Increase Government Revenue Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF TAX COMPLIANCE OF MSME OWNERS AFTER THE TAX HARMONISATION LAW

Tax is one of the largest sources of state revenue. Tax compliance can increase government revenue and improve the stability of a country’s economy. As one of the driving tools of the country’s economy, MSMEs are also closely related to taxes. To increase tax awareness among MSME owners, the government has provided a small portion of the income tax rate to MSME owners, equivalent to 0.5% of the company’s gross turnover (sales) based on the HPP Law if it exceeds Rp.500,000,000.00. This qualitative study aims to analyze the understanding of MSME tax actors in the South Bangka region by understanding the current tax rates and office of MSME actors. The survey shows that MSME actors’ understanding of the reduction in income tax rates and tax administration is still low. Lower income tax rates and poor tax administration performance lead to low tax compliance among MSME actors.

Free Trade vs. Protectionism: Exploring the Rationale Behind Trade Barriers

International trade plays a crucial role in the global economy. Today, more than 25% of global output is exported goods. Among them, specialization is the core of international trade because countries could apply their comparative advantage to increase productivity and reach economies of scale. However, governments imposed many trade barriers like tariffs and quotas despite the potential inefficiency and waste. This article analyzes trade barriers and finds that international trade promotes competition, economics of scale, scientific and technological innovation, etc. However, in some cases, the government may choose to use some trade barriers temporarily to protect domestic products, increase government revenue, and enhance national defense How, if used for a long time, it will cause inefficiency and waste resources for industries and consumers. Therefore, the balance between free trade and trade barriers should be found and the trade off should be carefully evaluated In the global context, an open and fair competitive environment should be considered first to promote economic development and improve the quality of human life.

The political economy offinancing traditional vaccines andvitamin A supplements insix African countries.

Vaccines and vitamin A supplementation (VAS) are financed by donors in several countries, indicating that challenges remain with achieving sustainable government financing of these critical health commodities. This qualitative study aimed to explore political economy variables of actors' interests, roles, power and commitment to ensure government financing of vaccines and VAS. A total of 77 interviews were conducted in Burundi, Comoros, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi and Zimbabwe. Governments and development partners had similar interests. Donor commitment to vaccines and VAS was sometimes dependent on the priorities and political situation of the donor country. Governments' commitment to financing vaccines was demonstrated through policy measures, such as enactment of immunization laws. Explicit government financial commitment to VAS was absent in all six countries. Some development partners were able to influence governments directly via allocation of health funding while others influenced indirectly through coordination, consolidation and networks. Government power was exercised through multiple systemic and individual processes, including hierarchy, bureaucracy in governance and budgetary process, proactiveness of Ministry of Health officials in engaging with Ministry of Finance, and control over resources. Enablers that were likely to increase government commitment to financing vaccines and VAS included emerging reforms, attention to the voice of citizens and improvements in the domestic economy that in turn increased government revenues. Barriers identified were political instability, health sector inefficiencies, overly complicated bureaucracy, frequent changes of health sector leadership and non-health competing needs. Country governments were aware of their role in financing vaccines, but only a few had made tangible efforts to increase government financing. Discussions on government financing of VAS were absent. Development partners continue to influence government health commodity financing decisions. The political economy environment and contextual factors work together to facilitate or impede domestic financing.

