Increase In Total Cholesterol Research Articles

Synergistic Hypolipidemic and Immunomodulatory Activity of Lactobacillus and Spirulina platensis

Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to investigate hypolipidemic effects of Lactobacillus, Spirulina and their combination on Swiss albino mice fed a regular or high-cholesterol diet. Rosuvastatin was used as a reference drug The highest body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C and the lowest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were recorded in a positive control group (G5). Treatment with Lactobacillus or Spirulina or by their combination resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, TC, TG, LDL-C and significant increase in HDL-C (p < 0.05) in both mice fed a regular diet or high-cholesterol diet. The treatments induced a significant increase in Hb, MCHC and HCT levels in mice fed a regular diet (p < 0.05). They did not induce a significant effect on these parameters in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, while treatment with standard rosuvastatin induced a significant decrease in these parameters (p < 0.05). The treatments induced a significant increase in the platelet count and WBC number in mice fed a regular diet p < 0.05), while they induced significant decrease in these parameters in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet p < 0.05. They also stimulated the innate immunity represented by both monocyte and neutrophil cells in mice fed a regular diet, while this immunity was reduced in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. It also caused a marked reduction in inflammation and an improvement in the congestion of cardiac tissues, the aorta, and the spleen. The treatment of hyperlipidemic mice with combination of Lactobacillus and Spirulina gave similar results to those obtained with treatment by rosuvastatin.

The Relationship Between Lipid Profile and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

To determine the relationship between lipid profile and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents. A comparative cross-sectional study. Department of Pediatrics, Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, from March 2018 to April 2021. Clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings of 290 children and adolescents diagnosed with obesity were analysed. Children and adolescents were divided into two groups as those who were diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasonography (USG) and those who did not were diagnosed. Two groups were compared in terms of clinical and biochemical findings. The body mass index (BMI), bodyweight for height (BWH), insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), free T4, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) levels were found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in the children and adolescents with NAFLD In obese children and adolescents; there was a significant correlation between the increase in TC, LDL-C and TG levels in the blood and the development of NAFLD (p<0.05). Blood ALT level ≥37 U/L in obese boys and ≥23.5 U/L in obese girls was found to be a strong diagnostic biomarker in determining the presence of NAFLD. In obese children and adolescents, there was a significant relationship between the increase in BWH and blood lipid levels, insulin resistance and the development of NAFLD. ALT had high specificity and sensitivity to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity, Children, Hepatosteatoz.

Tangshen Decoction Enhances Podocytes Autophagy to Relieve Diabetic Nephropathy through Modulation of p-AMPK/p-ULK1 Signaling.

Traditional Chinese medicine has certain advantages in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN); thus, Chinese medicine therapy is considered as a promising strategy for treating DN. Here, the diabetic nephropathy model was established and intervened with Tangshen Decoction to explore its repair effect on diabetic kidney injury and the mechanism of autophagy. Different doses (10, 20 g·kg−1) of Tangshen Decoction (so-called Tangshen Jian, TSJ) or metformin were used to intervene for 16 weeks. The body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of rats in each group were regularly monitored; a urine protein test kit (CBB method) was used to detect changes in urine protein (UP) content. The serum biochemical indicators, including Cr (creatinine), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), TC (total cholesterol), and TG (triglyceride), were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. HE (hematoxylin-eosin) staining, PAS, and electron microscopy were used to observe the podocyte damage. We showed that administration of TSJ or metformin prevented the increases in FBG level, serum Cr, BUN, TC, and TG level, and urine protein excretion in diabetic nephropathy. Simultaneously, the foot process fusion and fall-off were partially reversed after TSJ treatment. TSJ or metformin markedly upregulated the level of nephrin and podocin, accompanied by evident enhancement of podocyte autophagy and activation of p-AMPK/p-ULK1 signaling in the diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, TSJ may enhance podocyte autophagy to relieve diabetic nephropathy through modulation of p-AMPK/p-ULK1 signaling, which has important application prospects in the clinical treatment of diabetic kidney damage in the future.

Lipid traits and type 2 diabetes risk in African ancestry individuals: A Mendelian Randomization study.

