Increase In High-density Lipoprotein Levels Research Articles

Efficacy of Fetal Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by abdominal obesity, increased blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and triglyceride levels, and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs)-derived small extracellular vesicles' (sEVs) preparations in managing MetS. Twenty-four rats were fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet to induce MetS for 16 weeks and randomized into three groups (n = 8/group): a MetS Control group treated with normal saline, MetS Low Dose (LD) group treated with a LD of sEVs preparations (3 × 109 particle/rat), and MetS High Dose (HD) group treated with a HD of sEVs preparations (9 × 109 particles/rat). The Control Non-Disease (ND) group was given a standard rat diet and autoclaved tap water with normal saline as treatment. Treatments were given via intravenous injection every three weeks for twelve weeks. Rats were assessed every six weeks for physical measurements, FBG, lipid profiles, CRP, leptin, adiponectin, and BP. Necropsy evaluation was performed on the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidney. Significant reductions in FBG, triglycerides, BP, and increased HDL levels were observed in the treated groups compared to the control group. However, significant abdominal circumference (AC) improvement was not observed in the treated groups. Non-significant associations were found between fasting CRP, leptin, and adiponectin levels with MetS rats after treatment. In addition, sEVs preparations improved inflammation and hemorrhage in the lung and mineralisation in the renal of the treated group. Human fetal WJMSCs-derived sEVs preparations improve all the clusters of MetS in rats except AC and could be further explored as a treatment for MetS.

Effect of Ketapang Leaf Extract on HDL Levels of Rattus norvegicus Induced by High-fat Foods

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions to transport cholesterol from the blood vessel endothelium to the liver and excreted through the digestive tract so that it does not cause dyslipidemia, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Current treatment for dyslipidemia uses long-term statin drugs, which can cause various side effects, so herbal alternatives such as ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.), which contain flavonoids and have the effect of increasing HDL levels, needed to be evaluated to achieve that reason. This study aims to evaluate whether ketapang leaf extract has an effect on increasing blood HDL levels. This research used experimental animals with a pretest and a posttest with a control group design. It was conducted at the Biochemistry Laboratory and Laboratory Animal Management Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, from September to December 2023. This study used Wistar strain male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were induced on a high-fat diet, divided into five groups: negative control, positive control (given simvastatin), treatment 1 (given 21 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract), treatment 2 (given 42 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract) and treatment 3 (given 84 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract). The study results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the average HDL levels before and after treatment in the positive control, treatment 2, and therapy three groups. Thus, the study concluded that ketapang leaf extract affected increasing HDL levels of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Vitamin D Is Associated with Lipid Metabolism: A Sex- and Age-Dependent Analysis of a Large Outpatient Cohort.

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid that influences cardiovascular health by affecting lipid metabolism. Since dyslipidemia is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), our study aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and lipid parameters, considering the effects of age and gender. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 47,778 outpatients, we analyzed correlations between two forms of vitamin D-25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D)-and lipid parameters, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC). Subgroup analyses by age and gender provided additional insights. Results: Results showed that 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with LDL and TC across the cohort. This association was particularly evident in men over 50, whereas women showed a positive correlation with LDL and TC before age 50 and a negative correlation after. HDL levels positively correlated with 25(OH)D across all age groups, with the strongest association in postmenopausal women. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D showed a positive correlation only with HDL in individuals over 50, with no significant correlation with LDL or TC in any age group. Conclusions: In conclusion, findings from this cross-sectional study underscore an association between elevated levels of 25(OH)D and more favorable lipid profiles, characterized by reduced LDL and total cholesterol, as well as increased HDL levels. This association is particularly pronounced among individuals over 50 years of age and postmenopausal women.

