Increase In Electricity Production Research Articles

Water of the Nile. Present. Past. Future

Hydropolitics has become an important component of international relations both in North Africa and in the countries south of the Sahara. The most prominent example is the disputes between Egypt and Ethiopia over the distribution and management of the Nile’s waters. Approximately 3/4 of the Nile’s water originates from the Ethiopian Highlands, and the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile is seen by Ethiopia as its sovereign right. The goal is to increase electricity production in this very poor country to boost the economy and address social issues. Egypt, on the other hand, relies on the Nile for 97% of its water supply. Its agriculture is based on irrigated farming, and the hydroelectric station of the Aswan High Dam contributes significantly to the country’s economy. The construction and filling of the Ethiopian dam have led to high tensions between Cairo and Addis Ababa. Numerous negotiations have reached an impasse. In 2024, the conflict expanded to the Horn of Africa. Egypt, alongside Eritrea, began supporting the internationally recognized government of Somalia, while Ethiopia established cooperation with the breakaway region of Somaliland. So far, the confrontation has not escalated to the use of military force.

THE PERFORMANCE AND ADVANCED COOLING TECHNIQUES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANELS

The high performance of the photovoltaic cell requires proper and efficient cooling because the electrical efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is affected by the operating temperature. Providing a suitable operating environment for the photovoltaic cell at a low temperature is necessary, which can be achieved using devices with highly effective thermal performance in which heat is transferred from the cell to the external surroundings via pulsating heat pipes, and this process leads to significant energy generation and the best efficiency of the photovoltaic unit. In this work, we use pulsating heat pipes with copper fins to achieve adequate cooling of the cell and make it operate at the best temperature, leading to a higher photovoltaic cell efficiency. The metal used for the pulsating heat pipes is copper, which has high conductivity needed to increase performance. The study showed that pulsating heat pipes are the most suitable options for cooling the photovoltaic cell, which leads to increasing its efficiency and increasing electricity production.

Techno-economic analysis of geothermal combined with direct and biomass-based carbon dioxide removal for high-temperature hydrothermal systems

Limiting global temperature rise to between 1.5 and 2 °C will likely require widespread deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to offset sectors with hard-to-abate emissions. As financial resources for decarbonization are finite, strategic deployment of CDR technologies is essential for maximizing atmospheric CO2 reductions. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), using either direct air capture (DACCS) or bioenergy (BECCS) technologies has a particular synergy with geothermal electricity generation. This is because expensive geothermal infrastructure can be leveraged to transport dissolved CO2 for storage in subsurface reservoirs.Here, we present a techno-economic comparison of renewable electricity generation coupled with either BECCS or DACCS at high-temperature, low-gas hydrothermal systems. We use a systems model that quantifies energy, carbon and financial flows through a generic hybrid power plant. At a CO2 market price of $100/tonne, the geothermal-BECCS system has a lower median cost of electricity generation ($88/MWh) than geothermal-DACCS ($181/MWh) and conventional geothermal ($89/MWh).Geothermal-BECCS also had the lowest costs of overall emissions abatement, $122/tCO2, accounting for carbon removal and assuming displacement of fossil-fuel generation. Abatement costs are even lower, $45/tCO2, for BECCS retrofit of existing geothermal plants, owing to discounted costs of pre-existing injection wells, steam fields, and plant equipment.For a case study based on a geothermal field in New Zealand's Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ), we determined that achieving CDR rates of 1 MtCO2/year via new geothermal-BECCS builds would require 62 standard geothermal wells and 790 kt/year of feedstock and result in 511 MWe in installed capacity. In contrast, geothermal-DACCS would need 49 wells and no external fuel source to achieve 1 MtCO2/year scale but result in only 190 MWe in installed capacity. Both pathways are calculated to require similar upfront investment costs at $2.2 billion and $2.3 billion for geothermal-BECCS and geothermal-DACCS respectively.Although geothermal-DACCS removes CO2 at high rates, its high parasitic load increases the overall decarbonization cost ($187/tCO2). In contrast, when biomass hybridization is considered, geothermal-BECCS has a lower cost of emissions abatement and produces 20 % more electricity than the benchmark geothermal plant. We conclude that this increase in electricity production makes geothermal-BECCS the more cost-effective geothermal-based CDR configuration. Finally, we argue that revenues from net-negative CO2 emissions and increased power production make geothermal-CDR a cost-competitive decarbonization technology.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Coaxial HTS HVAC Transmission Cables with Critical Current Grading between Phases Using the OSCaR Tool

