Magnitude Of Increase Research Articles

Fisheries independent surveys in a new era of offshore wind energy development

Abstract Fisheries independent surveys require rethinking because of increasing spatial restrictions and interactions with offshore wind energy development (OWD). Fisheries, protected species, and environmental data collections have been conducted by scientific institutions to meet societal demands for food security, conservation, and other marine uses. These data collections provide information on key resource measures, essential for fisheries, protected species, and ecosystem management. With the increase in pace and magnitude of OWD's industrialization of marine waters, disruptions in these long-term time series can be expected. These disruptions will impact the ability to support current and future management goals and objectives. This paper presents an expert survey on the perceptions of OWD interactions with common survey designs and survey methodologies in Europe and the U.S., along with a selected sample of 75 fisheries independent surveys in the U.S. and Europe providing an initial assessment and description of potential impacts from OWD. About 72% of the surveys sampled record interactions with operational, planned or future OWD. Four case studies demonstrate efforts to address these interactions within European regions that have operational OWD and the U.S. where development has just begun. Finally, we make recommendations for future research important to continue meaningful scientific-based management advice.

Simulation of the integration of PVT and TEG with a cooling duct filled with nanofluid

Recognizing the pivotal role of the cooling method in enhancing Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) efficiency, this study delves into the combined application of two innovative techniques: a finned tube and a confined jet. Additionally, the integration of a TEG (Thermoelectric Generator) is introduced to amplify output power. The improvement in cooling efficiency is achieved through infusing a composite of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and Fe3O4 into the coolant. The investigation encompasses three distinct cooling system configurations: 1) the base case employing a conventional pipe, 2) a system with a finned-tube cooling unit, and 3) a setup combining a confined jet with a finned tube. The introduction of hybrid nanoparticles results in an overall performance boost of around 2.64 % compared to the base case. Furthermore, the efficacy of the nanofluid concentration (φ) in the base case surpasses that of the Finned Jet case by a factor of 3.86. Notably, an increase in irradiance magnitude and jet inlet velocity contributes to a commendable enhancement in thermal performance, registering approximately 8.66 % and 3.48 %, respectively. The incorporation of fins and confined jets yields substantial improvements, resulting in an 86.13 % enhancement in TEG performance and a commendable 26.42 % rise in thermal performance.

Dual effect of roughness during earthquake rupture sequences on faults with strongly rate-weakening friction

We numerically model earthquake rupture cycles on non-planar faults governed by rate and state friction with an enhanced dynamic weakening in the form of flash heating, investigating quantitatively the relationship between the fault geometry, stresses from the preceding earthquakes, and the rupture characteristics. On planar faults, earthquakes with similar magnitudes and stress drops periodically rupture the entire fault, propagating under a low background shear-to-normal stress ratio as self-healing slip pulses due to the large friction reduction, with a sub-Rayleigh rupture speed. Faults with low roughness levels generally show a similar pattern. Prior to some events, the stress ratio along the fault slightly increases, leading to ruptures with secondary slip pulses. As roughness increases, the stresses become more heterogeneous, leading to a more complex cycle with part of the ruptures arresting at restraining bends with a low stress ratio. Sequences of several partial ruptures lead to a significant stress accumulation on the locked fault segments. These are eventually released by crack-like earthquake ruptures with supershear propagation speed and significantly larger magnitudes, stress drops, and radiated energy than typical planar fault events. Therefore, while fault roughness provides a mechanism for rupture arrest, consistent with previous studies, it can also result in a substantial increase in earthquake magnitudes, which should be considered in hazard assessments.

Exploring the impact of the recent global warming on extreme weather events in Central Asia using the counterfactual climate data ATTRICI v1.1

