Increased Levels Of Interleukin-5 Research Articles

Tripterygium polyglycosid attenuates the established airway inflammation in asthmatic mice

To investigate the effect of Tripterygium polyglycosid on establishing airway eosinophil infiltration and related airway hyperresponsiveness of asthmatic mice. A mature murine asthmatic model was made with ovabulmin sensitized and challenged C57BL/6 mice. Forty mice were divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group: mice sensitized and challenged with saline (WS group), mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (WO group), mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and treated with Tripterygium polyglycosid (TP group) and Dexamethasone (DXM group). The mice were intraperitoneally injected with 20 μg chicken ovabulmin emulsified in injected alum on days 0 and 14, then were challenged with an aerosol generated from 1% ovabulmin on days 24, 25 and 26. Tripterygium polyglycosid was injected intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg on days 25, 26 and 27 after ovabulmin challenge. Dexamethasone was administrated to mice at 2 mg/kg on day 21, 23 before ovabulmin challenge. The airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus production, eosinophils in parabronchial area and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the level of interleukin-5, granulo-macrophage clone stimulating factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured as indexes of inflammation. Tripterygium polyglycosid treatment after ovabulmin challenge completely inhibited eosinophil infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [(0.63 ± 0.34)× 10(4) vs. (75.0 ± 14.8)× 10(4), P<0.05] and the peribrochial area (12.60 ± 3.48 mm(2) vs. 379.0 ± 119.3 mm(2), P<0.05), mucus overproduction in airway (2.8 ± 1.7 vs. 7.1±5.6, P<0.05), and increased interleukin-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (28.8 ± 2.8 pg/mL vs. 7.5 ± 3.5 pg/mL, P<0.05). Meanwhile, Tripterygium polyglycosid treatment after ovabulmin challenge also partially inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness. The level of granulo-macrophage clone stimulating factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid didn't change with drugs intervention. The administration of Tripterygium polyglycosid could inhibit the established airway inflammation and reduce the airway hyperresponsiveness of allergic asthmatic mice. It provides a possible alternative therapeutic for asthma.

Influence of Helminth Infections on the Clinical Course of and Immune Response toLeishmania braziliensisCutaneous Leishmaniasis

Helminth infections influence the clinical outcome of and immune response to certain immune-mediated diseases. We conducted a cohort study of 120 patients to examine the role that intestinal helminth infection plays in the clinical course of and immune response to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) treated with pentavalent antimony. Patients coinfected with Leishmania braziliensis and helminths took longer to heal (relative hazard for healing, 0.47 [95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.85]; P=.01) than patients with CL without helminths, with 70% of coinfected patients being cured at 90 days, compared with 92% of helminth-free patients. Coinfected patients had an immune response shifted toward the T helper 2 type, with increased total immunoglobulin E levels (P<.06) and a tendency toward increased interleukin-5 levels, compared with helminth-free patients with CL. Helminths influence both the clinical outcome and the immune response of patients with CL. These results may have clinical implications for the care of patients with CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis, because screening for and treatment of helminths may improve responses to treatment and possibly reduce the risk of progression to mucosal disease.

Increased Interleukin-5 Levels in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Is a Major Factor for Eosinophil Accumulation in Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

Background: Increased interleukin-5 (IL-5) levels have been reported in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP); however, it still remains to be determined whether IL-5 is responsible for the eosinophil accumulation in the lung. Objective: We examined the effect of antibodies against cytokines on eosinophil chemotaxis induced by BALF from AEP patients to identify factors responsible for eosinophil accumulation. Methods: We measured a series of specific cytokines, including IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α and eotaxin, in the BALF from 4 patients with AEP. BALF from 4 patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) and 13 patients with non-eosinophilic interstitial lung diseases (ILD) were examined as controls. The eosinophil chemotactic activity in the BALF was examined using tissue culture insert furnished with a polycarbonate membrane. Results: The total protein content in BALF from patients with AEP was extremely elevated. Even after standardization with protein concentration, IL-5 levels in AEP patients were significantly higher than those in CEP and ILD. IL-3 and chemokines were rather lower in the AEP group than in the CEP and ILD groups. In AEP BALF, anti-IL-5 neutralizing antibody significantly inhibited eosinophil chemotaxis. Antibodies against IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-8 did not affect the eosinophil migration. Conclusion: These findings suggest that locally produced IL-5 plays an important role in eosinophil accumulation of AEP.

