol Extract Fractions of Phyllanthus Amarus Leaves

All organisms have their own antioxidant defense system that protects them against free radical damage by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase or compounds such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol and glutathione. However, our body system sometimes cannot work efficiently to mop up these free radicals thus, leading to unavoidable damages caused by oxidation. As a result, consumption of additional antioxidants through herbs such as Phyllanthus amarus , foods or supplements (phytochemicals) are beneficial to the body system, defending it against these harmful ROS. This research is aimed at ascertaining the presence of various antioxidants in ethanolic extract fractions of Phyllanthus amarus leaves. Phyllanthus amarus leaves were collected from Federal University Wukari premise, Taraba State, Nigeria and dried. The dried leaves were crushed into a fine powder manually using mortar and pestle. The ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves was placed under fan to evaporate the ethanol before subjecting it to further assays. The results obtained from this study revealed that for beta carotene inhibition assay, fraction 4b (445.9459%) with the solvent combination Chloroform:ethyl acetate (50:50) has the highest bleaching inhibition capacity while fraction 4a (81.08109%) has the lowest bleaching inhibition capacity. Fraction 2a (56.9565 mg/mL) has the highest phenolic content while fraction 6b (7.608669 mg/mL) has the lowest phenolic content. The assay for total flavonoid content showed that fraction 3a (145.71428 mg/mL) has the highest flavonoid content while fraction 8a (121.42857 mg/mL) has the lowest flavonoid content. The results for anti-lipid peroxidation increased with increasing extract concentration. Fraction 3b (55.732 mg/mL) with the solvent combination (chloroform 100:00) has the highest antioxidant capacity while fraction 6a (2.775 mg/mL) with the solvent combination of ethyl acetate: ethanol (50:50) has the lowest antioxidant activity. The correlation between total antioxidants capacity and total Phenolic content and that of antioxidant and flavonoid was found to be weak negative (r 2 =-2.058, r 2 =-0.024 respectively), while the correlation between phenolics and Betacarotene and that of the total antioxidant capacity and total flavonoid content was found to be weak positive (r 2 =0.245 and r 2 =0.313 respectively). The results of the analysis revealed that Phyllanthus amarus leaves contain significant nutritional components that are good for human health, such as flavonoids which is a subclass of the phytochemical, polyphenols. It is reasonable to conclude that fractions 2a and 2b has the highest antioxidant activities which have good potentials for drug development, especially against diseases of oxidative stress origin. Keywords: Antioxidant, Flavonoids, Phyllanthus amarus, Ethanol extract DOI: 10.7176/ALST/94-01 Publication date: August 31 st 2022

FORMULASI LOTION EKSTRAK DAUN Meistera chinensis SEBAGAI TABIR SURYA Meistera chinensis LEAF EXTRACT LOTION FORMULATION AS SUNSCREEN

Excessive sunlight can have a negative impact on skin health, but the bad effects of sunlight can be overcome by using sunscreen preparations. One of the natural ingredients that can be used in the manufacture of lotion sunscreenisleaf Meistera chinensis. Meistera chinensis is a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Previous research has stated that Zingiberaceae species such as Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) have one of the functions as antioxidants. This study aims to formulateleaves Meistera chinensis as sunscreen and determine the SPF value obtained. Leaf extract was Meistera chinensis extracted using maceration method using methanol as solvent. Physical evaluation tests, stability tests, and sunscreen activity were carried out at three concentrations, namely 1% (F1), 3% (F2) and 5% (F3) concentrations. The three formulations are pale green, green, and dark green in color, have a melon flavor and have a liquid and semi-solid texture, are homogeneous with an oil-in-water (W/A) emulsion type and meet the pH requirements of 6 and 7. The stability test results show that the three formulas do not stable because it is not homogeneous and there is a change in aroma after the cycling test. The SPF value increased along with the increase in extract concentration, namely 7.46 (extra protection), 14.12 (maximum protection), and 19.06 (ultra protection).
 Keywords: Extract, Leaf Meistera chinensis, Lotion, Sunscreen, SPF
 

Xylopia aethiopica EXTRACT AS GREEN AND ECO-FRIENDLY CORROSION INHIBITOR AND ITS QUANTUM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