We study the impact of recent global warming on extreme climatic events in Central Asia (CA) for 1901-2019 by comparing the composite representation of the observational climate with a hypothetical counterfactual one that does not include the long-term global warming trend. The counterfactual climate data are produced based on a simple detrending approach, using the global mean temperature (GMT) as the independent variable and removing the long-term trends from the climate variables of the observational data. This trend elimination is independent of causality, and the day-to-day variability in the counterfactual climate remains preserved. The analysis done in the paper shows that the increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature and precipitation events can be attributed to global warming. Specifically, the probability of experiencing a +7 K temperature anomaly event in CA increases by up to a factor of seven in some areas due to global warming. The analysis reveals a significant increase in heatwave occurrences in Central Asia, with the observational climate dataset GSWP3-W5E5 (later called also factual) showing more frequent and prolonged extreme heat events than hypothetical scenarios without global warming. This trend, evident in the disparity between factual and counterfactual data, underscores the critical impact of recent climatic changes on weather patterns, highlighting the urgent need for robust adaptation and mitigation strategies. Additionally, using the self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI), the sensitivity of dry and wet events to the coupled precipitation and temperature changes is analyzed. The areas under dry and wet conditions are enhanced under the observational climate compared to a counterfactual scenario, especially over the largest deserts in CA. The expansion of the dry regions aligns well with the pattern of desert development observed in CA in recent decades.

Development of Upper-Extremity Morphological Asymmetries in Male and Female Elite Youth Tennis Players: A Longitudinal Study.

This 2-year longitudinal study examined the development of upper-extremity bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean mass (LM) asymmetry magnitudes in male and female youth tennis players. Dominant and nondominant upper-extremity BMD, BMC, and LM values of 49 male and 31 female players were measured yearly using dual X-ray absorptiometry. From these values, asymmetry magnitudes were calculated and expressed as a percentage. Maturity offset was estimated using anthropometric measurements. Linear mixed effect models examined the development of BMD, BMC, and LM asymmetry magnitudes according to players' maturity offset, sex, and training volume. Adjusted for sex and training volume, a 1-year increment in maturity offset was associated with a significant increase in BMD (1.3% [2.2%]; P < .001) and BMC (0.6% [2.4%]; P = .011) asymmetry magnitudes. Male players displayed significantly higher LM asymmetry magnitudes (Δ3.2% [8.4%]; P = .002) compared with their female counterparts. Training volume was not significantly associated with asymmetry magnitude development. In contrast to LM, male and female youth tennis players' upper-extremity bones are still responsive to mechanical loading with a significant increase in BMD and BMC asymmetry magnitudes according to maturity offset.

Emergent Constraints on Future Projections of Tibetan Plateau Warming in Winter

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an area highly sensitive to climate change and is warming faster than the global average. The TP temperature change has a significant impact on the local ecological environment and the downstream weather and climate. The TP will undoubtedly warm in the future, but the warming extent is uncertain. Using the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 6 multi‐model ensemble, we found that models simulating smaller TP temperature increases in recent decades tend to project weaker warming in the future. This relationship is driven by the simulation of snowmelt response to greenhouse gas increases, as snow‐related albedo feedback dominates the TP temperature changes in both historical and future periods. Based on a two‐step emergent constraint approach, the rectified TP warming magnitude increases by about 0.3°C compared to the unconstrained result under both the medium and high emission scenarios, and the inter‐model uncertainty is reduced by about 60%.

An Ice Protection System Based on Phased Piezoelectric Transducers

This study focuses on a system constituted of two piezoelectric transducers installed on a slat representative element, with ice protection purposes. The waves generated by these actuators can cause, in fact, shear actions between the slat panel and the ice accretion, with the final effect of breaking and detaching it. A property of the system is, however, the possibility of regulating the phase between the excitation signals of the two transducers. This capability can be exploited to produce local advantageous wave interference with a consequent amplification of the shear actions. Benefits can be obtained in terms of: (1) reduction of needed power; (2) recovery of signal intensity losses due to distance, geometric, and mechanic discontinuities; (3) recovery of non-optimal functionality due to off-design conditions. The work starts with an overview of the impact of the ice on the aeronautic and other sectors. Then, attention is paid to the systems currently used to protect aircraft, with a specific focus on ultrasounds generated by piezoelectric transducers. The concept proposed in this work is then presented, illustrating the main components and the working modality. On this basis and considering the specific nature of the physical phenomenon, the modeling approach was defined and implemented. At first, the impact of some critical parameters, such as the temperature and the thickness of the ice, was investigated. Then, the impact of the phase delay parameter was considered, estimating the increase of magnitude potentially reachable by means of optimal tuning. Finally, a preliminary experimental campaign was organized and a comparison with the numerical predictions was performed.