In recent years, the scientific and industrial interest regarding alternative technologies for transmission cables has increased. These conductors should efficiently transmit significant amounts of power between grid nodes, which are expected to be particularly congested due to the projected global increase in electricity production. Superconducting cables are considered a promising solution in this context, offering the potential to transmit large amounts of energy with minimal losses and compact dimensions, thereby potentially benefiting the environment. To evaluate the feasibility of integrating superconducting cables into existing grids, techno-economic approaches should be adopted. Such techniques enable the conceptual design of a specific cable structure, allowing users to explore a wide range of operating parameters to derive optimal designs. This paper reports a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) cables realized with High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tapes, with the aim to transmit extremely high-power level. The optimal coaxial design is selected using Optimization Tool for Superconducting Cable Research (OSCaR) by implementing a graded approach to the critical current of the HTS tapes used for the different phases. This optimization aims to achieve the most effective balance between the cost of the coated conductors and their electrical properties. The whole set of model equations, the user-defined parameters, and the applied constraints are detailed. The OSCaR tool is then applied to assess the impact on the optimized design of the cable system and the corresponding cost indexes of several crucial parameters, such as the maximum transmitted power, the voltage level, and the line length.

Optimization of reservoir release operation using genetic algorithm method

Genetic Algorithms (GA) are highly effective in optimizing hydropower release parameters, identifying global optima in complex systems, and adapting to varying circumstances, making them ideal for managing hydropower conditions. This study employs GA to optimize hydropower release at Wonorejo Reservoir, Indonesia, aiming to balance power generation with flood control, irrigation, and environmental sustainability. The application of GA improved operational efficiency, resulting in a 10.24 % increase in electricity production. Notably, during the rainy season, the improvement was 27.3 % higher than in the dry season, highlighting GA responsiveness to seasonal variations. These findings demonstrate GA potential as a valuable tool for reservoir management.

Mathematical modelling of using renewable energy in the power sectors for the sustainable environment

Currently, human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are one of the main causes of global warming. Burning fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and gas) have become a climate change due to the uptake of heat-trapping gases. A lot of $CO_2$ is produced from this, which helps in the creation of greenhouse gases. On the other hand, global electricity demand has been rising for decades, such to rising populations, increasing industrialization, and higher incomes. The power sector is the biggest source of carbon dioxide emissions because of fossil fuel, the main source of energy used for power generation all over the world that’s why climate change as well as increased global warming. Therefore, most countries have set targets for the use of renewable energy (RE) to reduce their electricity and need for energy and carbon emissions. In this study, RE is used to keep the environment sustainable, where the system of ODEs has been formed using different types of parameters to analyze the mathematical structure of four variables associated with RE. Positivity test, stability analysis, and bifurcation analysis are examined to prove the truth for the sustainability of the environment. The model plays a special role in increasing electricity production and reducing greenhouse gases in the environment. This study emphasizes the significance of employing RE in the power sector for environmental sustainability.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СВІТОВОГО ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО РИНКУ: ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article examines the development of the world energy sector. It identifies new trends that are determined by the growth of integration processes, intensification of inter-fuel competition in the energy market, progress in the application of advanced technologies, production of new energy resources, the emergence of routes formed to establish a more successful mechanism for their transportation, and increased energy awareness. The article also notes that current trends are aimed at making electricity not only economically affordable but also environmentally friendly. A significant increase in electricity production in 2023 was observed, which led to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions both in the global electricity sector and in individual countries. Based on an analysis of the dynamics of global energy supply, the author identifies an increase in renewable energy sources (wind, solar, etc.) compared to previous years. It is shown that many countries, seeking to ensure energy security, make nuclear energy an important part of their energy strategies. Notwithstanding the fact that some countries are gradually abandoning nuclear power or decommissioning plants ahead of schedule, it is predicted that nuclear generation will grow by an average of almost 3% per year until 2026. The global energy market is influenced by a multitude of factors, both primary and secondary, which collectively aim to guarantee the stability and reliability of the energy supply system. These factors also serve to determine the extent to which a country can be considered to have achieved an adequate level of energy security. The energy sector in Ukraine, which is particularly vulnerable due to the introduction of martial law in the country since February 2022, is therefore susceptible to fluctuations in the global energy market.