Abstract 4131381: Comparison of Dietary Macronutrient Interventions for Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Reduction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Dietary interventions play a crucial role in weight management and reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Our study aims to compare the effectiveness of four dietary macronutrient interventions on weight loss and cardiovascular (CV) risk factor reduction through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library up till May 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing four macronutrient dietary interventions including Mediterranean Diet (MD), Keto, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Intermittent Fasting (IF) with study period ≥ 6 months or 24 weeks. The primary outcomes of interest were weight loss, systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Body Mass Index (BMI), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density Lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Outcomes were reported as standard mean difference (SMD). Results: Our analysis identified 50 studies enrolling 5368 patients (MD=3554; DASH=838; Keto=206; IF=770). Regarding BP outcome, MD and DASH had significant reduction in SBP and DBP respectively (MD [SBP]: -0.76 mmHg vs DASH [DBP]: -1.92 mmHg) respectively. In contrast, IF showed a significant rise in SBP (0.87). MD participants also had significant weight loss (-1.06 kg) and a moderate decrease in BMI (-0.79) when compared with other diets. Furthermore, IF, keto, and MD showed moderate increase in HDL levels (0.61, 0.77 and 0.33) respectively. In contrast, DASH resulted in a moderate decline in HDL levels (-0.92). IF and MD resulted in modest decline in LDL levels (-0.45 and -0.42) respectively. In contrast, Keto demonstrated non-significant rise in LDL (0.35). DASH showed a significant decrease in triglycerides (-3.02). Lastly, MD demonstrated a significant reduction in CRP (-0.89). Conclusions: MD and DASH were superior to other dietary interventions in terms of weight loss and CV risk factors. Further research is required to tailor specific types of dietary interventions and assess their long-term efficacy on weight loss and CV risk reduction.

Lipoprotein (a) and lipidemic parameters in PCSK-9 inhibitor patients. Experience from a specialized centre in Greece

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported an association between Proprotein Convertase Subtilsin-kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibition and levels of lipoprotein a [Lp (a)], having a possible effect on the cardiovascular benefit achieved by their use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PCSK-9 inhibitor use in Lp (a) and other lipidemic parameter levels in the population of a specialized Lipids Clinic during a follow up period of 24 months. Methods We enrolled 143 (80 males, mean age 60 years old) patients who were on PSCK-9 inhibitor treatment from the outpatient lipid clinic of our hospital. Information were obtained regarding the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and CAD risk factors. CAD was present in 72 patients (63%), Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) in 97 patients (85%) and 20 (18%) patients suffered from statin intolerance. Patients were on triple lipid lowering therapy (statin plus ezetimibe plus PCSK-9 inhibitors) except for those with statin intolerance who were either on dual therapy (ezetimibe plus PCSK-9 inhibitors, N=8) or single PCSK-9 inhibitors therapy (N=10). Lp (a) levels and lipid parameters such as Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides (TG) were measured at baseline, 3 months, 12 months and 24 months of treatment. Additionally, patients were categorized according to baseline Lp (a) levels in two groups, Group 1 (<70mg/dl) (N=62), Group 2 (≥70 mg/dl) (N=26). A comparison of the response in lipid parameters between these two groups was performed. Results Mean value for Lp (a) in the whole population was 54mg/dl, 48mg/dl, 44mg/dl, and 45mg/dl at baseline, 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively. T test analysis revealed a significant reduction in Lp (a) levels after 12 months (P<0.05) There was also a significant reduction in LDL levels at all time points (165mg/dl to 78mg/dl, 85mg/dl, 78mg/dl respectively, P<0.05), a reduction in triglyceride levels at 3 and 12 months (125mg/dl to 110mg/dl, 108mg/dl respectively, P<0.05) and an increase in HDL levels after 12 months (50mg/dl to 53mg/dl, P<0.05). Moreover, in Group 1, the response in LDL levels was higher after 12 months of treatment with PCSK-9 inhibitors (158mg/dl to 69mg/dl, P<0.05) compared to Group 2 (155mg/dl to 86mg/dl), indicating that high levels of Lp (a) seem to define the response to treatment. Colclusions Besides the detrimental effect in LDL levels, PCSK-9 inhibition has an impact on HDL and TG levels. Lp (a) was also reduced indicating an additional important effect of this inhibition. While higher levels of Lp (a) seem to correlate with poorer response to treatment, our findings enhance the already known importance of Lp (a) as a prognostic factor.