Shaping the Infrared luminescence of Colloidal Nanocrystals Using a Dielectric Microcavity

AbstractAs they have gained maturity, colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have also expand the spectral range over of which they could be used for photonic and optoelectronic applications. In particular, the infrared use of NCs has become of utmost interest to develop cost‐effective alternatives to current technologies. It is then critical not to let the material dictate the light–matter interaction, which is why the coupling of NCs to photonic cavities has been proposed. For infrared NCs, this approach has first been devoted to the control of absorption with in mind the increase of the signal magnitude for detectors. A Lot of efforts have been focused on the use of metallic metasurfaces. However, these generate significant optical losses and yield low quality factor. Here, this study rather focus on the coupling of infrared NCs to a dielectric mirror cavity. HgTe/CdS core‐shell NCs are used and integrated into a cavity made of aperiodic dielectric mirrors. The effect of the substrate is systematically study on spectral linewidth, carrier dynamic, and emission directivity. The cavity is shown to narrow the PL by a factor 10, while focusing the emission over a 12° angle. Monitoring the power dependence of the emission, this study shows that the cavity leads to 250 K increase in the effective electronic temperature.

Environmental DNA based biomonitoring for hatchery-raised fish in riverine habitats before and after recordable flood event

It is reported that the magnitudes of flood events in riverine systems have been increasing due to global climate change. Because flood events could displace fish species downstream and/or increase the mortality of fish, it is important to know how the increased floods can affect fish in river networks. In this study, we focused a hatchery-raised amphidromous fish, Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in a mainstem-tributary network in Japan and examined the relative fish abundance changes before and after the recordable massive flood using the environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. We also examined the spatiotemporal patterns of the Ayu eDNA concentrations and the relationships with tributary discharge, width, and depth to examine if the relative abundance changes could be related to tributary size. Our results indicated that Ayu tended to inhabit large, deep tributaries more than small, shallow tributaries even after the flood event. Further, the eDNA concentrations of Ayu have decreased in most study sites after the flood; however, the eDNA concentrations in certain tributaries with lower tributary size have increased during the study period. These results suggest that (1) the habitat conditions could be important for the maintenance of Ayu populations before and after flood events, (2) increase in flood magnitude along climate changes could have impacts on Ayu populations, and (3) not only large tributary, but also small tributaries could be important habitats for the target species to avoid flood disturbances.

Age, not autism, influences multisensory integration of speech stimuli among adults in a McGurk/MacDonald paradigm.

Differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in perception of the temporal relationships between sights and sounds are theorized to underlie difficulties in integrating relevant sensory information. These, in turn, are thought to contribute to problems with speech perception and higher level social behaviour. However, the literature establishing this connection often involves limited sample sizes and focuses almost entirely on children. To determine whether these differences persist into adulthood, we compared 496 autistic and 373 non-autistic adults (aged 17 to 75 years). Participants completed an online version of the McGurk/MacDonald paradigm, a multisensory illusion indicative of the ability to integrate audiovisual speech stimuli. Audiovisual asynchrony was manipulated, and participants responded both to the syllable they perceived (revealing their susceptibility to the illusion) and to whether or not the audio and video were synchronized (allowing insight into temporal processing). In contrast with prior research with smaller, younger samples, we detected no evidence of impaired temporal or multisensory processing in autistic adults. Instead, we found that in both groups, multisensory integration correlated strongly with age. This contradicts prior presumptions that differences in multisensory perception persist and even increase in magnitude over the lifespan of autistic individuals. It also suggests that the compensatory role multisensory integration may play as the individual senses decline with age is intact. These findings challenge existing theories and provide an optimistic perspective on autistic development. They also underline the importance of expanding autism research to better reflect the age range of the autistic population.

Rapid on‐ground assessment after the 2019–2020 megafires reveals new information on rare and threatened plants in northern New South Wales, Australia

AbstractLack of ecological knowledge is a major challenge for effective conservation of threatened plant species in Australia as disturbance events, such as wildfire, increase in frequency and magnitude. Rapid on‐ground surveys are increasingly important to inform recovery strategies for rare and threatened plants in response to extreme wildfire events, yet resources are rarely available to deploy time‐sensitive surveys. Here, we utilize a rapid on‐ground survey and monitoring program to document basic biological and ecological information for 21 rare and threatened plant species from the New England bioregion in northern New South Wales, which were affected by the catastrophic 2019–2020 megafires. Our results fill an important knowledge gap of ecology, population size, distribution and response to fire for these taxa, document for the first time a species distribution pattern within the Torrington State Conservation Area and reveal previously undocumented plant–insect interactions for nine species, including likely pollination of Persoonia terminalis ssp. terminalis and Monotaxis macrophylla by native bee (Hymenoptera) and fly (Diptera) species. Our findings reveal that two species (Cassinia heleniae and Hakea macrorrhyncha) have scarce distribution and low population sizes, despite neither having a conservation listing and their threat status should be urgently assessed. Simple rapid on‐ground surveys can be more cost effective for delivering long‐term conservation outcomes for rare and threatened taxa and we advocate that future funding and prioritisation processes must support the immediate delivery of such surveys in response to disturbance events.