HAJATAN PERNIKAHAN: DARI NILAI-NILAI TRADISI DAN DAMPAK EKONOMINYA

Abstract Marriage is an important event in human life and carries many traditional values that are passed down from generation to generation. These traditional values reflect the cultural richness and social norms highly regarded in society. At the same time, wedding ceremonies also have significant economic impacts. This literature review aims to explore and analyze the relationship between the traditional values in wedding ceremonies and their economic impacts. The research methodology involves a literature review from various sources, such as academic journals, books, articles, and other relevant information sources. The findings of the research indicate that the traditional values in wedding ceremonies play a crucial role in preserving the cultural identity of a community. These traditions encompass customs, traditional attire, dances, music, local cuisine, and other practices that are inherited from generation to generation. Through these traditions, wedding ceremonies serve as a means to preserve and strengthen social bonds and the cultural sustainability of a community. Additionally, wedding ceremonies also have significant economic impacts. The preparations and execution of weddings involve the consumption of goods and services that contribute to local economic growth. This includes the purchase of wedding attire, food, decorations, photography, entertainment, and various other services. The increased consumption stimulates sectors related to weddings, creating job opportunities and increasing government revenue through taxes and related levies. Abstract Marriage is an important event in human life and carries many traditional values that are passed down from generation to generation. These traditional values reflect the cultural richness and social norms highly regarded in society. At the same time, wedding ceremonies also have significant economic impacts. This literature review aims to explore and analyze the relationship between the traditional values in wedding ceremonies and their economic impacts. The research methodology involves a literature review from various sources, such as academic journals, books, articles, and other relevant information sources. The findings of the research indicate that the traditional values in wedding ceremonies play a crucial role in preserving the cultural identity of a community. These traditions encompass customs, traditional attire, dances, music, local cuisine, and other practices that are inherited from generation to generation. Through these traditions, wedding ceremonies serve as a means to preserve and strengthen social bonds and the cultural sustainability of a community. Additionally, wedding ceremonies also have significant economic impacts. The preparations and execution of weddings involve the consumption of goods and services that contribute to local economic growth. This includes the purchase of wedding attire, food, decorations, photography, entertainment, and various other services. The increased consumption stimulates sectors related to weddings, creating job opportunities and increasing government revenue through taxes and related levies.

Managing the Nigerian Economy through Fiscal Deficit

This study examined how fiscal deficit, exchange rate, and inflation rate impacted the economic growth of the Nigerian economy from 1980 to 2019. The cointegration connection in the study was discovered using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test. The analysis found that, while inflation and the exchange rate have a positive and significant relationship with the Nigerian economy, the fiscal deficit has a negative but relatively insignificant effect on the country's GDP. The Nigerian government should stabilise the currency's external value and prevent it from falling in value in the short term. Such policies should be developed to encourage people to pay taxes while providing incentives to those who abide. The government should lower lender interest rates to boost small domestic investors to make investments and create jobs while increasing government revenue. Government agencies should reduce luxuries and wasteful spending to avoid a fiscal deficit.

Tobacco Tax Policy and Its Impact on Health Finance in Different Countries: A Systematic Review

The consumption of detrimental products, such as cigarettes, has a significant impact on health financing. Smoking is a detrimental practice that has negative effects on health, and the medical expenses linked to smoking-related ailments are considerable. In response, many countries have established cigarette excise laws with the aim of mitigating the adverse effects of smoking on public health and health financing. The implementation of cigarette excise taxes has resulted in a notable reduction in cigarette consumption, an increase in government revenue, and the funding of health programmes. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of the role of tobacco excise laws in promoting sustainable health financing. This study involved the review of 8 papers, and it was conducted following the guidelines of PRISMA-P, 2015 for systematic reviews. A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing multiple databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect. The tobacco excise management policy has generally aligned with its intended objectives. However, certain aspects, such as reducing consumption, allocation amounts, tariff patterns, and burdens, have yet to be fully effective. Therefore, it is necessary to implement strategic measures to enhance adequacy, such as increasing the pattern of excise tariffs and allocations and ensuring accountability and transparency in implementation.

An Examination of the Impact of Capital Flight on Economic Growth in Nigeria

The study examined the impact of capital flight on economic growth in Nigeria applying annual data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from 1986 to 2020 and using an Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of the cointegration test demonstrated that the variables have a long-term relationship. The findings show that most of the constituents of Capital flight (first, second and third lags of foreign direct investment and portfolio Investment) have negatively impacted Nigeria’s economic growth. In contrast, external debt and current account balances positively impact on economic growth in Nigeria. This, therefore, confirmed that changes in capital flight impact economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that the government and stakeholders create an attractive, conducive, and enabling environment suitable for ease of doing business that will attract and retain foreign investors in the country. More importantly, the Government should ensure proper use of the funds borrowed, by channelling it to the productive sector of the economy and will also increase Government revenues.