The effect of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Review

A group of metabolic abnormalities known as the metabolic syndrome (MS) are typified by a number of cardiovascular risk factors that are typically linked to central fat buildup and insulin resistance. Insufficient dietary modifications and weight loss, linked to consistent physical exercise, are regarded as primary and first-choice treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS). These interventions help decrease visceral fat and belly circumference, enhance insulin sensitivity, lower plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations, increase high-density lipoprotein levels, and ultimately lower the risk factors that lead to type 2 diabetes. The MS is a topic of study in the medical community right now since it is associated with conditions that not only have a high death rate globally but also exhibit rising occurrence. Deregulation of the proteins, fats, and carbohydrates involved in metabolism causes type 2diabetes, which can lead to reduced insulin production, insulin resistance, or a combination of the two. With 90% of cases, type 2 diabetes is the most common of the three kinds of the disease. Being a chronic and complicated illness, diabetes necessitates close medical monitoring in order to lower risks and develop control techniques. Given its rapid epidemic expansion on a global scale in recent years, it is regarded as one of the pandemics of the twenty-first century. This review was non-systematic and advanced, examining the MS in individuals with type 2 diabetes by consulting multiple literatures and analyzing some new publications.

Utilizing Cinnamomum verum (a culinary spice), as a functional food ingredient ameliorating hypercholesterolemia: In-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico multi-model analysis

Hypercholesterolemia involves elevated levels of total cholesterol (T.C.), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL), linked to sedentary lifestyles, irregular eating habits, high-fat diets, type 2 diabetes, and various hereditary and environmental factors. It poses significant health risks, including high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of ethanolic extract of Cinnamon in hypercholesterolemia-induced rats using in-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico approaches. In the present work, thirty female Albino rats were divided into six groups: Group I (basal diet), Group II (high-fat diet), Group III (statin treatment), and Groups IV-VI (high-fat diet with different doses of cinnamon extract). Serum lipid profiles were measured after four weeks of treatment. In-vitro HMG-CoA reductase inhibition was assessed. In-silico studies, including molecular docking, ADME analysis, toxicity prediction, and molecular dynamics (M.D.) simulations, were conducted. DFT studies with MESP/HOMO/LUMO analysis provided electronic property insights. High-fat diet increased body weight and serum lipid levels in rats. Cinnamon extract significantly reduces body weight and serum LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides while increasing HDL levels. Histopathology showed reduced fat accumulation and normal liver morphology in cinnamon-treated groups. In-vitro analysis revealed significant HMG-CoA reductase inhibition by cinnamon extract. In-silico docking confirmed strong binding affinities of cinnamon compounds to HMG-CoA reductase. ADME analysis and toxicity prediction indicated favorable pharmacokinetics. MD simulations showed stable ligand-protein complexes, and DFT studies highlighted the electronic properties of active compounds. To conclude, the cinnamon ethanolic extract demonstrated effective lipid-lowering properties in hypercholesterolemic rats, supported by in-vitro and in-silico analyses, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and clinical outcomes.

Effect of dates on blood glucose and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes

Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality. There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes. This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and microbial markers. Four literature databases were searched for relevant articles. Of the 595 studies retrieved, 24 assessed the effects of dates on glycemic control and lipids. Overall, the evidence suggests that dates have a lowering effect on blood glucose. Dates reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels. Dates also promote the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota. Therefore, patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia can consume dates to reduce their blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Effects of belimumab on the lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: an observational study.

This study is asked to investigate the effects of belimumab on the lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Forty-one SLE patients who received at least 6months of belimumab treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The control group consisted of 56 age- and sex-matched lupus patients not treated with belimumab. The changes in lipid profile after a 6-month treatment were compared between the two groups. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were performed to examine lipid levels longitudinally during the period and the effect of clinical response variables and medication on the lipid profile in the belimumab group. In the belimumab group, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels increased significantly after the 6-month treatment (P = 0.02). After 1month, HDL, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) significantly increased by 13.8 and 11.4%, compared with baseline, respectively. After 3months, HDL and apoA-I increased by 9.0 and 7.1%, respectively. After 6months, HDL increased by 7.6% compared with baseline. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B did not change significantly over the course of treatment. GEE analyses indicated a significant association between HDL and disease activity indexes, such as IgG, anti-dsDNA, and complement C3. Subgroup analysis revealed significant changes in HDL only in patients who had achieved a ≥ 4-point reduction in SLEDAI-2K after 6months of belimumab treatment. Belimumab treatment may result in a long-term increase in HDL level in SLE patients by improving control of lupus activity. This might have beneficial effects on controlling cardiovascular risk in lupus patients. Key Points • Treatment with belimumab resulted in a significant and sustained increase in the HDL levels in SLE patients. • Significant changes in HDL were observed in lupus patients treated with belimumab who had a better clinical response.