Investigation on the Possibility of Improving the Performance of a Silicon Cell Using Selected Dye Concentrator

There are many opportunities to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. These include solutions such as tracking mechanisms, hybrid systems or dye concentrators. Importantly, their implementation can reduce the number of silicon cells in installations, leading to reduced environmental impact. The principle of a dye concentrator is to focus sunlight onto the surface of PV modules, increasing electricity production. In this study, the potential for increased PV cell efficiency is investigated using a selected dye concentrator—tinted and luminescent acrylic glass (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) in yellow and red colors. The experiment included multiple measurement calibrations, such as the temperature of the silicon cell under test and the irradiation, as well as different variants of PV systems consisting of a silicon cell and different types of PMMA. Overall, the results show an increase in PV cell performance and the dependence of the increase on the type of PMMA used. The most favorable of the PV systems tested appeared to be the combination of a PV cell with a red luminescent PV, for which an average efficiency improvement of 1.21% was obtained.

Analysis of Brayton Cycle Efficiency at 100 MW Load Before and After Overhaul of Unit 1 Block 1 At PLTGU PT. PLN Nusantara Power Up Gresik

Electricity is one of the most important needs in everyday life due to technological advances. So various efforts are needed to increase electricity production, one way is to build a power plant that can produce productive electricity so that this happens, one way to determine electricity productivity is the value of cycle efficiency. If the value of the cycle efficiency is higher in a generator, then the PLTG performance will be maximized. And if the cycle efficiency value gets smaller, it can be said that the PLTG's performance is not good. Therefore, to maintain PLTG performance, it is necessary to carry out an overhaul to maintain optimal PLTG performance. In this study using cycle efficiency to determine the increase in efficiency before and after overhaul at a load of 100 MW and the causes, after analyzing the efficiency of the brayton cycle increased from 41% to 42%, the cause was a decrease in turbine efficiency from 74 to 91% and compressor efficiency from 73 to 82% after overhaul the increase affected fuel consumption so that the requirement of kcal/kwh decreased to 3196.4 kcal/ Kwh

Biohydrogen production from solar and wind assisted AF-MEC coupled with MFC, PEM electrolysis of [formula omitted] and [formula omitted] fuel cell for small-scale applications

Small-scale biohydrogen production is a promising option to reduce GHG emissions for a sustainable H2 economy. Thus, solar and wind aided AF-MEC and MFC coupled with the electrolysis of H2O and a H2 fuel cell were developed. The integrated system uses a microwave oven for digestate pretreatment, and solar or wind energy sources to operate the electrical units. The results show that thermal pretreatment of AF digestate facilitated enzymes’ activities, while the highest energy efficiency recorded in MFC was attributed to the use of AF-MEC by-products as feedstock. The generated electricity by MFC in addition to solar or wind energy systems reduced the overall cost by eliminating AF-MEC separation and purification units for biohydrogen recovery. Renewable energy-powered PEMEC produced H2 and O2 and PEMFC generated electricity for the developed system in the absence of wind and sunlight. Energy efficiency >68.6% and H2 selling price <$5/kg which is cheaper than single electrolysis of H2O unit were recorded with a minimal CO2 by-product. By-product CO2 capture is recommended for an increase in electricity production from the MFC unit. In terms of service life and energy required for manufacturing, this developed system for energy conversation and storage outperforms lithium batteries by >10% efficiency.