Enhancing VAT compliance in the retail industry: The role of socio-economic determinants and tax knowledge moderation

Despite tax being a fundamental method to redistribute wealth and achieve a sustainable economic and social system, tax agencies and institutions in most countries are struggling with low tax collections. This issue is often attributed to the level of compliance among taxpayers. To gain more insight into this problem, a study was conducted to examine how socio-economic determinants such as probability of detection, tax complexity, tax penalty, tax sanctions, tax ethics, tax justice, government spending, and tax services quality impact VAT compliance decisions. The study drew a random sample of 770 retail industry participants from Jordan, an Arabic country, for a self-administered survey. Smart-PLS structural equation modeling was used to analyze and estimate the compliance model. The results indicated that all proposed direct relationships were supported, and the interactions between tax knowledge and the socio-economic determinants on VAT compliance were found to be significant. The findings of this research can be useful for policymakers and institutions responsible for taxpayers' communities to understand the role of tax knowledge in VAT compliance in the retail industry. The study emphasizes the significance of instilling tax knowledge, social and moral values among VAT payers, establishing an equitable system, and launching awareness programs in Jordanian society. Additionally, it contributes to existing literature by confirming a practical compliance model rooted in the socio-economic theory of regulatory compliance. This model incorporates the moderating effect of tax knowledge within socio-economic aspects of VAT compliance. By understanding the importance of tax knowledge, policymakers and institutions can develop effective strategies to boost VAT funds and improve compliance in the retail industry. This can ultimately lead to increased government revenues without placing an undue economic burden on lower-income taxpayers.

Smoking prevention that increases tax revenue: tobacco taxes in the Czech Republic 2004-2020.

Increasing tobacco excise tax is one of the most effective smoking-prevention tools. The aim of the study is to assess the use of this tool in the Czech Republic (CR) by studying trends in cigarette taxes, prices, tax revenue, and the affordability of cigarettes in the CR. Data on cigarette consumption, their tax rates, price, and tax revenue in the CR for 2004-2020 come from multiple sources. We used the consumer price index to convert nominal values to real values. Given an average daily consumption of 12.7 cigarettes per smoker, the affordability of cigarettes was measured as a percentage of the average monthly wage needed to buy 19 cigarette packs. Despite recent increases in excise taxes, cigarettes in the CR are becoming more affordable. We found that the affordability of cigarettes was greater in 2020 than in 2008. The values of both the specific and the minimum excise taxes are currently being eroded by inflation. Cigarette consumption has declined from 2015 to 2020, and the government still received a bit more excise tax revenue due to its earlier tax policy. However, if taxes are not increased further, the revenue will start to decline. Despite the trend of increasing tobacco taxes in the CR, both the affordability of cigarettes and their use are still high in the country. This means that the CR is not using tax policy effectively enough to reduce smoking prevalence. It needs a substantial and sudden tax increase, in addition to the currently planned tax increases, to reduce smoking prevalence and lower the burden of tobacco use in the economy. Such a move would not only improve public health in the CR, but also increase government revenue.

Treasury Single Account and Reduction of Financial Crime in the Enugu State Civil Service Commission

Government’s efforts at socio-economic development have often been whittled down by inadequate finance and the outright mismanagement and embezzlement of the available resources. Hence, it is regrettable the level of poverty in Nigeria, the rate of unemployment which has worsened with low life expectancy and increased in maternal mortality rates etc. The study “Treasury Single Account and Reduction of Financial Crime in Enugu state civil service Commission., Nigeria’ was undertaken to assess amongst others the effects of Treasury Single Account on the promotion of financial accountability and financial discipline in the state civil service. The study was anchored on Barley’s Agency Theory of 1973. The study adopted a descriptive and survey design. The result revealed amongst others that there is a positive relationship between Treasury Single Account and promotion of financial accountability and discipline in Enugu State civil service Commission. However, dissatisfaction was more with the abuse of the entire process, the level of awareness creation of the policy, coverage, poor network services, poor funding amongst others. The implication is that the policy is yet to achieve the basic purpose of its establishment of ensuring increase in government revenue by completely reducing leakages, and to reduce corruption to its barest minimum in the country. The study therefore recommended amongst others that in improving accountability of public sector funds, there should be appropriate sanctions where financial irregularities are discovered. This will strengthen the goal of the TSA system in Nigeria thereby by instilling discipline and accountability of public sector funds.