Induced Magnetization in Antiferromagnetic GdFeO3 by Nonmagnetic Titanium Substitution for Magnetic Switching and Storage Application

Room temperature ferromagnetism has been induced in antiferromagnetic GdFeO3 by substituting titanium at Gd site Gd1-xTixFeO3 (x=0.00 - 0.25). Perovskite GdFeO3 has been synthesized at lower temperature by chemical co-precipitation. Titanium substitution in gadolinium orthoferrite has transformed the perovskite phase to garnet phase confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Tolerance factor of perovskite structure has been reduced from 0.81 to 0.78 for x=0.25 Ti substitution. Antiparallel G-type electron spins of GdFeO3 has been distorted by structural change induced due to titanium substitution. Ferromagnetism has been increased to 0.74 emu/g from 0.5 emu/g by titanium substitution. Retentivity and coercivity has been also increased from 0.005 emu/g to 0.28 emu/g and 27 Oe to 218 Oe respectively. The increase in magnitude of ferromagnetic transition with respect of temperature has been significantly observed by high temperature magnetization measurement. Present process is easy to induce room temperature ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic GdFeO3 by distorting the structure at lower temperature by titanium substitution. The retentivity and coercivity produced at x=0.25 titanium substitution is useful for magnetic memory and switching application.

Saturated Porous Ferroconvection in a Ferrofluid Layer with Viscosity as a Function of Magnetic Field: Focus on Convective Boundary Condition

The present work aims to examine the influence of magnetic field dependent (MFD) viscosity on the onset of ferroconvection (FC) in a horizontal porous layer saturated with a quiescent ferrofluid (FF) and subjected to a uniform vertical magnetic field. It is assumed that the porous boundaries at the bottom and top are rigid-paramagnetic. The thermal conditions consist of a constant heat flux at the lower surface and a convective boundary condition at the upper surface, encompassing fixed temperature and uniform heat flux cases. The application of the Galerkin technique to the resulting eigenvalue problem reveals that the stability region expands as the porous parameter, Biot number, MFD viscosity parameter and magnetic susceptibility increase in magnitude. Conversely, the stability region contracts as the magnetic number and non-linearity of magnetization increase. Furthermore, it is noted that under uniform heat flux boundary conditions, the criterion for the initiation of ferroconvection remains unaffected by the non-linearity of fluid magnetization.

Youth with clipped wings: Bridging the gap from youth recruitment to representation in candidate lists

This article assesses the extent to which party youth wings participate in candidate selection and the factors that explain their (lack of) success, focusing on the interplay of formal and informal mechanisms with institutional rules. The results indicate an iceberg-shaped political recruitment ladder, with a stark compression of youth wing representation in the visible steps of candidates and MPs. More youth wing candidates are included in party lists as district magnitude increases, and there is evidence of an apprenticeship effect, with most youth wing candidates who are reselected able to improve their list position. More importantly, informal mechanisms and negotiations between youth wings and the mother party leadership emerge as a central factor in the ability of youth wings to influence candidate lists.

Carrion ecology in inland aquatic ecosystems: a systematic review.