SummaryBackgroundDyslipidaemia is highly prevalent in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have sought to disentangle the causal relationship between dyslipidaemia and T2DM liability. However, conventional observational studies are vulnerable to confounding. Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies (which address this bias) on lipids and T2DM liability have focused on European ancestry individuals, with none to date having been performed in individuals of African ancestry. We therefore sought to use MR to investigate the causal effect of various lipid traits on T2DM liability in African ancestry individuals.MethodsUsing univariable and multivariable two-sample MR, we leveraged summary-level data for lipid traits and T2DM liability from the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR) (N = 13,612, 36.9% men) and from African ancestry individuals in the Million Veteran Program (Ncases = 23,305 and Ncontrols = 30,140, 87.2% men), respectively. Genetic instruments were thus selected from the APCDR after which they were clumped to obtain independent instruments. We used a random-effects inverse variance weighted method in our primary analysis, complementing this with additional sensitivity analyses robust to the presence of pleiotropy.FindingsIncreased genetically proxied low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were associated with increased T2DM liability in African ancestry individuals (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval, P-value] per standard deviation (SD) increase in LDL-C = 1.052 [1.000 to 1.106, P = 0.046] and per SD increase in TC = 1.089 [1.014 to 1.170, P = 0.019]). Conversely, increased genetically proxied high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was associated with reduced T2DM liability (OR per SD increase in HDL-C = 0.915 [0.843 to 0.993, P = 0.033]). The OR on T2DM per SD increase in genetically proxied triglyceride (TG) levels was 0.884 [0.773 to 1.011, P = 0.072] . With respect to lipid-lowering drug targets, we found that genetically proxied 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibition was associated with increased T2DM liability (OR per SD decrease in genetically proxied LDL-C = 1.68 [1.03-2.72, P = 0.04]) but we did not find evidence of a relationship between genetically proxied proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and T2DM liability.InterpretationConsistent with MR findings in Europeans, HDL-C exerts a protective effect on T2DM liability and HMGCR inhibition increases T2DM liability in African ancestry individuals. However, in contrast to European ancestry individuals, LDL-C may increase T2DM liability in African ancestry individuals. This raises the possibility of ethnic differences in the metabolic effects of dyslipidaemia in T2DM.FundingSee the Acknowledgements section for more information.

Lipid levels and the risk of dementia: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

ObjectivesWe performed a dose–response meta‐analysis to estimate the association between lipid profiles with the risk of dementia and the potential differences according to the subtype of dementia based on prospective studies.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for relevant articles and performed a meta‐analysis. We applied fixed or random‐effects models to calculate pooled relative risk (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). The dose–response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline.ResultsTwenty‐five prospective studies comprising 362,443 participants and 20,121 cases were included in the final analysis. We found that increased risk of all‐cause dementia could be predicted by elevated total cholesterol (TC) (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22). When looking at dementia subtypes, we also observed high TC and triglycerides (TG) may increase the future risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a pooled RR of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06–1.21) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04–1.15) respectively. Moreover, a dose–response analysis revealed a linear association between TC or TG and the risk of AD, with a pooled RR of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.05–1.21) for per 3‐mmol/L increment in TC and TG, respectively.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggest that every 3‐mmol/L increase in blood TC or TG is linearly associated with a 9% or 12% increase in RR of AD, supporting the notion that high TC and TG levels appear to play a causal role in the development of AD.

DIABETIC CARDIAC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY: SIMVASTATIN, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND LIPIDS

Treatment of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a complex process, that includes: lifestyle modification; reducing of insulin resistance (IR); optimal glycemic control; management of diabetic dyslipidemia; antioxidants; vitamins; treatment of myocardial metabolic abnormalities; thrombosis and others. The aim of study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin on insulin resistance and blood lipid profile parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the definite stage of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. The study involved 107 patients with T2DM among them 16 patients without CAN, 19 with subclinical stage of CAN and 72 with definite CAN. Median age of patients was 53.6 ± 0.41 yrs, disease duration - 4.12 ± 0.24 yrs and median glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) - 7.01% ± 0.09%. The control group included 14 almost healthy people without DM. Patients with definite CAN were allocated into two treatment groups: 1st group - 22 patients received standard hypoglycemic therapy and simvastatin 20 mg/day; 2nd group - control (n = 15). The duration of the study was 3 mos. The concentrations of glucose, HbA1c, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in the blood were determined. Lipid metabolism was assessed by the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) measurements. The IR index (HOMA-IR), atherogenic coefficient (AC), TG/HDL-C parameters, and TG-glucose (TyG) index were calculated. It was established that in patients with T2DM with subclinical stage of CAN there was statistically significant increase in the parameters of HbA1c, IRI, TC, TG and HOMA-IR, AC, TyG indices and decrease of TG/HDL-C and HDL-C compared to control; increase of IRI, TG, TG/HDL-C and TyG indices compared to patients with T2DM without CAN. The definite stage of CAN is characterized by an increase of HbA1c, IRI, TC, LDL-C levels and HOMA-IR, AC indices and a significant decrease in the concentration of HDL-C (compared to patients with subclinical CAN). As a result of our study, we found out that prescription of simvastatin to patients with definite stage of CAN was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of TC, LDL-C, TG and an increase in the content of HDL-C (compared to 2nd, control group). Obtained results justify the appropriateness of statins prescription to patients with T2DM and the definite stage of CAN.