Exercise: Just What the Doctor Ordered, But Why? Elucidating Mechanisms for Women's Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Benefit From Exercise and for the Health ABC Study.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is protective against cardiovascular disease. Exercise can increase HDL concentration, and some evidence suggests that this effect occurs more strongly in women than in men. Both HDL and exercise are associated with inflammation. We hypothesized a sex-by-exercise interaction on HDL level, whereby women would benefit from exercise more strongly than men, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and serum soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 would mediate this relationship. This study included 2,957 older adult participants (1,520 women; 41% Black, 59% White; 73.6-years-old) from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Regression models revealed a positive exercise-HDL relationship in women only (sex-by-exercise interaction: β = 0.09, p = .013; exercise on HDL in women: β = 0.07, p = .015), mediated by TNFα (axb = 0.15; CI: 0.01, 0.30), suggesting that exercise may increase HDL levels in women through reduced inflammation. Given that vascular risk contributes to Alzheimer's disease risk, findings have implications for sex differences in AD risk factors.

Antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of <i>Irvingia wombolu</i> seeds in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rat

The antidyslipidemic activity of Irvingia wombolu ethanol seeds extract was studied in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rats.Forty five (45) Wstar rats were grouped into 5 groups of 9 rats each. The animals were allowed 7 days acclimatization period. Group 1 was the control group and it received normal rat chow and water throughout the study. Groups 2 to 5 were given high fat diet for 14 days after which they were given normal rat chow till the end of the study. At the end of the 14 days, group 2 was not treated while group 3-5 were treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg b.w ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds respectively for 28 days. The lipid profile of animals was evaluated three times: first after 14 days induction period (phase 1) i.e day 0 of treatment, second was taken 14 days after treatment (phase 2), third was taken 28 days after treatment (phase 3). The study lasted for 49 days and dimethyl sulphoxide was used as a vehicle for the extract. In phase 1, all the groups fed with high fat diet showed an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride, total cholesterol and a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In phase 2 there was a decrease in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level in addition to increase in HDL for animals in all the treatment groups. It was observed that in phase 3 only 250mg/kg group showed a progressive decrease in LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol and an increase in HDL levels while 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w showed an increase in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level and a decrease in HDL. The result of the present study demonstrated the antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds at lower dose.

Metabolic effects of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus might be mitigated by grape pomace flour

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to varying metabolic insults. Grape pomace, a byproduct of the winemaking industry, is under investigation as a potential therapy for T2DM due to its abundant content of bioactive polyphenols and dietary fiber. Within the current backdrop of environmental concerns, the conversion of grape pomace into a safe and applicable form, with the aim of promoting sustainable management of environmental waste, acts as a catalyst for the emergence of viable alternatives. Grape pomace flour (GPF) represents an economical and feasible solution. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of GPF would improve the glycemic control and the associated risk factors in T2DM-induced animals. In this sense, the present study, approved by CEUA UFPel No 033578/2022-14, aimed to evaluate the effect of the GPF from ‘Arinto’ and ‘Touriga Nacional’ grape varieties on biochemical and histopathological parameters in an animal model of T2DM. To induce T2DM, rats were given a high-fat diet and a Streptozotocin (STZ) injection (35 mg/kg). The rats were divided into five groups: Control (CT), T2DM, T2DM+Metformin (Met) (250 mg/kg), T2DM+'Arinto' GPF 10% (WGPF), and T2DM+'Touriga Nacional' GPF 10% (RGPF). Results showed that Met, WGPF, and RGPF groups had significantly lower blood glucose ( p<0.05, P<0.001, and p<0.01, respectively) and triglyceride levels ( p<0.001) compared to the T2DM group. Also, we observed a significant increase in serum cholesterol levels in the T2DM when compared to the CT ( p<0.01), that was reversed in the treated groups. Additionally, the T2DM+RGPF group had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to the control group ( p<0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed structural changes in the pancreas in the T2DM animals, while tissue damage was not observed in the Met and GPF supplementation groups. In conclusion, both 'Arinto' and 'Touriga Nacional' GPF demonstrated protective effects against increased blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in a T2DM animal model. 'Touriga Nacional' GPF also increased HDL levels and showed protective effects on pancreatic cell structure. This suggests that GPF could be a promising dietary option for T2DM and its complications. FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDB/04567/2020 CBIOS, and UIDP/04567/2020 CBIOS), Pelotas Federal University (UFPel), and Brazil's Federal Government (CNPq). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Jatropha curcas L. Leaf Extract Effects on Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels in Hypertensive Rats with High-Fat Diet

