Increases In Relative Kidney Weights Research Articles

Short-term toxicity study of metatartaric acid in rats

Groups of rats were given metatartaric acid in the drinking-water in concentrations of 0 (control), 0·1, 0·5 or 3·0% for 18 wk. No effects associated with treatment were seen in the results of the haematological examinations and serum analyses. The treated animals consumed less water and food than the controls, probably because of the unpalatability of the test material. Administration of the 3% solution was associated in males with a reduced growth rate, some impairment of urine-concentrating ability during prolonged water deprivation (also seen in males on 0·5%) and histopathological changes in the stomach indicative of an inflammatory response in the submucosal layer. Both sexes of the 3% group showed an increase in relative kidney weight, without accompanying histopathological change. The no-untoward-effect level in this study was 0·1% metatartaric acid in the drinking-water, equivalent to a mean daily intake of 80 mg/kg body weight in the males and 130 mg/kg in the females.

Toxicity of trihalomethanes: I the acute and subacute toxicity of chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bromoform in rats

In an acute study, groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were given single oral doses of chloroform, bromodichloromethane (BDCM), chlorodibromomethane (CDBM), or bromoform and were observed for clinical symptoms for the following 14 days. Median lethal doses (LD 50) of the four trihalomethanes were found to be between 848 and 1388 mg/kg. Some groups which survived the treatment for 14 days showed reduced food intake, growth retardation and increased liver and kidney weight. Elevated serum cholesterol levels were observed in the surviving male rats treated with chloroform and CDBM, and in the females treated with chloroform. Decreased liver protein content occurred in male but not female rats fed chloroform and bromoform. In contrast, increase aniline hydroxylase activity was observed in female rats fed chloroform but not bromoform. Hematological values which were altered by the four trihalomethanes were hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Treatment-related histologic changes were observed in the liver and kidney of rats. These changes were qualitatively and quantitatively similar for the four trihalomethanes. These data indicate that trihalomethanes at large single oral doses can produce a wide range of toxic changes in the rat. In a subacute study, groups of 10 male rats were fed four trihalomethanes at 0, 5, 50 or 500 ppm in their drinking water for 28 days. The growth rate and food intake were not affected by treatment. A slight increase in relative kidney weight was observed in the groups fed 5 ppm chloroform; 500 ppm bromoform, 5 and 500 ppm BDCM. The animals fed the highest dose of chloroform showed decreased neutrophils. Serum biochemical parameters and hepatic microsomal enzyme activities were not altered by any of the four trihalomethanes. No histopathological changes were seen in the tissues examined.

Short-term toxicity study of metatartaric acid in rats

Groups of rats were given metatartaric acid in the drinking-water in concentrations of 0 (control), 0·1, 0·5 or 3·0% for 18 wk. No effects associated with treatment were seen in the results of the haematological examinations and serum analyses. The treated animals consumed less water and food than the controls, probably because of the unpalatability of the test material. Administration of the 3% solution was associated in males with a reduced growth rate, some impairment of urine-concentrating ability during prolonged water deprivation (also seen in males on 0·5%) and histopathological changes in the stomach indicative of an inflammatory response in the submucosal layer. Both sexes of the 3% group showed an increase in relative kidney weight, without accompanying histopathological change. The no-untoward-effect level in this study was 0·1% metatartaric acid in the drinking-water, equivalent to a mean daily intake of 80 mg/kg body weight in the males and 130 mg/kg in the females.

The excretory system of young chickens experiencing mercury toxicity--effects on kidney development, morphology, and function.

Four trials were conducted to determine if toxic levels of mercury affect kidney development, morphology, and renal function. Mercury, administered via the drinking water as mercuric chloride caused a reduction in gross kidney weight, an increase in relative kidney weight and a slight but significant increase in the percentage water retained by left kidney of 6-week-old cockerels. Mercury had no effect on renal function of 6-week-old birds as indicated by the clearance of phenol red from circulation. Histological discontinuity of the kidney was extensive and evidenced by foamy cell degeneration and nuclear pyknosis. Although mercury caused gross alterations in the morphology of the kidney, normal excretory function was maintained.

Acute (rat and mouse) and short-term (rat) toxicitystudies on dialkyl 79 adipate

Acute toxicity studies in rats and mice and a short-term feeding study in rats have been carried out on dialkyl 79 adipate. Diarrhoea was the only effect seen in mice after administration of single doses of up to 20 g/kg intraperitoneally to rats and mice and orally to rats. The oral LD50 in mice was between 8 and 12 g/kg.In the short-term study, rats were fed for 98 days on dietary levels of 0·0 (control), 0· 125, 0·25, 0·5 or 1·0%. No effects on growth, food consumption, haematological indices, results of urine analyses, serum chemistry, organ weights or histopathology were found at dietary levels of 0·125 or 0·25 %. Weight gain was slightly lower in females at the 1·0 % level and this was associated with a reduced food intake. An increase in relative kidney weight was found in both sexes at the 1· 0 % level and in females at the 0· 5 % level. In the blood, the haemoglobin concentration was reduced at the 1·0%level.The results have been compared with those of the corresponding phthalate ester. The no-effectlevel was approximately 125 mg/kg/day.