Evaluation of Cardiometabolic Markers in Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Case-control Study

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative bacterium that naturally colonises the gastric epithelium and causes chronic gastritis. H. pylori infection affects gastric physiology and alters the lipid metabolism pathways. Highsensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) is a useful marker for risk assessment of future cardiovascular events. Many studies have proposed a link between cardiometabolic markers like lipid profile and hs-CRP with H. pylori infection but very limited studies are available to explain the effect of H. pylori infection on these cardiometabolic markers. Aim: To analyse the cardiometabolic markers (lipid profile, and hs-CRP) in H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2018 to June 2019 in the Department of Biochemistry in association with the Department of Surgery, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India, 50 cases and 50 control subjects were enrolled. Fasting Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C), hs-CRP and atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Results: The gender distribution was almost same in the two groups. The mean age in the case group was 47.34±12.08 years, while that in the control group was 46.2±14.8 years. There was an increase in TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG in cases`, but it was not statistically significant. Serum HDL level was 34.59±9.79 mg/ dL, and 41.62±10.29 mg/dL for cases and controls respectively and it was statistically significant. hs-CRP level was significantly increased in the case group (5.51±4.59 mg/L) when compared to the control (2.63±2.0 mg/L). AIP was also significantly high in the cases (0.246±0.219) than the controls (0.106±0.22). Conclusion: Significant decrease in HDL and increase in hsCRP levels in cases show evidence of dyslipidaemia and atherogenic risk. hs-CRP also showed a significant correlation with AIP. Hence, these cardiometabolic markers may have a role in identifying individuals at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases in cases.

Effects of Dietary Pork Fat Cooked Using Different Methods on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Liver Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Rats.

Cooking may affect the nutritional value of pork fat, and, nowadays, people have been paying an increasing amount of attention to the method of cooking. In this study, the effects of dietary pork fat cooked using different methods on body metabolism and intestinal microbes were studied in rats. Fat was extracted from pork belly meat cooked using three methods: braising (braising cooking method, BCM), stewing (SCM) and deep fat frying (DCM). The three types of pork fat were added to animal feed, and the effects of each on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, liver inflammation and intestinal microbes in rats were compared with the effects of soybean oil-treated feed (SO) and a blank control (BC). Rats in all three groups fed with cooked pork fat exhibited significant increases in body weight compared with the controls across the experimental feeding period. Furthermore, all three types of pork fat led to significant changes in the serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) relative to the controls, with the greatest increases in TG and TC in the BCM and DCM groups, respectively. All three types of pork fat led to significant decreases in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations relative to the controls, with the lowest concentration in the SCM group. All three types of pork fat also led to significant increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations relative to the controls, with the smallest increase in the DCM group. Rats in the SCM group had the highest level of liver fat deposition, followed by those in the BCM, DCM, SO and BC groups. Compared with the controls, the three groups fed with different types of cooked pork fat had significantly lower hepatic expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB). The expression levels of NF-κB in the DCM and SO groups were significantly lower than those in the other groups. The abundance of Proteobacteria species in the intestines of rats was significantly lower in the BC group than in the other groups fed with cooked pork fat, and the abundance of Bacteroidetes species was significantly lower in the BCM, SCM and DCM groups than in the BC and SO groups. From the changes in the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides, pork fat in the three cooking methods has a certain potential to promote the production of body obesity.