Background: One of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) is dyslipidaemia or high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Hypertension is also a cause of cardiovascular disease. One potential plant to lower LDL levels and blood pressure is Jatropha curcas, which is known to contain saponins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of Jatropha curcas leaves (EEJCL) on blood pressure, LDL levels, and HDL levels in hypertensive rats given a high-fat diet. Methods: This study is an experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design on male Wistar strain rats. Rats were divided into seven groups, namely the normal group, control group (induced with NaCl and given a high-fat diet), Captopril group, Simvastatin group, and EEJCL groups given doses of 1.8, 2.7, and 4.05 g/kg BW. The data obtained were analysed using the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Homogeneity of Variance, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey Test. Results: The results showed that the administration of EEJCL could significantly lower LDL levels and blood pressure and increase HDL levels (p < 0.05) at doses of 1.8, 2.7, and 4.05 g/kg BW, and the dose of 4.05 g/KgBW was the most optimal dose. Conclusion: EEJCL has a potential for development in the treatment of hypertension and dyslipidaemia.

Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Mangifera haden Seeds on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

The present study investigated the effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seeds on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in wistar albino rats. The phytochemical compositions and acute toxicity studies of crude extract and Mangifera haden seed fraction were determined using standard methods. Albino rats (60) randomly grouped into twelve of five rats each were used for this study. Determination of total bilirubin and protein, lipid peroxidation, liver enzymes marker, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, lipid profile analysis and histological examination were carried out using standard methods. Phytochemical constituents of crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seed showed that they contain relative amount of flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, triterpenes, alkaloids and coumarins. Liver injury was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg body weight of the animals. All the CCl4 intoxicated rats displayed hyperlipidemia as shown by their elevated levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and reduction in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The administration of ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seeds significantly (P = 0.05) lowered the levels of serum TC, TAG, LDL, and increased HDL levels. The level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly (P = 0.05) increased in the CCl4 group as compared to the normal and treated groups. The elevated level of serum MDA decreased (P = 0.05) significantly at the treatment of rats with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of ethyl acetate fraction. The rats treated with CCl4 produced significant (P = 0.05) increase in serum ALT, AST and ALP when compared to the normal group. Animals treated with varying doses of ethyl acetate fraction produced significant (P = 0.05) reduction of serum ALT, AST and ALP activities when compared to the CCl4-untreated group. The activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and glutathione concentration significantly (P = 0.05) decreased in CCl4­-untreated group compared to the normal group. The decreased activities of the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione concentration in CCl4 intoxicated rats were ameliorated/modulated more effectively in rats treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seed. Total bilirubin (TB) concentrations significantly (P = 0.05) increased in CCl4-untreated group when compared to the normal group. Oral treatment of rats with varying doses (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) of ethyl acetate fraction caused a significant (P = 0.05) decrease in the serum TB levels. Administration of CCl4 showed a reduction in serum total proteins. Treatment of the animals with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of ethyl acetate fraction caused significant (P = 0.05) increase in serum total potein. Histological examination showed hepatoprotective properties of plant’s fractions. The compounds found in the different fractions (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of Mangifera haden seeds are 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, (Z) –Oleic acid and so on. Therefore the medicinal importance of the plant is been established.