RES growth linked to grid development. Case Study: Romania

The paper presents Romania to illustrate how more production capacities from renewable energy sources can be integrated as part of the environmental protection and geostrategic policies, in an accelerated energy transition process. Increasing electricity production, especially for the widespread development of wind turbines and rooftop solar PV systems, requires the development of the electrical grid and increased interconnection capacity. The authors of this report also take into account the behavior in different seasons, cold and warm, in terms of the amount of renewable energy injected into the network. The data used in the study is based on the interpreting and associations of various information at the national and European levels, highlighting that the benefits of renewable energy are not only seen in terms of significant reductions in environmental impact but also in terms of cheaper energy! In summary, it is assumed that in 2023-2026, the electricity demand at the level of quality indicators will be covered by investments in new generation facilities related to grid reinforcement measures.

Rapid Assessment of Effectiveness Pump Storage Power Plant of Jatiluhur Reservoir

The reliable discharge calculation for forecasting discharge entering the Jatiluhur Reservoir uses the Thomas Fierring method. In this study, a rapid assessment was carried out on the effectiveness of the PSPP in the Jatiluhur Reservoir in 2040 by also considering changes in water demand downstream of Jatiluhur in 2040. A pumped storage power plant (PSPP) is a renewable energy storage medium for electrical energy. A rapid assessment was carried out on the calculation of the energy and volume produced with the operational hours, the condition of the reservoir being full (+ 106.5 m) and the condition of the reservoir approaching the minimum operating limit (+ 90 m). Based on the study’s results, PSPP at the Jatiluhur Reservoir will produce additional electrical energy of 2,180,763 kWh with a water volume requirement of 6,669,000 m3/day and operational is 2,85 hours. The operational of PSPP will reduce the Water High Level (WHL) of the Jatiluhur Reservoir by 0.12 m (full-time condition) and 0.15 m (minimum operating limit reservoir condition). With the PSPP, it is known that the Jatiluhur Reservoir can still operate normally so that the PSPP can increase electricity production without significantly reducing the WHL and volume of the Jatiluhur Reservoir.

Renewable Energy in Islamic Countries: A Research Map

This research aims to examine the development of research on the topic of Renewable energy in Islamic countries and research plans that can be carried out based on journals published with that theme. This research uses a qualitative method with a bibliometric analysis approach. The data used are secondary data sourced from the Scopus database, with a total of 46 journal articles. Then, the data is processed and analyzed using the VosViewer application with the aim of understanding the bibliometric map of research development. The results of the research found in the bibliometric author mapping that the authors who have published the most research on the theme of Renewable energy in Islamic countries are Latip, Normah Abdul; Karim, Rehmat; Marzuki, Azizan; and Aurko, Shafquat Yasar. Furthermore, based on bibliometric keyword mapping, there are 4 clusters that can be research pathways related to (1)Islamic finance and renewable energy in Islamic countries, (2)increasing electricity production capacity and renewable energy in Islamic countries, (3)energy consumption and renewable energy in Islamic countries, and (4)economic growth and renewable energy in Islamic countries.

Review of Micro- and Nanobubble Technologies: Advancements in Theory and Applications and Perspectives on Adsorption Cooling and Desalination Systems

Adsorption refrigerators are a compelling ecological alternative to compressor refrigerators; global warming forces us to constantly look for alternative sources of energy and cold. Cold production in adsorption chillers is based on the use of heat generated by other processes running in the company. Waste heat from production processes, which has, until now, been irretrievably lost, is a potential source of energy for generating cold via an adsorption unit producing chilled water. Cooling optimizes the use of the heating network in summer and can lead to increased electricity production while reducing heat supply losses. Thus far, attempts to implement adsorption refrigerators for widespread use have not been successful as a result of the low efficiency of these devices; this is directly related to the poor heat and mass transfer conditions in the beds and heat exchangers of adsorption refrigerators. The solutions used so far, such as new working pairs, glued beds or modifications to the structure or cycle length, are still not strong enough for these devices. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new solutions. Using micro- and nanobubbles as media to increase mass and heat transfer in refrigerators is an innovative and pioneering solution. Thus, this document describes the most important features of micro- and nanobubble technology applications in adsorption refrigerators. This article is an introduction and a basis for the implementation of further research, consolidating the existing literature as a review.