Synergistic Effect of β-Carotene and Metformin on Antihyperglycemic and Antidyslipidemic Activities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Purpose: Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has become an issue of great concern in current decades. To date, a large number of biological properties have been reported from carotenoids, particularly protective effects against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and DM, including enhancement of insulin sensitivity.In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of β-carotene as an additive agent with metformin in ameliorating Type2 (T2)DM.&#x0D; Methods: In this experiment, fasting blood glucose level (BGL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured in serum of Wister albino rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and after treatment with metformin (850mg/70kg b.w.) and β-carotene (10 mg/70kg b.w.) administered orally once daily for three weeks.&#x0D; Results: Metformin and β-carotene treatments individually resulted in significant (p&lt;0.001) reversal of the diabetes induced increase in BGL, LDL, TC and TG, whereas significantly increased the STZ-induced decrease in HDL, compared to diabetic control. As compared to the monotherapy, the combination therapy with metformin and β-carotene showed a significant (p&lt;0.001) attenuation of BGL and serum level of LDL, TC, and TG and a slight increase (p&lt;0.05) in serum HDL level, as compared to the treatment with β-carotene, but not with metformin.&#x0D; Conclusion: The combination therapy of β-carotene and metformin produced a significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect than the monotherapy alone and provides a scientific rationale for their use in antidiabetic therapy as a potential antioxidant.

Effectiveness of a new rutin Cu(II) complex in the prevention of lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity in hypercholesterolemic rats.

A new rutin copper(II) complex (R-Cu2) was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The effects of rutin and R-Cu2 were evaluated on the prevention of hypercholesterolemia in animals feed with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 8weeks. The animals (n=5) were neither fed with HCD nor treated (control group), or were treated with vehicle, 10mg/kg simvastatin, rutin (16 and 160μmol/kg), and R-Cu2 (16 and 160μmol/kg) administered orally. Total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly increased (p<.01) in all HCD groups. In rutin and R-Cu2 groups, it was observed a discrete, but not significant, TC and LDL-induced increase inhibition compared with vehicle-treated group. R-Cu2 treatment significantly decreased (p<.05) plasma triglycerides compared with the vehicle-treated group. All groups receiving treatments maintained the malondialdehyde at normal levels. Serum NO levels were reduced in animals treated with rutin and R-Cu2 compared with the vehicle-treated group. In addition, the results also showed that the groups treated with rutin and R-Cu2 reduced significantly (p<.01), the number of neutrophils and prevented histological changes in all evaluated liver zones. R-Cu2 group maintained the ALT, AST, and ALP enzymes at normal levels. Thus, the effects of R-Cu2 in modulating inflammation and protecting liver damage were confirmed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Rutin, a plant-derived flavonoid, is one of phenolic compounds well known as a nutraceutical due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Findings of this study demonstrate the effects of both rutin and R-Cu2 in modulating inflammation and protecting liver damage in hypercholesterolemic rats. However, some effects analyzed became more evident in R-Cu2. Thereby, it was shown that the synthesis of a new flavonoid compound (R-Cu2) could be applied as a nutraceutical benefit option to prevent hypercholesterolemia condition.

Association between lipid biomarkers and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundOsteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are 2 major public health problems. Osteoporosis and CVDs may be linked but the association between lipid profile and osteoporosis is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) with osteoporosis.MethodsUsing inpatients’ and outpatients’ electronic medical records (EMR) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) database stored at The Second Hospital of Jilin University, we included 481 individuals with complete and valid lipid and bone mineral density (BMD) data in 2017. Serum samples were used to measure TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG. Femoral neck and total hip BMD were measured by DXA; osteoporosis was defined as femoral neck or total hip T-score ≤ -2.5. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the associations of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG with osteoporosis.ResultsThe mean age for included individuals was 62.7 years (SD = 8.6 years); 60.1 % of them were female. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in TC (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.48; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.06–2.07) and TG (OR: 1.67; 95 % CI: 1.16–2.39) were associated with increased risk of osteoporosis; LDL-C and HDL-C levels were not associated with osteoporosis. Age, sex and body mass index (BMI) did not interact with the relationships of TC and TG with osteoporosis (all P > 0.10).ConclusionsHigher TC and TG levels were associated with greater risk of osteoporosis in this cross-sectional study.