This work examines the corrosion inhibitory behavior of Xylopia aethiopica stem bark and root bark extracts respectively on corrosion of mild steel in 2M HCl solution and their quantum chemical analysis using gravimetric technique and quantum computational modeling. The corrosion rates of the mild steel coupons in blank HCl solutions were found to increase with increase in concentration of the corrodent, period of immersion and rise in temperature. On the other hand, the corrosion rate decreased in the acid solution containing the test extracts and the decrease became more pronounced on increase in the concentrations of Xylopia aethiopica stem bark and root bark extracts respectively. The decrease in corrosion rate indicates that the extracts inhibited corrosion of mild steel in the acid solution and inhibition efficiency increased with increase in extract concentrations. The inhibition is attributed to adsorption of the test extract constituent molecules on the mild steel surface, forming a film layer that protects the metal surface from the corrodent. Results of quantum chemical computational analysis proved that, 3-dimethyl- 1-vinylcyclohexene among the constituent compounds of Xylopia aethiopica bark extract would be the most likely organic compound to share electrons with the metal surface for possible adsorption bond. The adsorption of the extract molecules on the mild steel surface fitted into Langmuir adsorption isotherm with slope values of 0.86 and 0.98 for Xylopia aethiopica root bark and stem bark extracts respectively, and regression correlation (R2) values of 1.0 and 0.99 for root and stem extracts respectively.

Cynodon dactylon L. extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in saline solution

Corrosion-induced loss of metal integrity is a serious industrial concern. One of the most reliable and cost-effective corrosion reduction solutions is corrosion inhibitor innovation. The aim of this investigation therefore, is to study the corrosion inhibition of Cynodon dactylon L (Bermuda grass) extract on mild steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The plant was extracted with 80% ethanol and different concentrations were tested at a temperature range of 30 to 60OC and for various immersion time ranging from 4 to 72 hours using gravimetric (Weight Loss) method. The results showed that Cynodon dactylon extract exhibited strong corrosion inhibition efficiency (97.78%.). The inhibition efficiency of the Cynodon dactylon extract increased with an increase of extract concentration and through the immersion periods but decreased with an increase of the temperature. The inhibitive effect could be attributed to the presence of some phytochemical compounds in the plant which were adsorbed on the surface of the mild steel.

Allelopathic effects of sesame extracts on seed germination of moso bamboo and identification of potential allelochemicals

The objectives of this study were to investigate the allelopathic effects of sesame extracts of on seed germination of moso bamboo, and to isolate and identify the potential allelochemicals. A factorial design with three organs (root, stem and leaf) and five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg mL−1) was carried out. Seeds of moso bamboo were soaked in sesame extracts to investigate their germination and growth. The allelochemicals were isolated and identified using the high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) system. The germination indices of the same organ decreased with the increase of extract concentrations, while the mean germination time increased, picking at the concentration of 100 mg mL−1. The radicle length and plumule length decreased, while the ratio of radicle length to plumule length increased. The allelopathy inhibition effect increased with the increase of extract concentrations, and it was significantly higher at the concentration of 100 mg mL−1 than that of 25 mg mL−1. The synthesis effect increased with the increase of extract concentrations, and it was significantly higher in leaf than root and stem. Chemical analyses identified 9 allelochemicals species (mostly phenolics and alkaloids) in the aqueous extracts. These results indicated that aqueous extracts of sesame caused the delay in seed germination and growth of moso bamboo, and phenolics and alkaloids in the aqueous extracts maybe the major reasons for the observed inhibition effects of sesame.