Thermodynamic investigation of a novel organic Rankine cycle including partial evaporation, dual-phase expander, flash tank, dry expander and recuperator for waste heat recovery

The optimum exploitation of low-grade waste heat sources is a critical issue for producing clean electricity and promoting sustainability. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an emerging technology to produce electricity exploiting various energy sources like waste heat recovery, solar irradiation and geothermal energy. The present work suggests a novel ORC architecture that combines different solutions for increasing electricity production from low-grade waste heat sources (e.g., industrial waste heat up to 200 °C). More specifically, the present cycle includes the solution of partial evaporation, dual-phase expansion, flash tank separator, dry expander and recuperator. All these concepts together create a global optimal design which is examined with the environmentally friendly working fluid R1233zd(E). The present work examines the suggested ORC parametrically, and then the design is optimized. According to the results, the present novel configuration was found to outperform compared to the trilateral cycle, classical ORC without superheating, flash tank cycle, and partial evaporation ORC, for waste heat stream temperatures from 80 °C up to 200 °C. Furthermore, the analysis for the novel systems proved that the optimal system energy efficiency was found to range from 2.3% for Tin = 80 °C up to 13.3% for Tin = 200 °C, while the respective exergy efficiency from 27.3% for Tin = 80 °C up to 62.5% for Tin = 200 °C.

Multi-Objective Decision-Making Tool for Envelope Energy Retrofitting Measures of Gated Community Housing in Egypt

Due to climate change, Egypt has recently suffered from recurring electricity crises. Despite efforts made to increase electricity production in Egypt, recently, in the summer months, the energy demand has increased at unprecedented rates, especially in the housing sector. Therefore, the government and homeowners should work together to improve the energy performance of residential buildings. This paper aimed to develop a decision-making tool that helps homeowners choose optimal energy retrofit measures that suit their priorities. The study began with the data-collection and case study selection. Then, the thermal evaluation of the base case for dwellings in the case study was conducted through simulation runs using the DesignBuilder v7.1 software. Then, the optimal envelope energy retrofitting measures were determined, followed by a retrofitting-measure scenario simulation process. Then, the payback periods were calculated for all scenarios, and the tool database was developed using an Excel spreadsheet. Finally, the user interface for envelope energy retrofitting measures for gated communities (EERMGCs) tool was designed by Visual Basic for Applications. EERMGCs, the tool developed in this paper, is a simple, multi-objective and interactive tool that provides the optimal envelope retrofit measures according to user priorities, either a specific budget, the shortest payback period, the lowest possible costs, or the highest energy saving rate. The outcome of this research is developing a framework that can be considered a basis for developing decision-making tools for gated community housing in Egypt.

Winter-time pollution in Central European cities shifts the 208Pb/207Pb isotope ratio of atmospheric PM2.5 to higher values: Implications for lead source apportionment

Atmospheric lead pollution has adverse health effects on humans. Identification of anthropogenic Pb sources is thus crucial for understanding of pollution-related risks and for formulation of efficient abatement strategies. We analyzed concentrations and isotope ratios of Pb in fine air-borne particulate matter (PM2.5) in three Central European cities. Aerosol sampling in 12-h intervals was performed during summer and winter in Hradec Králové, Olomouc and Brno, regional centers of highly industrialized Czech Republic, each with a population of more than 90 thousand. Lead analysis was complemented with concentration measurements of Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Sb, and S. Trace element and PM2.5 concentrations were higher in winter than in summer in all studied cities, on average by 47%. The overall mean concentration of PM2.5 in urban air was 21 μg m−3, similar to that in Bern (Switzerland) and Vienna (Austria). Across the sites, 206Pb/207Pb ratios ranged from 1.142 to 1.178 in summer and from 1.143 to 1.173 in winter. The mean 206Pb/207Pb ratios were statistically indistinguishable in all three studied cities (1.165 in Hradec Králové, 1.163 in Olomouc, and 1.160 in Brno). In the 206Pb/207Pb vs.208Pb/207Pb graph, Pb isotope composition of summer samples formed a straight line, whereas Pb isotope composition of winter samples was shifted toward higher 208Pb/207Pb ratios. A Pb isotope inventory of regional pollution sources indicated that winter-time Pb pollution was not caused solely by household heating and increased electricity production in coal-burning power plants. Recycling of industrial Pb originating from Variscan ores and waste incineration could have shifted the 208Pb/207Pb ratio of PM2.5 to higher values, however, such sources do not emit more Pb in winter than in summer. Remobilization of legacy alkyl-Pb from gasoline additives and Pb emissions from current unleaded gasoline and diesel could have shifted both Pb isotope ratios to lower values.