Early-life associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and serum lipids in a longitudinal birth cohort

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may affect metabolic outcomes, including serum lipid concentrations. However, few studies have evaluated potential associations between PFASs and lipids longitudinally. In this study we estimated associations between PFAS and lipid concentrations at birth and at several points in childhood and identified sensitive periods of exposure. METHODS: This study included 490 children from a prospective cohort in the Faroe Islands. Concentrations of five PFASs were measured in serum collected at birth and ages 18 months, 5 years and 9 years. Serum lipid concentrations were measured at birth, 18 months and 9 years. We estimated associations between PFAS and lipid concentrations and evaluated possible effect modification by sex. We further tested whether PFAS associations with age-9 lipids varied by exposure period using multiple informant models of repeated PFAS exposures. RESULTS:Childhood PFAS exposures were positively associated with lipids at age 9. Increases in age-9 concentrations of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were positively associated with total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). For example, a doubling of PFDA at age nine was associated with a 0.19 mmol/L increase in TC (95% CI: 0.07, 0.32), a 0.10 mmol/L increase in HDL-C (95% CI: 0.05, 0.15) and a 0.12 mmol/L increase in LDL-C (95% CI: 0.02, 0.22). We found significant differences in estimated effects by sex, with stronger positive associations between PFASs and TC and LDL-C in girls, and stronger positive associations with HDL-C in boys. Exposure period was a significant modifier of PFAS effects in multiple informant models. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that childhood PFAS exposures may be associated with elevated serum lipid concentrations. This is a public health concern, as a detrimental lipid profile in childhood is a risk factor for later development of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. KEYWORDS: Chemical exposures, Children's environmental health, Endocrine disrupting chemicals, Obesity and metabolic disorders, PFAS

Impact of menopause on the associations between high exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances and lipid profile: a mixture-based approach

BACKGROUND AND AIM: During their reproductive years, females show lower serum PFAS concentrations than males, most likely due to menstrual excretion, previous childbirth with transplacental transfer of PFAS and breastfeeding. Also, females in pre-menopause age have lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to males. So far, little is known of the impact of menopause on dose-response relationships. Given the possible role of estrogens in regulating lipid metabolism, there can be an interaction and the aim of our study is to evaluate if the associations of PFAS and serum lipids changes with aging, comparing women in pre- and post-menopausal age groups. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among highly exposed women, 14,155 mostly pre-menopausal and 4,165 mostly post-menopausal women, based on a cut-off of 50 years. Associations between four PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS and PFNA) and non-fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and LDL-C, were assessed through weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS:We observed that each PFAS in the WQS index was associated with an increase in the levels of TC in both groups, and pre-menopausal women showed a larger increase of TC per quartile increase of PFAS mixture (4.63, 95% CI 3.46-5.79) than post-menopausal women (β:1.84, 95% CI 0.30-3.38), mainly driven by the effect on LDL-C. WQS analyses revealed a major contribution of PFOS and PFNA to the association with cholesterol levels, although the larger contrast being in PFOA for both groups. CONCLUSIONS:Investigations of combined exposures to four PFAS showed a strong positive association with all three serum lipid parameters. The large differences between pre- and post-menopausal women may reflect complex relationships between PFAS, estrogens and cholesterol. Analysis on menopausal timing are ongoing. KEYWORDS: PFAS, Mixtures, Chemical exposure, Female

Impact of Low Frequency Electro-acupuncture on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Unmarried PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To explore the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on glucose and lipid metabolism in unmarried patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Fifty-four PCOS patients were equally randomized into true acupuncture group and sham acupuncture group (control) for totally 16 weeks of treatment by random method with a computerized randomization program. Patients in true acupuncture group accepted traditional acupuncture methods with EA and two sets of acupoint groups were used alternatively. The first set consisted of Zhongji (CV 3), Qihai (CV 6), Guilai (ST 29), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Hegu (LI4) and Baihui (GV 20), and the second set consisted of Tianshu (ST 25), ST 29, CV 3, CV 6, SP 6, Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC) 6 and GV 20. Patients in the sham acupuncture group accepted shallow acupuncture methods through EA without electricity at 4 non-meridian points in each shoulder and upper arm. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin release test, glucose and lipid metabolism indicators such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin, and interleukin (IL-6). Twenty-six subjects in the true acupuncture group and 20 subjects in the sham group completed the clinical trial. After 16 weeks of treatment, no significant difference in the outcome measures were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). However, as compared with baseline data, a reduction in weight, BMI, hipline, WHR, fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity, visfatin and HDL-C, and an increase in resistin and IL-6 were observed in the true acupuncture group (P<0.05). In addition, a reduction in visfatin and an increase in TC were also observed in the sham group (P<0.05). Acupuncture may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of PCOS by improving glucose and lipid metabolism. Moreover, the sham acupuncture may be not completely ineffective. Sham acupuncture may improve some of the aspects of the glucose and lipid metabolism of PCOS patients through a placebo effect. (Registration Nos. ChiCTR-TRC-12002529 and NCT01812161).