Development of MgO nanoparticles via green synthesis at varying concentrations of precursor and mahua flower extract

Green synthesis process has been developed to produce MgO nanoparticles using wet chemical method. In this process, Madhuca longifolia (M. longifolia) flower extracts has been used as a reducing and stabilizing agent and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate is used as a metal precursor. This study exhibits the effect of varied concentrations of metal precursors and flower extracts on the shape and size of the MgO nanoparticles. FTIR, UV vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDS and HRTEM analysis have been carried out to identify the functional groups involved in the reduction process, confirmation of MgO nanoparticles, morphological and elemental analysis of the MgO nanoparticles respectively. The results confirmed the presence of spherical MgO nanoparticles decorated over the surface of MgO microclusters. It is observed that the varying concentration of flower extracts and precursor have a profound effect on morphology of the nanoparticles resulting in the decrease in cluster size with the increase in extract concentration. The nanoparticles were also tested for the presence of antibacterial activity against the bacterial species of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Development and butyrylcholinesterase/monoamine oxidase inhibition potential of PVA-Berberis lycium nanofibers

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential inhibitory effect of montmorillonite (MMT)-reinforced, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) nanofibers loaded with root extract of Berberis lycium on monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO A and B) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) by using slightly modified Ellman’s test and Amplex Red monoamine oxidase assay, respectively. Enzyme inhibition studies of extract-loaded nanofibers showed significant inhibitory potential against MAO A, B, and BChE. There was an increase in enzyme inhibition with an increased extract concentration loaded to nanofibers. The fibers were characterized by TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffractometry), and FTIR (Fourier-transform infra-red) spectroscopy to investigate thermal stability, morphology, structural changes, and functional groups in the nanofibers, respectively. SEM results of fabricated nanofibers reflected the beadless and smooth morphology of nanofibers with the porous structure. The contact angle measurements of fabricated nanofibers showed suitable hydrophilicity of nanofibers. The nanofibers loaded with the root extract of Berberis lycium have been found to be potent inhibitors of MAO A, B, and the BChE enzyme.

Fabrication, characterization and antifungal evaluation of polyphenolic extract activated keratin starch coating on infected tomato fruits

In recent times, the application of protein-based bio-composite edible films in postharvest preservation of food and agricultural products is attracting increased attention due to their biodegradability, eco-friendliness and sustainability. In this study, an avocado pear peel polyphenolic extract enriched keratin-starch composite film was fabricated, characterized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against fungal infected tomato fruits after 6 days of storage at room (25 ± 2 °C) temperature. The SEM/EDX and FTIR results revealed the successful film formation with high degree of compatibility and homogeneity. Following a 6-day post-coating loss in weight of the coated tomato fruits decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing extract concentration while titratable acidity showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase with increasing extract load. Ascorbic acid and lycopene contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the avocado pear peel polyphenolic extract-loaded films. No significant effect was observed in catechol oxidase activity of the tomato extract across the different treatment groups. In addition, fungal growth inhibition showed a dose dependent increase consistent with avocado pear peel polyphenolic load in coated tomato fruits compared to control. Results obtained in this study showed that polyphenolic activated keratin-starch coating was able to reduce spoilage-induce weight loss as well as conserve the overall quality (including titratable acid levels, lycopene and ascorbic acid contents) of fungal-infected tomato fruit and reduce microbial growth. Therefore polyphenolic activated keratin-starch coating could serve as a sustainable and ecofriendly postharvest preservation method to prolong the shelf life of tomato fruits.

Bioprospecting of new Antarctic seaweed selective antitumor molecules: chemical characterization and in vitro analysis

BackgroundThe Antarctic continent exposes seaweeds to extreme environmental conditions, which may facilitate the production of novel metabolites. Algae represent a highly diverse group of little explored organisms. Thus, marine biomass has emerged as a possible source of new biologically active molecules for the treatment of diseases requiring novel therapeutic options. PurposeThe ultrasonic and Soxhlet extractions were used to evaluate chemical profiles and antitumor activities of Desmarestia anceps, Iridaea cordata, and Pyropia endiviifolia extracts using solvents of different polarity. MethodsChemical characterization of the extracts was performed using gas chromatography. The anticancer activities of the extracts were evaluated by exposing rat glioma (C6), human glioblastoma (U87), and human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cell lines to increasing extract concentrations (10–1000 µg mL−1) for 24 and 48 h. In parallel, rat astrocyte and human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) were treated under the same conditions to represent non-transformed cell controls, and permit tumor selectivity evaluations of the extracts. ResultsAn MTT assay was used to measure cell cytotoxicity. Hexane, chloroform, and ethanol extracts reduced glioma and lung cancer cell viability. The hexane and ethanol extracts of P. endiviifolia showed the best antiproliferative effect, decreasing glioma cell viability by 40% at 10 µg mL−1, and the chloroform extract reduced lung adenocarcinoma cell viability by 50% at 46 µg mL−1 after 24 h of treatment. None of the extracts affected the viability of non-transformed cells, as was observed in tumor cells. Fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and phthalate esters were the main compounds identified in the seaweed extracts. ConclusionsAntarctic seaweeds displayed selective antitumor activity against glioma and lung cancer cells, particularly the endemic red alga P. endiviifolia. Therefore, these algae could play an important role as novel prototype molecule source for oncology drug development.