Carrion ecology, i.e. the decomposition and recycling of dead animals, has traditionally been neglected as a key process in ecosystem functioning. Similarly, despite the large threats that inland aquatic ecosystems (hereafter, aquatic ecosystems) face, the scientific literature is still largely biased towards terrestrial ecosystems. However, there has been an increasing number of studies on carrion ecology in aquatic ecosystems in the last two decades, highlighting their key role in nutrient recirculation and disease control. Thus, a global assessment of the ecological role of scavengers and carrion in aquatic ecosystems is timely. Here, we systematically reviewed scientific articles on carrion ecology in aquatic ecosystems to describe current knowledge, identify research gaps, and promote future studies that will deepen our understanding in this field. We found 206 relevant studies, which were highly biased towards North America, especially in lotic ecosystems, covering short time periods, and overlooking seasonality, a crucial factor in scavenging dynamics. Despite the low number of studies on scavenger assemblages, we recorded 55 orders of invertebrates from 179 families, with Diptera and Coleoptera being the most frequent orders. For vertebrates, we recorded 114 species from 40 families, with birds and mammals being the most common. Our results emphasise the significance of scavengers in stabilising food webs and facilitating nutrient cycling within aquatic ecosystems. Studies were strongly biased towards the assessment of the ecosystem effects of carrion, particularly of salmon carcasses in North America. The second most common research topic was the foraging ecology of vertebrates, which was mostly evaluated through sporadic observations of carrion in the diet. Articles assessing scavenger assemblages were scarce, and only a limited number of these studies evaluated carrion consumption patterns, which serve as a proxy for the role of scavengers in the ecosystem. The ecological functions performed by carrion and scavengers in aquatic ecosystems were diverse. The main ecological functions were carrion as food source and the role of scavengers in nutrient cycling, which appeared in 52.4% (N = 108) and 46.1% (N = 95) of publications, respectively. Ecosystem threats associated with carrion ecology were also identified, the most common being water eutrophication and carrion as source of pathogens (2.4%; N = 5 each). Regarding the effects of carrion on ecosystems, we found studies spanning all ecosystem components (N = 85), from soil or the water column to terrestrial vertebrates, with a particular focus on aquatic invertebrates and fish. Most of these articles found positive effects of carrion on ecosystems (e.g. higher species richness, abundance or fitness; 84.7%; N = 72), while a minority found negative effects, changes in community composition, or even no effects. Enhancing our understanding of scavengers and carrion in aquatic ecosystems is crucial to assessing their current and future roles amidst global change, mainly for water-land nutrient transport, due to changes in the amount and speed of nutrient movement, and for disease control and impact mitigation, due to the predicted increase in occurrence and magnitude of mortality events in aquatic ecosystems.

Feasibility and repeatability of ultrasound-guided surface electroenterography to measure colonic slow wave motility in healthy adults

Surface electroenterography is a potential non-invasive alternative to current diagnostics of colonic motility disorders. However, electrode positioning in electroenterography is often based on general anatomy and may lack generalizability. Furthermore, the repeatability of electroenterography measurements is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate ultrasound-guided electrode positioning for electroenterography measurements and to determine the repeatability of those measurements. In ten healthy adults, two electroenterography procedures were performed, consisting of fasting, ultrasound-guided electrode localization and two 20-minute electroenterography recordings separated by a meal. The dominant frequency, the mean power density (magnitude of colonic motility) and the power percent difference (relative pre- to postprandial increase in magnitude) were determined. Repeatability was determined by Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. The results demonstrated that the dominant frequency did not differ between pre- and postprandial recordings and was 3 cpm, characteristic of colonic motility. The mean power density increased between the pre- and postprandial measurements, with an average difference of over 200%. The repeatability of both the dominant frequency and power density was poor to moderate, whereas the correlation coefficient of the power percent difference was poor. Concluding, ultrasound-guided surface electroenterography seems able to measure the gastrocolic reflex, but the dissatisfactory repeatability necessitates optimization of the measurement protocol.

Amplified Extreme Floods and Shifting Flood Mechanisms in the Delaware River Basin in Future Climates

AbstractHistorical records in the Delaware River Basin reveal complex and spatially diverse flood generating mechanisms influenced by the region's mountains‐to‐plains gradients. This study focuses on predicting future flood hazards and understanding the underlying drivers of changes across the region. Using a process‐based hydrological model, we analyzed the hydrometeorological condition of each historical and future flood event. For each event, at the subbasin scale, we identified the dominant flood generating mechanism, including snowmelt, rain‐on‐snow, short‐duration rain, and long‐duration rain. The rain‐induced floods are further categorized based on the soil's Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) before the event, whether dry, normal, or wet. Our historical analysis suggests that rain‐on‐snow is the primary flood mechanism of the Upper Basin. Although most frequent, the magnitude of rain‐on‐snow floods is often less severe than short rain floods. In contrast, historical floods in the Lower Basin are primarily caused by short rain under normal AMC. Given the uncertainties in climate projections, we used an ensemble of future climate scenarios for flood projections. Despite variations in regional climate projections, coherent perspectives emerge: the region will shift toward a warmer, wetter climate, with a projected intensification of extreme floods. The Upper Basin is projected to experience a marked decrease in rain‐on‐snow floods, but a substantial increase in short rain floods with wet AMC. The largest increase in flood magnitude will be driven by short rains with wet AMC in the Upper Basin and by short rains with normal AMC in the Lower Basin.