Indigestible cowpea proteins reduced plasma cholesterol after long-term oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats

Cowpea protein isolate (CPI) was subjected to various dry and wet heat pretreatments followed by sequential digestion with pepsin and pancreatin; the undigested residues were isolated as the indigestible cowpea proteins (ICPs). All the ICPs exhibited in vitro bile acid-binding capacity but ICP from the slow cooling-induced gelation had the highest yield (68%) and was used for rat feeding experiments to determine effect on plasma total cholesterol (TC). Groups consisting of 3 male and 3 female Sprague-Dawley rats each were fed hypercholesterolemic diets that contained casein only or casein that was partially substituted with ICP of CPI for 6 weeks. Results showed diet that contained 5% (w/w) ICP was more effective in preventing TC increase (1.8 mmol/L) when compared to increases of 9.34 and 4.15 mmol/L for CPI and casein only diets, respectively.Graphical abstract

295-OR: Dyslipidemia and Diabetes in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction: Evidence indicates cardiovascular risk may start early in life. Data on specific risk factors including lipids in childhood and adolescence are scant. We investigate lipid profiles in overweight/obese patients.Methods: Data on pediatric ICLDC patients (N=11,116) with complete lipid profile (2009-2019) were extracted. Overweight/obese category (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) was divided into: prediabetes (Pre-Dia), type1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) and normoglycemic (NGT) groups. Lipid percentiles were calculated for all lipids; distribution curves were plotted on R and statistical analyses performed on SPSS24.Results: Patients (n=4659) included: Pre-Dia (24%), diabetes (T1DM 6%, T2DM 2%) and NGT (68%). Total cholesterol (TC), LDL and non-HDL were significantly increased (p≤0.001) and HDL was significantly decreased (p≤0.001) in diabetes groups compared to NGT; except TC in NGT vs. Pre-Dia. Different trends arose in between diabetes groups whereby TC, LDL and non-HDL were significantly increased (p≤0.001) while HDL was significantly decreased (p≤0.001); except for LDL, non-HDL and TC in T1DM vs. T2DM, non-HDL in Pre-Dia vs. T1DM and TC in Pre-Dia vs. T2DM.Conclusion: Even at an early age, significant increases in TC, LDL and non-HDL, accompanied by decreases in HDL, were observed in patients with type 1, type 2 diabetes and prediabetes groups. Early intervention may need to be considered.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureT. Ali: None. S. Radha: None. R. Helal: None. E. Fojas: None. S. I. El-refer: None. H. M. Sabbour: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk. N. Lessan: None.

Early-life associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and serum lipids in a longitudinal birth cohort

BackgroundExposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may affect metabolic outcomes, including lipid concentrations in the blood. However, few studies have evaluated potential associations between PFASs and lipids longitudinally. ObjectivesWe estimated associations between PFAS and lipid concentrations at birth and at several points in childhood. MethodsWe measured concentrations of five major PFASs in cord serum and in serum collected at 18 months, five years and nine years in 490 children from a prospective cohort in the Faroe Islands. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were measured at birth, 18 months and nine years. We estimated associations between PFAS and lipid concentrations and evaluated possible effect modification by sex. We also tested whether PFAS associations with age-nine lipids varied by exposure period. ResultsSerum PFAS concentrations at ages five and nine were positively associated with lipid concentrations at age nine. Cross-sectional associations between PFASs and lipids at age nine were the strongest, with increases in serum concentrations of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) associated with increases in TC, HDL-C and LDL-C. We found statistically significant differences in estimated PFAS effects by sex, where girls had stronger positive associations between PFASs and TC and LDL-C and boys had stronger positive associations with HDL-C. In repeated measure models, exposure period was a significant modifier of PFAS effects. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that childhood PFAS exposures may be associated with elevated serum lipid concentrations. This is a public health concern, as a detrimental lipid profile in childhood is a risk factor for later development of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease.