Development and characterization of elephant foot yam starch based pH‐sensitive intelligent biodegradable packaging

AbstractIn the present study, biodegradable intelligent films (pH indicators) were developed using elephant foot yam starch and Xanthan gum in the combination of red cabbage (RC, anthocyanins) and Beetroot (BR, betalain) (10% to 40%). Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum confirmed that the increase in extract concentration did not affect the chemical bonding, but it decreased the film's moisture content, water activity, and solubility. The addition of extract increased the phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of the film. The film showed an excellent response (color change) for different pH levels, and the color transition from purple to deep pink in the acidic medium and purple to green in the basic medium was observed for RC films. However, the color transition for BR films was from red to brown in the acidic medium and from red to yellow in the acidic medium, hence it can be used as spoilage indicates for different food products.

Study on preparation and properties of edible carrageenan-garlic extract composite film

In order to prepare edible cling film with anti-oxidation and anti-bacteria properties, in this study, a new functional food packaging film was prepared using carrageenan (CA) and garlic extract (GE) as raw materials, then based on identification of morphological and structural characteristics, anti-oxidation analysis and anti-bacteria analysis methods were used to study the optical properties and physical and chemical characteristics of the film materials. Results indicate that the addition of garlic extract has affected the micro-structure and mechanical properties of composite film, where the DPPH free radical scavenging rate significantly increases with the increase of extract concentration. In addition, the film with the mass concentration of 3% has a better anti-oxidation effect and the diameter of inhibition zone increases with the increase of extract concentration. In short, the addition of garlic extract improves the biological activity of carrageenan film, having provided a theoretical basis for the production of garlic extract-carrageenan composite film.

Allelopathic activity of Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. on the physiological potential of seeds of Amburana cearensis Allem.

The adoption of agroforestry systems or reforestation programs contributes to the economy of a region in a sustainable way, since the adopted species can be exploited by the cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries. For the establishment of plant species in a given area, studies are needed on the interaction that can develop between them, with emphasis on research on allelopathy. Given the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of the native species Piptadenia moniliformis on the initial development of the forest species Amburana cearensis. The aqueous extract was used at different concentrations. (0 - water, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), adopting a completely randomized design. The following characteristics were evaluated: emergence percentage, emergence speed index, mean emergence time, shoot and root length and total shoot, root and total dry part of normal seedlings. The 100% concentration of the aqueous extract of P. moniliformis leaves reduced the emergence percentage of A. cearensis seedlings. A smaller number of normal seedlings was observed at concentrations of 75 and 100%. The initial development of seedlings was hampered by the increase in extract concentrations. The aqueous extract of fresh leaves of P. moniliformis provides a negative allelopathic effect for both emergence and early development of A. cearensis seedlings, therefore intercropped cultivation among the forest species is not recommended.

CORROSION INHIBITION CHARACTERISTICS OF Vernonia Amygdalina STEM EXTRACTS ON MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIUM

The corrosion inhibition characteristics of Vernonia Amygdalina stem extracts was carried out using gravimetric technique on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl acid solution at temperature ranges of 303 to 333 K. While the mechanism of corrosion inhibition through suspected adsorption was determined by fitting the corrosion inhibition data into the Langmuir and Temkins isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters were also mathematically determined. The results obtained exhibited good corrosion inhibition properties. The weight loss and corrosion rate of mild steel in the presence of the extract inhibitor decreased with increased extract concentration. Temperature increase, increased weight loss and consequent corrosion rate. Comparatively, the extract directly improved corrosion inhibition efficiency with extract concentration and time. The recorded low corrosion inhibition efficiency values of 52.55 percent of 5.0 g/L extract at 303 K was attributed to short measurement time interval. The isotherms data attributed the corrosion inhibition mechanism to adsorption. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm reveals that the surface of the mild steel was not uniform, whereas the Temkins isotherm reveals that repulsion on the adsorbent surface. Thermodynamically, the negative ∆Gads signifies that the Vernonia amygdalina stem extract adsorption on mild steel was a spontaneous process while lower negative ∆Gads values indicates physiosorptive process. Interestingly, the Vernonia amygdalina stem extract increased the activation energy Ea confirming its ability slow down corrosion.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Indonesian nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans Houtt): A topical gel formulation