Activation of lymphocytes and increased interleukin-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in acute eosinophilic pneumonia

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a recently described illness and the number of case reports has increased during the last few years. However, the role of interleukin (IL)-5 and activated lymphocytes in the pathogenesis or activity of AEP is still not clear. The clinical features, lymphocyte surface analysis and IL-5 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood (PB) of a young female patient with AEP are described before and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 months after a 3-day course of i.v. methylprednisolone. Serum and BALF concentrations of IL-5 before treatment were 5,200 and 8,400 pg x mL(-1), respectively. Activated CD4 lymphocytes bearing CD25 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR in BALF were higher than in PB. Treatment caused a rapid fall in these cells and levels of IL-5 in BALF returned to normal levels in parallel with clinical improvement. There was no evidence of recurrence after cessation of steroid therapy. In contrast, eosinophilia in BALF persisted for 4 weeks after steroid therapy in spite of normalization of the chest radiograph and arterial blood gases. The number of CD8+CD11b- (suppressor/cytotoxic) T-cells subsequently increased while the number of CD8+CD11b+ cells decreased. These results suggest that activated CD4 cells and interleukin-5 elevation contribute to the development of acute eosinophilic pneumonia rather than persistent eosinophilia in the lung and that a short course of steroid therapy may effectively control acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

Interferon-gamma and interleukin-5 production by mice in response to genital infection by the mouse pneumonitis agent of Chlamydia trachomatis.

Mice sensitized with a chlamydial detergent extract and then genitally infected by Chlamydia trachomatis have increased genital inflammation characterized by elevated eosinophils, but do not have increased protective immunity. In contrast, mice infected previously by C. trachomatis show strong protective immunity. The authors studied interferon-gamma levels (associated with protective immunity) and interleukin-5 levels (the major cytokine responsible for eosinophilia). To evaluate protective and nonprotective immune responses to chlamydial infection. The authors examined interferon-gamma and interleukin-5 levels in the genitalia during chlamydial genital infection among three groups of mice: extract-sensitized, sham-sensitized, and infected previously. Interferon-gamma levels peaked between 24 and 72 hours after chlamydial infection and then declined among all groups of mice. Overall, interleukin-5 levels increased throughout infection. Interleukin-5 levels apparently continued to increase over the 5-week period after primary infection. Increased interferon-gamma levels were associated with an early response to chlamydial genital infection. Increased interleukin-5 levels were associated with a more persistent immune response.

Eosinophilic inflammation is associated with elevation of interleukin-5 in the airways of patients with spontaneous symptomatic asthma

In vitro and in vivo studies have shown an important role for interleukin-5 (IL-5) in regulating eosinophil proliferation, survival, and effector function. Because eosinophilic inflammation is an important component of symptomatic episodes of asthma, we have investigated whether increased levels of IL-5 protein are present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with spontaneously symptomatic asthma (FEV 1, 61% predicted; FEF 25%-75%, 30% predicted) compared with patients with asymptomatic asthma (FEV 1, 88% predicted; FEF 25%-75%, 76% predicted). The percent of BAL eosinophils (10.5% vs 0.6%) ( p = 0.0001) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (386.0 ng/ml vs 6.3 ng/ml) ( p = 0.0001) was greater in BAL fluids derived from patients with symptomatic asthma compared with patients with asymptomatic asthma. Levels of IL-5 measured with an immunoradiometric assay were significantly higher in patients with symptomatic asthma ( n = 26) compared with those with asymptomatic asthma ( n = 18) (274 pg/ml vs <13 pg/ml) ( p = 0.02). The increased IL-5 levels were noted in a subset of patients with symptomatic asthma with BAL absolute eosinophil counts greater than 10 6 (IL-5, 664 pg/ml; n = 10) as opposed to patients with symptomatic asthma with BAL eosinophil counts less than 10 6 (IL-5, <13 pg/ml; n = 16) ( p = 0.005). This study suggests that IL-5 is not only induced in experimental models of allergen-induced asthma but can also be detected as asthma progresses from the asymptomatic to the clinically symptomatic state in subjects with significant BAL eosinophilia. (J A LLERGY C LIN I MMUNOL 1995;96:661-8.)