P292 Effect of drug therapy on the lipid profiles of patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Increases of lipid levels associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) medication have been previously reported. However, it is unknown whether this effect is similar for all IBD drug classes. Methods We performed a systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies of IBD treatment with corticosteroids, anti TNFα agents and tofacitinib that assessed total cholesterol (TC) before and after short-term (≤8 week) and long-term (≥12 week) treatment. Data of 11 studies (1,663 IBD patients) were pooled using a random effect model with as primary outcome TC levels. Lipid changes were reported as mean difference on the log2-scale (MDlog2) with 95% CI. The effect of patient and disease characteristics on TC changes were analyzed in 6 studies with individual patient data of 1,211 patients. Results A significant increase in TC was observed after treatment with corticosteroids, anti TNFα agents and tofacitinib (short-term +0.370, +0.197 and +0.190; long-term: +0.452, +0.068 and +0.162, respectively). (Figure 1) After correcting for age, sex, BMI and CRP, increases of TC levels after start of corticosteroids and tofacitinib treatment were higher (short-term: +0.293 and +0.161; long-term: +0.090 and +0.127, respectively) as compared to anti TNFα agents (short-term: -0.059, long-term: +0.041). (Figure 2) Conclusion Changes in lipid levels differ between IBD drug classes. TC levels increase was strongest for corticosteroids followed by tofacitinib but not observed for anti TNFα agents. Whether TC change associated with IBD treatment has effect on CVD risk requires further study.

P586 Drug-induced lipid changes in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a single center, prospective study

Abstract Background Drug use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might negatively impact lipid levels. In this study, we assessed drug-induced changes in the lipid profile after IBD induction therapy. Methods In this single center, prospective study IBD patients aged ≥17 years who started systemic drug therapy (corticosteroids, thiopurines, methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab and tofacitinib) for IBD were included. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, history of liver transplantation and use of lipid lowering drugs. Data on cardiovascular risk profile, disease activity (HBI, SCCAI, CRP, FCP) and concomitant medication use were collected. To calculate mean lipid changes after induction therapy, nonfasting lipid levels (total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides (TG)) were measured before and 8–10 weeks after start of therapy. Pearson correlation test was performed to assess the association between lipid changes and CRP. Results A total of 183 patients (87 males (48%), median age 36 years (IQR 28–48), 128 Crohn’s disease (70%), 46 CU (3%), 9 IBD-U (7%)) were included. (Table 1) Fourty-nine patients were on concomitant steroids at baseline (31%). Relative increases in TC, HDL-c and LDL-c were significant after treatment with corticosteroids and tofacitinib (+9%, +17%, +8% and +19%, +29%, +24%, respectively) and decrease in TG after treatment with corticosteroids, thiopurines, infliximab, adalimumab, ustekinumab and tofacitinib (-9%, -14%, -10%, -8%, -11%, -8%, respectively). (Table 2, Figure 1) A significant inverse relationship was found between CRP and TC (R -.171), HDL-c (R -.202), LDL-c (R -.153) but not with TG. Conclusion Serum lipid levels increased most after start of corticosteroids and tofacitinib as compared to other drug therapies. Whether these changes are explained by the control of inflammation or by the mechanism of action of these agents remains undetermined.

Experimentally Induced Hyperlipidemia and Associated Atherosclerosis in the Aorta and Vascular Expression of CD 31, CD44, Beta-catenin and E Cadherin in Wistar Male Rats

Background: Hyperlipidemia is the disorder of lipid metabolism, characterized by elevated serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-C) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular and fibroproliferative inflammatory disease commonly associated with dyslipidemia.Methods: The study was conducted using 24 Wistar male rats, divided into two groups of 12 rats each. Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were induced by the addition of 1% cholesterol and 15% saturated oil to the 1000g of standard rat diet and given to group II rats. Group I kept as control and maintained for 90 days. Result: The present experiment established hyperlipidemia with a significant increase of TC, TG, LDL-C and decreased HDL-C cholesterol with initiated atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and showed varying degrees of positivity with CD31, CD44, Cadherin and Beta-catenin proteins.