PENGARUH SISTEM ADMINISTRASI PERPAJAKAN DAN KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the impact of tax administration systems and taxpayer attitudes on tax compliance. This study is quantitative and uses primary data from the distribution of questionnaires. Sampling used targeted sampling and the number of respondents for this study was 90 respondents at Pt. Perfect Health Indonesia. Data processing using SPSS version 22. The results of the surveys conducted show that tax administration systems and taxpayer perceptions have a significant impact on tax compliance. At the same time, administrative and compliance systems influence taxpayer compliance. The activities and programs of the tax administration system influence taxpayer perceptions and thereby improve taxpayer compliance. Improved taxpayer compliance increases government revenue in the tax area

The Use of Twitter by Government: Engaging the Secure Based Feeling on Economic Investment

Indonesia witnessed a very rapid growth of 12.58 per cent in the tourism sector in 2018, compared with an average world growth of only 5.6 per cent, as well as an ASEAN growth of 7 per cent. To make tourism become one of the most important sectors for Indonesia in terms of increasing government revenue and improving the efficiency and competitiveness of citizens on international markets. Of course, a lot needs to be prepared to achieve this goal. One of them is a safe community-based feeling. Because Indonesia is currently developing and requires significant domestic investment, security in Indonesia is a focus that needs to be improved. And in order to be able to understand a sense of community security, the government must have a relationship between the government and the community. This study aims to know e-government service quality implementation by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning via twitter. The method used in this study is a content analysis of Twitter posts from the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning of the Republic of Indonesia for a period of 1 year, from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Based on the findings and discussion, it is concluded that secure based feeling towards investment can be achieved through social media, one of which is Twitter by providing a more understanding related to land rights or land that will be used in investment.

An empirical investigation of the relationship between government revenue, expenditure, and economic growth in selected EMEs

Purpose ─ This article explores the relationship between government revenue, government expenditure, and economic growth for nine emerging market economies using annual data from 1991-92 to 2019-20. Method ─ This paper distinguishes itself from the existing literature through the application of co-integration tests, vector error correction, DOLS and FMOLS for an empirical investigation of a unique panel data set of select emerging economies across Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America. A bi-directional causal long-run relationship between economic growth and government expenditure, as well as between government expenditure and government revenue, was found using standard panel co-integration tests. Findings ─ The long-run elasticities computed using VECM were confirmed from DOLS as well as FMOLS estimates. A one per cent increase in expenditure and revenue, in the long run, would result in an increase in GDP by 0.94 and 0.90 per cent, respectively. Similarly, an increase in GDP by one per cent would lead to an increase in government expenditure by 1.1 per cent. On the other hand, an increase in government revenue by one per cent would cause a corresponding increase in government expenditure by nearly one per cent. The findings of this research point to a positive association between government revenue, expenditure, and economic growth, which will be valuable to policymakers. Contribution ─ Our combination of country selection covering economies from different continents is a first of its kind to the best of our knowledge. Another contribution is the application of panel cointegration and panel error correction techniques to fully use the panel data set, while most previous studies utilised the typical time series modelling with individual time series data.

A Model to Explain the Impact of Government Revenue on the Quality of Governance and the SDGs

This paper empirically investigates the link between the level of government revenue per capita and six indicators of the quality of governance in an unbalanced panel data set consisting of all countries in the world (217 countries; due to some missing data, (this was reduced to 196) using data from 1996 to 2020. It uses single-equation generalised method of moment (GMM) techniques and a vector autoregressive (VAR) and vector error correction model (VECM) approach to investigate this issue. The results suggest a strong effect over time whereby an increase in government revenue leads to a steady improvement in governance. These findings suggest an important virtuous circle between government revenue and governance. As a result, additional government revenue can significantly impact the Sustainable Development Goals more than our previous work has suggested.

Pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto, Tingkat Suku Bunga, Inflasi, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Foreign Direct Investment di Asean

Economic development is one of the most important keys to increase government revenue, one example is with foreign direct investment (FDI). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of variables gross domestic product, interest rates, inflation, and economic growth on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Panel data regression was used as a research method in the 2018-2021 time range in several countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The results of the study stated that variable interest rates and inflation affect FDI. On the other hand, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and economic growth variables have no effect on FDI.