Comparison of Metformin and Myoinositol on Clinical, Hormonal and Metabolic Profile of Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Open-label Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: The prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), one of the common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age, varies from 2.2% to 26% globally. The treatment for PCOS aims to reduce Body Mass Index (BMI), improve underlying hormonal disturbances, prevent future reproductive and metabolic complications, and enhance the quality of life. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of metformin and Myoinositol (MI) on the metabolic, hormonal, and clinical profiles in PCOS. Materials and Methods: An open-label randomised clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Chengelpet, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2019 to May 2020. The study included 80 women with PCOS who were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received metformin 1500 mg/day (in three divided doses), while the other group received MI 1 gram/day for three months. At the end of the 12-week therapy, the participants were evaluated for changes in clinical, metabolic, and hormonal profiles. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, proportion, mean, and standard deviation were used for quantitative data. Results: Both the metformin and MI-treated groups showed a significant reduction in BMI, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin. Both drugs were equally effective in changing the hormonal profile. There was a significant improvement in lipid parameters in both groups, with High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels being more significantly raised in the metformin group. The post-treatment HDL values in the metformin group were 75.69±19.16 mg/dL compared to 41.43±6.18 mg/dL in the MI group (p<0.0001). Both groups demonstrated similar efficacy in improving menstrual regularity, with 60% of the patients in the metformin group and 65% in the MI group having regular cycles at the end of treatment. Among infertility patients, the conception rate was 40% in the metformin group and 25% in the MI group (p=0.70). Conclusion: Both drugs were equally efficient in improving the clinical, metabolic, and hormonal profiles in PCOS. Metformin was found to be superior to MI in improving fertility and increasing HDL levels.

The potential of Myrmecodia pendans in preventing complications of diabetes mellitus as an antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agent.

Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to dyslipidemia, which is a risk factor for macrovascular complications such as heart disease and stroke. Aside from administering antidiabetic medications, DM treatment can also be achieved through the use of natural components, such as Myrmecodia pendans, commonly known as the ant nest plant (ANP). This study aimed to investigate the impact of administering the ANP on the lipid profile of Wistar rats. A group of 20 rats was divided into two categories: 6 rats served as healthy controls (H), while the remaining 14 rats were subjected to a high-lipid diet and streptozotocin to generate a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diabetic rats were divided into two groups: the DM group consisted of rats that did not receive any treatment, while the ANP group was administered the herb orally. The results revealed significant variations in triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels among the three groups (p < 0.05). The post hoc test revealed disparities in triglyceride and LDL between those in the DM group and the ANP group (p < 0.05). Myrmecodia pendans demonstrated the ability to decrease triglyceride and LDL, while increasing HDL levels in rats with T2DM.

Fatty acid profiles and cholesterol of muscovy duck meats supplemented with cellulase, carnitine and fish oil

This present study was carried out to investigate the inclusion effect of carnitine, cellulase, and fish oil on fatty acids composition and cholesterol level of Muscovy duck eggs. A total of 120 Muscovy ducks in laying period were utilized and assigned into 4 dietary treatments, 5 replicates consisting of 6 ducks each, receiving treatments for 90 days. Experimental groups composed of T0 = basal ration, T1 = T0 supplemented with 0,1% cellulase, T2 = T1 supplemented with L-carnitine 40 ppm, and T3 = T2 supplemented with 4% tuna fish oil. This study revealed that the effects of fish oil and L-carnitine supplementation in rations containing cellulase enzyme significantly lower cholesterol level (P<0.01) of Muscovy duck eggs from 867.42 mg/dl to 712.33 mg/dl, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) from 28.33 to 22.12 mg/dl, saturated fatty acids from 30.88% to 25.02%. Meanwhile it increased the total concentration of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) from 71.67 to 77.88 mg/dl, unsaturated fatty acid from 69.12% to 74.98%, linolenic acids from 5.71% to 8.40%, and linoleic acids from 28.74% to 37.30%. A diet rich in cellulase enzyme, carnitine, and fish oil notably increased HDL level, along with the reduction of LDL and total cholesterol.