Seepage disturbance mechanism and interface force of cylindrical barrier in fracture

The fluid flow in the crack is disturbed by the contact area. The parallel-plate model with a circular cylindrical contact area is regarded as an idealization of the real contact fracture, and a computational fluid dynamics simulation is performed on it to analyze the interaction between the contact area and the flow around it. The size of the contact area controls the disturbance intensity to the flow velocity magnitude and the disturbance range to the velocity direction. Due to the existence of viscosity, the flow near the wall has a larger shear rate. The intermediate transition region is located between the contact area and the fracture lateral wall and does not contain the region with strong viscous friction caused by the wall. The flow velocity magnitude in the intermediate transition zone changes exponentially in space and has a peak value near the contact area. After the flow bypasses the contact area, the inertial effect caused by the increase in flow velocity magnitude in the local flow channel controls the generation and development of the low-velocity region and the asymmetric degree of the velocity direction distribution. Both the mechanical aperture and the inlet flow velocity affect the stress distribution on the surface of the contact area. The occurrence of the nonlinear flow behavior of fracture seepage and nonlinear change trend of logarithmic drag coefficient curve can be predicted with the same critical Reynolds number. These results provide a useful guide for further exploring the local flow and the surface stress distribution of the local interior geometric property in a single rough-walled fracture on the mesoscopic scale.

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Channel Disturbance Zones in Big River, Southeast Missouri (1937–2018)

abstract: Ozarks watersheds have responded to land clearing and settlement disturbances by transporting large amounts of gravel and sediment to main valleys of medium-large river systems. Historical gravel and sediment accumulate in disturbance zones, which are areas of excessive channel activity that can be detected over time using historical aerial photographs. This project uses a series of aerial photos from 1937–2018 to identify disturbance zones in the Big River of southeast Missouri, which has a history of lead mining and ore processing that has caused widespread contamination of the channel and floodplain deposits. Variations in active areas of the historical meander belt show that disturbance zones account for 24 percent of the channel length at an interval of one per 2.5 km of channel. Megabars and extensions are the most prominent types of disturbance zones, but translations and cutoffs are larger with higher potential for sediment storage. From 1937 to 1976, areas of channel activity have cycled between expansion and contraction. However, after a period of recovery prior to 1976, disturbance zone areas have been expanding over the last 40 years likely in response to an increase in flood magnitude and frequency from more high intensity rainfall events since 1973.

Fracturing and Dome‐Shaped Surface Displacements Above Laccolith Intrusions: Insights From Discrete Element Method Modeling

AbstractInflation of viscous magma intrusions in Earth's shallow crust often induces strain and fracturing within heterogeneous host rocks and dome‐shaped ground deformation. Most geodetic models nevertheless consider homogeneous, isotropic, and linear‐elastic media wherein stress patterns indicate the potential for failure, but without simulating actual fracturing. We present a two‐dimensional Discrete Element Method (DEM) application to simulate magma recharge in a pre‐existing laccolith intrusion. In DEM models, fractures can propagate during simulations. We systematically investigate the effect of the host rock toughness (resistance to fracturing), stiffness (resistance to deformation) and the intrusion depth, on intrusion‐induced stress, strain, displacement and spatial fracture distribution. Our results show that the spatial fracture distribution varies between two end‐members: (a) for high stiffness or low toughness host rock or a shallow intrusion: extensive cracking, multiple vertical surface fractures propagating downward and two inward‐dipping highly cracked shear zones that connect the intrusion tip with the surface; and (b) for low stiffness or high toughness host rock or a deeper intrusion: limited cracking, one central vertical fracture initiated at the surface, and two inward‐dipping fractures at the intrusion tips. Abrupt increases in surface displacement magnitude occur in response to fracturing, even at constant magma injection rates. Our modeling application provides a novel approach to considering host rock mechanical strength and fracturing during viscous magma intrusion and associated dome‐shaped ground deformation, with important implications for interpreting geodetic signals at active volcanoes and the exploitation of geothermal reservoirs and mineral deposits.