Mampukah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Mendorong Green Economy untuk Indonesia?

Attention to the negative impact of economic growth on the environment has emerged in the green economy paradigm. The utilization of hydropower can achieve green energy as part of green econony. To analyze the role of hydropower in driving Indonesia's green energy, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was employed. The results show that increased electricity production from hydropower will reduce environmental damage. Meanwhile, the use of fossil fuels will harm the environment for short and long periods. Indonesia is still in a scale of effect because environmental damage indicated by CO2 emission continuously increases due to economic activities. In addition, there is a bidirectional relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions. This means that Indonesia needs a sustainable economic growth. In addition, there is a bidirectional relationship between electricity production from hydropower and CO2 emissions. At the same time, a unidirectional causality presents from GDP to electricity production from hydropower, coal consumption to GDP, and consumption of oil and natural gas to CO2 emissions. The Indonesian government needs to establish policies which reduces consumption of fossil fuels, increases the investors’s interest in renewable energy, and expands the economic capacity to reach the expected turning point of the economic growth.

National and Regional Economic Impacts of changes in Germany's electricity mix: A dynamic analysis through 2050

To meet the net zero emission target by 2045, Germany has planned to phase out coal from electricity production by 2038 and increase electricity production from alternative sources through technological advancements. We examine the impacts of related measures on CO2 emissions, electricity security, and economic output at national and regional levels using a regionalized dynamic computable general equilibrium model. Our results reveal that phasing out coal from the electricity mix reduces electricity generation and increases imports but only slightly reduces electricity supply and economic output. The reduction in CO2 emissions in Germany is significant but insufficient to reach the 2045 net zero emission target. Additional technology advancements in alternative electricity productions accompanying the phase-out may have limited effects on the supply of electricity, economic outputs, and CO2 emissions.

An autoregressive distributed lag approach for estimating the nexus between CO2 emissions and economic determinants in Pakistan.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become a critical aspect of the economic and sustainable development indicators of every country. In Pakistan, where there is a substantial increase in the population, industrialization, and demand for electricity production from different resources, the fear of an increase in CO2 emissions cannot be ignored. This study explores the link that betwixt CO2 emissions with different significant economic indicators in Pakistan from 1960 to 2018 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modelling technique. We implemented the covariance proportion, coefficient of determination, the Durbin Watson D statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), variance inflating factor (VIF), the Breusch-Pagan test, the Theil's inequality, the root mean quare error (RMSE), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the mean absolute error (MAE) for the diagnostics, efficiency, and validity of our model. Our results showed a significant association between increased CO2 emissions and increased electricity production from oil, gas, and other sources. An increase in electricity production from coal resources was seen to have resulted in a decrease in CO2 emissions. We observed that an increase in the gross domestic product (GDP) and population growth significantly contributed to the increased CO2 emissions. The increment in CO2 emissions resulting from industrial growth was not significant. The increment in CO2 emissions in the contemporary year is significantly associated with the preceding year's increase. The rate of increase was very alarming, a sign that no serious efforts have been channelled in this regard to reduce this phenomenon. We call for policy dialogue to devise energy-saving and CO2 emission reduction strategies to minimize the impact of climate change on industrialization, population growth, and GDP growth without deterring economic and human growth. Electricity production from different sources with no or minimal CO2 emissions should be adopted. We also recommend rigorous tree planting nationwide to help reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere as well as environmental pollution.