Effects of biologic drug therapy on body weight, appetite, and blood lipid profile in patients with psoriasis

Obesity and dyslipidemia are frequently observed in patients with psoriasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biological therapy on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), appetite, and blood lipid profiles in patients with psoriasis. A total of 83 patients receiving biologic therapy (n=44) [anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) (n=5), interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitor (n=13), IL-17 inhibitor (n=20), and IL-23 inhibitor (n=6)] and conventional therapy (n=39) [methotrexate (MTX) (n=25) and acitretin (n=14)] were included in the study. The patient’s baseline and current BW, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plasma triglyceride values, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were retrospectively screened. Appetite was assessed with the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). The mean BW percent change values were found to increase by 2.40±2.30 kg, 2.38±4.13 kg, and 0.40±3.47 kg in patients taking anti-TNFα, IL-12/23 inhibitor, and IL-17 inhibitor agents, respectively, decrease by -0.60±0.89 kg in those receiving an IL-23 inhibitor; increase by 0.52±3.40 kg and 1.38±2.79 kg in those receiving MTX and acitretin, respectively. The triglyceride percent change rates increased with MTX (27.46±52.87 mg/dl) (p=0.029). Anti-TNFα and ixekizumab increased HDL percent change rates (21.44±20.99 mg/dl and 24.4±35.40 mg/dl, respectively) (p=0.044 and p=0.005). Although the SNAQ scores were similar in patients using conventional and biological drugs, a negative correlation was observed between the SNAQ scores and the PASI change (p=0.049, r=-0.221). In addition, an increase in BMI had a negative correlation with the PASI change (p=0.01, r=-0.282). Anti-TNFα and IL-12-23 inhibitors increased BW. While MTX increased triglyceride levels, anti-TNFα and ixekizumab increased HDL levels. In the treatment of psoriasis, the presence of obesity and blood lipid profiles should be considered in the selection of the appropriate treatment for each patient.

Effect of camel milk on lipid profile among patients with diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials

The effects of camel milk (CM) intake on lipid profile among patients with diabetes remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to calculate the effect size of CM intake on blood lipids among patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. We searched nine databases from inception until December 31, 2022, to identify relevant RCTs. Effect sizes for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were calculated and expressed using mean differences (MD) and confidence intervals (CI). Of 4,054 retrieved articles, 10 RCTs (a total of 347 participants aged 8–70 years, 60.5% male) were eligible for inclusion. The pooled results from a random-effects model showed statistically significant decreases in TC (MD − 21.69, 95% CI: 41.05, − 2.33; p = 0.03; I2=99%), TG (MD − 19.79, 95% CI: −36.16, − 3.42; p=0.02, I2=99%), and LDL (MD −11.92, CI: −20.57, −3.26; p = 0.007, I2=88%), and a significant increase in HDL (MD 10.37, 95% CI, 1.90, 18.84; p=0.02, I2=95%) in patients with diabetes supplemented with CM compared with usual care alone. Subgroup analysis revealed that only long-term interventions (> 6 months) elicited a significant reduction in TC levels and TG levels. Consumption of fresh CM by patients with diabetes resulted in significant reductions in TC, TG, and LDL levels, while showing a significant increase in HDL levels. Patients with T1D elicited a more beneficial effect in lowering TC, LDL, and TG levels and in increasing HDL levels than their corresponding partners with T2D. In conclusion, long-term consumption of CM for patients with diabetes, especially those with T1D, could be a useful adjuvant therapy to improve lipid profile alongside prescribed medications. However, the high heterogeneity in the included studies suggests that more RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations are required to improve the robustness of the available evidence.

The effect of acarbose on lipid profiles in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

PurposeDyslipidemia, characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several studies have shown the potential of acarbose in improving serum lipid markers. However, there have been conflicting results on the topic in adults. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of acarbose on lipid profiles.MethodsThe random-effects approach was used to combine the data, and the results were provided as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOur meta-analysis included a total of 74 studies with a combined sample size of 7046 participants. The results of the analysis showed that acarbose resulted in a reduction in levels of TG (WMD = − 13.43 mg/dl, 95% CI: − 19.20, − 7.67; P < 0.001) and TC (WMD = − 1.93 mg/dl, 95% CI: − 3.71, − 0.15; P = 0.033), but did not affect other lipid markers. When conducting a nonlinear dose-response analysis, we found that acarbose was associated with an increase in levels of HDL (coefficients = 0.50, P = 0.012), with the highest increase observed at a dosage of 400 mg/d. Furthermore, our findings suggested a non-linear relationship between the duration of the intervention and TC (coefficients = − 18.00, P = 0.032), with a decline observed after 50 weeks of treatment.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that acarbose can reduce serum levels of TG and TC. However, no significant effects were observed on LDL or HDL levels.