Herbal medicines have been shown as anti-inflammatory with potentially lesser side effects. The active compound of nutmeg seed is proven to accelerate the healing process of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the gel formulation of Indonesian nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) seed extract for anti-inflammatory activity. A true experimental post test only with control group design was used in this study. The gel was formulated with various concentrations of nutmeg seed extract, namely formulations F1 (0%), F2 (2%), F3 (4%), F4 (8 %), and F5 (12%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the least significant difference (LSD) methods were performed with SPSS version 22. The results showed that all formulas had an opaque physical appearance, brownish-yellow color, soft texture, and aromatic odor. The increase of extract concentration in gel formula will affect the adhesion and spreadability. F5 showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity compared to other groups. This formula was generally identified as having a good physical appearance, homogeneity, and stability with a pH value of 6.16±0.24, adhesiveness of 51.12±0.15 sec, and a spreadability of 19.54±0.12 cm2. Therefore, Indonesian nutmeg has the potential to be well-acceptable as a candidate for topical anti-inflammatory agents in global health benefits.

Effect of Acacia saligna (Labill.) Wendl. extracts on seed germination and seedling performance of three native Mediterranean shrubs

ABSTRACT Invasive exotic species are an ongoing cause of native biodiversity degradation, and allelopathy may assist in the degradation process. We studied the allelopathic potential of leaf and root aqueous extracts of Acacia saligna (Labill.) Wendl. in the early settlement of three native Mediterranean shrubs (Astragalus armatus Willd., Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb & Berthel., and Helianthemum kahiricum Del.). Aqueous extracts were applied at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. For all three test species, increasing extract concentrations significantly increased the inhibition of seed germination and shoot and root elongation and gradually decreased seedling performance; the decreasing values of relative water content and F v /F m indicated that the plants had been exposed to stress. The leaf aqueous extracts of A. saligna were significantly more phytotoxic than the root aqueous extracts, even at the lowest concentration (5%). Fabaceae species had significantly less growth inhibition than Cistaceae species. The results from this study suggest that A. saligna has strong allelopathic potential, which emphasizes the importance of reducing its allelopathic effects and developing effective management strategies for mitigating invasion risk and protecting native species in Mediterranean arid environments.

Investigation of the anti-parasitic effect of the water extract of Thymbra spicata on Acanthamoeba castellani (L.) trophozoites and cysts

This study aimed to determine the anti-parasitic activity of the water extract obtained from Thymbra spicata (L.). The plant material was extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extract was then fractionated with water and chloroform. The water phase was frozen and freeze-dried. Afterward, this extract was applied on A. castellani trophozoites and cysts at various concentrations, and the viability rates were determined by counting under the microscope. At the end of the experimental process, it was determined that there was a strong correlation between the increasing extract concentration and the anti-parasitic effect. T. spicata extract was not effective enough to neutralize all cysts at any of the concentrations examined. T. spicata extract, at concentrations of 16.0 and 32.0 mg/ml, removed all trophozoites in the medium from the 24th h of the experiment. Based on this result, it was determined that the plant species evaluated here could be used to treat A. castellani infections. It will be possible to achieve a good effect on the cyst forms of the parasite species by testing higher extract concentrations, which cannot be evaluated during the experimental process. In addition, with advanced analyzes, it will be possible to reveal the chemical substance responsible for the activity in the plant species in question and to perform further analyzes on this substance.