Contribution of Tourism to the Development of Developing Nations

Purpose: The aim of the study is to access the contribution of tourism to the development of developing Nations.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: The study reveals that increased income positively impacts on government revenues by means of taxes which also contribute to economic growth via governments’ interventions. Besides taxes from tourism employment and businesses, tourism increases government revenues by direct levies on tourists (departure taxes), indirect taxes and duties on goods and services offered to tourists.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on ecosystem Approach theory and Maslow's hierarchy model. The study recommends that tourism marketers should harmonize the communication mix and embrace wholesomely the use of new technologies especially the use of social media together with exhibition events marketing to promote the tourism industry.

Taxation formula for tobacco in Sri Lanka

Article 06 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco control emphasizes the importance of implementing effective tax and price policies for Tobacco products. To fight against the Tobacco epidemic WHO has introduced the MPOWER package which R stands for raising taxes on Tobacco. According to WHO standards, 70% of the excise tax from the retail price will contribute to an effective Tobacco tax indexation policy. National Authority on Tobacco and Alcohol organized Tobacco Taxation and Illicit Trade virtual workshop with the collaboration of WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Tobacco Taxation, Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, University of Cape Town. The developed Tobacco tax indexation formula of the National Authority on Tobacco and Alcohol was modified by including exogenous factor with the guidance of experts of WHO FCTC Secretariat Knowledge Hub on tobacco taxation. Tobacco tax simulation modeling can be used to predict how much tobacco consumption will decrease, and government revenue will increase if there is a change in the tobacco excise tax structure and an increase in the level of taxation. Preliminary evidence from the TETSiM model predicts that a 91.6 to 124.6 billion increase in tobacco excise taxation from the current 2022 to 2026 would lead to a 1.1 % drop in consumption and approximately 101.8 to 136.9 billion increases in government revenue. The finding of the modeling of Tobacco taxes with the TETSiM model will lead to an increase in Tobacco tax revenue and decrease Tobacco consumption in Sri Lanka.

Peran Wakaf Tunai Saat Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to generate a sense of optimism in the community in general and the government in particular in overcoming the economic recession that is hitting Indonesia. This countermeasures by looking at the potential of waqf in Indonesia, especially cash waqf as a role model. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results show that the cash waqf instrument has enormous benefits during a pandemic like this, both in the economic sector and in the non-economic sector. In the non-economic sector, investment returns from cash waqf can be used to provide direct cash assistance to the community to increase the purchasing power of vulnerable people affected by Covid-19. In the economic sector, cash waqf profit sharing can also be used to provide working capital to MSMEs, to finance infrastructure development and to finance other productive economic businesses, especially for workers who are currently being laid off a lot. In both the economic and non-economic sectors, cash waqf revenue sharing can produce a very large multiplier effect and is beneficial for investors in increasing production, and for the government in increasing government revenue from the tax sector.

Digital technologies and sustainable tourism in Kazakhstan: opportunities and challenges

The tourism industry has undergone a remarkable transformation due to the advent of digital technologies. This has led to a complete revolution in tourism enterprises, products, and experiences, as well as the entire business ecosystem and destinations. Digitalization has also reshaped the conventional roles of both tourism producers and consumers, giving rise to new roles, relationships, business models, and skill sets. The emergence of digital platforms has significantly expanded the array and quantity of tourism offerings, services, and experiences. The on-demand functionality of these platforms has accelerated the pace of economic transactions, market awareness, and feedback mechanisms, further fueling the growth of the tourism sector. Kazakhstan, a vast and diverse nation, is increasingly positioning itself as a sustainable tourism destination. In this article, we delve into the opportunities and challenges presented by the integration of digital technologies in the context of sustainable tourism development in Kazakhstan. Referring to relevant studies and data, we draw attention to the fact that digital tools can increase government revenue, marketing and development methods.

Impact of waterpipe tobacco taxation on consumption, government revenue and premature deaths averted in Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine: a simulation study

IntroductionDespite the high prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking in the Eastern Mediterranean region, evidence supporting its fiscal measures is limited. We modelled the impact of waterpipe tobacco-specific excise taxes on...