Natural Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Characteristics of Tribulus terrestris Plant Extract on Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid Environment

Corrosion inhibitive and adsorption capabilities of Tribulus terrestris plant extract on aluminum in 1.0 N HCl solution was evaluated by mass loss and electrochemical methods. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing extract concentration, whereas it decreased with increasing immersion time. The adsorption of the extract on the metal surface was physisorption, supported by ΔGads values( around -20 kJ mol−1) and obeyed by Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Electrochemical studies revealed mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition like Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated the nature of inhibitor is a mixed type and impedance studies supported the formation of a protective layer of inhibitor on a metal surface. SEM micrograms were also applied to study surface morphology. These images confirmed the creation of a protective film over the metal surface.

THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC STUDIES OF THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL IN 0.5 M HCl USING NAPOLEONAE IMPERIALIS LEAVES EXTRACT.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of the inhibitory behaviour of Napoleonae imperialis leaves extract on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5MHCl solution were examined using gravimetric technique at different concentrations of the extract and temperatures (303, 313 and 323 K). Results show that increase in extract concentration and temperature increased the inhibition efficiency of the extract. However, inhibition efficiency decreased with time of immersion of the mild steel coupons. Activation energy of adsorption values obtained at different extract concentrations were positive at all concentrations but higher than that of the blank. Thermodynamic and kinetic data obtained conform to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mechanism suggests physisorptive adsorption process and aligned with the first order kinetics. The highest extract concentration (2.5g/l) showed maximum inhibition efficiency of 84.15% at 323K. The overall results suggest that the leaves extract of Napoleonae imperialis acts as a good inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5MHCl solutions.

Antioxidant, cytotoxicity and phytochemical analysis of Larinus maculates F. cocoon aqueous extract against lung cancer

Cocoon of larva Larinus maculates F. from Curculionidae family (Echinops species), locally in Iraq known as Tihan, is one of traditional folk medicine used in the treatment of diversity respiratory system and fever. This study was carried out to assess the bioactive component and the antioxidant capability of aqueous beetle cocoon extract (Larinus maculates F.) along with its possible cytotoxic activity against A549 lung cancer cell line. For phytochemical analysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used, and to detected free scavenging activity 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used. To determine the cytotoxicity in the cancer cell line 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-z-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) was used; peripheral blood monolayer cells (PBMCs) was used as a normal cell. GC-MS analysis identified the presence of 9 phytochemical components. DPPH results suggested a promising antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent, the best antioxidant potential was at 600 μg.ml−1 concentration. Cytotoxic activity results showed that the increase in extract concentration decreases the cell viability, at 50 μg.ml−1 concentration the percentage of viability was (86.76±0.87) where at 200 μg.ml−1 the cell viability was (56.44±0.91) μg.ml−1 Taken together, the results showed that larva cocoon of Larinus maculates F. extract has an important phyto-molecule with great potent antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity against lung cell line A549..

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous Extract of Lythrum Salicaria

Introduction: The spread of drug-resistant pathogenic strains and the increase of free radicals in food sources are major health problems worldwide. The side effects of chemical drugs have led the researchers to use natural products. In this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of leaf extract of Lythrum Salicaria have been investigated. Methods: This research was a basic experimental study. The aqueous extract of Lythrum Salicaria leaf was prepared by maceration method. Antimicrobial effects of the extract were evaluated by disk diffusion method. The antioxidant properties of extract were determined by DPPH and iron reducing power methods. In addition, the amounts of phenol, flavonoid and flavonol were assayed by Folin-ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Data were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 16 software. Results: All of the studied strains were sensitive to the aqueous extract of Lythrum Salicaria leaf except E. coli. The mean zones of inhibition were due to the extracts on the tested bacteria obtained in ranging from 12.67 to 24.67 mm. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the mean diameters of growth inhibition zone and increased extract concentrations (P &lt; 0.001). The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total flavonol content values of extract were determined as 36.53 ± 1.27 mg gallic acid per gram extract, 5.2 ± 0.4 mg quercetin per gram extract and 20.8 ± 0.95 quercetin per gram extract, respectively. Conclusion: Extract of Lythrum Salicaria can be a good alternative to common antibiotics resistant. The acceptable antioxidant effects of the Lythrum Salicaria extract can be introduced it as an inhibitor of diabetes and cancer.