Increase In Energy Production Research Articles

Characteristics of hydrogen energy yield in steam gasification of coffee residues.

Coffee residues (CRs) were gasified using a laboratory-scale fluidized bed gasifier with an air/steam mixture as the carrier gas. The gasification was conducted at an equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.3, and different operation temperatures (700, 800, and 900 °C) and steam-to-biomass (S/B) ratios (0, 0.75, and 1.5) were applied. Increasing temperature without steam boosted H2 and CO concentrations in producer gas, raising lower heating value (LHV) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) through endothermic reactions like Boudouard, tar cracking, and water-gas formation. At 900 °C, gas had LHV of 3.76 MJ/Nm3 and CGE of 22.47%. It was elevating temperature from 700 to 900 °C and S/B ratio to 1.5 raised H2 and CO concentrations from 2.04 to 8.60% and from 9.56 to 11.8%, respectively. This also increased LHV from 2.23 to 3.89 MJ/Nm3 and CGE from 11.28 to 25.08%. The steam gasification reaction was found to increase the H2 concentration and was thus considered effective in converting CRs to syngas and increasing energy production. Overall, the study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of steam gasification as a means of converting coffee residues to syngas and increasing energy production. The results also highlighted the importance of operating temperature and S/B ratio in improving the gasification process.

Reliability Improvement of Grid Connected PV Inverter Considering Monofacial and Bifacial Panels Using Hybrid IGBT

The development of bifacial photovoltaics has led to significant advancements in solar energy. Unlike traditional solar panels, which only generate electricity from the front side, these panels capture the energy from the rear and front surfaces. Bifacial photovoltaics utilize a dual-sided absorption to capture the sunlight that falls on nearby structures and the ground. This technology helps boost their efficiency and makes them an economical and sustainable choice. Furthermore, the increased energy production from the rear side of bifacial panels may lead to higher voltage fluctuations, which affects the thermal stability of PV inverter. Nevertheless, PV inverter is regarded as critical component which affects the reliability performance. Hence in this paper reliability improvement methodology with hybrid IGBT is proposed for the PV inverter. The hybrid IGBT consists of Silicon (Si) IGBT and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Schottky diode. A test case of 3-kW Monofacial and Bifacial grid connected PV inverter system with various albedos is considered. Mission profile for one year at Hyderabad, India location is logged for the assessment. B10 lifetime is calculated for the proposed hybrid IGBT. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid IGBT is evaluated in comparison with conventional IGBT. The proposed hybrid IGBT significantly improves the reliability performance of the PV inverter.

Drying-wetting cycle enhances stress resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a model soil

Outbreaks of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 in farms are often triggered by heavy rains and flooding. Most cells die with the decreasing of soil moisture, while few cells enter a dormant state and then resuscitate after rewetting. The resistance of dormant cells to stress has been extensively studied, whereas the molecular mechanisms of the cross-resistance development of the resuscitated cells are poorly known. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis on O157:H7 before and after undergoing soil dry-wet alternation. A differential expression of 820 proteins was identified in resuscitated cells compared to exponential-phase cells, as determined by proteomics analysis. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that up-regulated proteins were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, ribosome activity, and transmembrane transporters, indicating increased energy production and protein synthesis in resuscitated O157:H7. Moreover, proteins related to acid, osmotic, heat, oxidative, antibiotic stress and horizontal gene transfer efficiency were up-regulated, suggesting a potential improvement in stress resistance. Subsequent validation experiments demonstrated that the survival rates of the resuscitated cells were 476.54 and 7786.34 times higher than the exponential-phase cells, with pH levels of 1.5 and 2.5, respectively. Similarly, resuscitated cells showed higher survival rates under osmotic stress, with 7.5%, 15%, and 30% NaCl resulting in survival rates that were 460.58, 1974.55, and 3475.31 times higher. Resuscitated cells also exhibited increased resistance to heat stress, with survival rates 69.64 and 139.72 times higher at 55 °C and 90 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) efficiency of resuscitated cells was significantly higher (153.12-fold) compared to exponential phase cells. This study provides new insights into bacteria behavior under changing soil moisture and this may explain O157:H7 outbreaks following rainfall and flooding, as the dry-wet cycle promotes stress cross-resistance development.

The role and therapeutic potential of SIRTs in sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection. Abnormal activation of the immune system and disturbance of energy metabolism play a key role in the development of sepsis. In recent years, the Sirtuins (SIRTs) family has been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. SIRTs, as a class of histone deacetylases (HDACs), are widely involved in cellular inflammation regulation, energy metabolism and oxidative stress. The effects of SIRTs on immune cells are mainly reflected in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. This regulation helps balance the inflammatory response and may lessen cell damage and organ dysfunction in sepsis. In terms of energy metabolism, SIRTs can play a role in immunophenotypic transformation by regulating cell metabolism, improve mitochondrial function, increase energy production, and maintain cell energy balance. SIRTs also regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting cells from oxidative stress damage by activating antioxidant defense pathways and maintaining a balance between oxidants and reducing agents. Current studies have shown that several potential drugs, such as Resveratrol and melatonin, can enhance the activity of SIRT. It can help to reduce inflammatory response, improve energy metabolism and reduce oxidative stress, showing potential clinical application prospects for the treatment of sepsis. This review focuses on the regulation of SIRT on inflammatory response, energy metabolism and oxidative stress of immune cells, as well as its important influence on multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis, and discusses and summarizes the effects of related drugs and compounds on reducing multiple organ damage in sepsis through the pathway involving SIRTs. SIRTs may become a new target for the treatment of sepsis and its resulting organ dysfunction, providing new ideas and possibilities for the treatment of this life-threatening disease.

Dynamic geothermal resource assessment: Integrating reservoir simulation and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation under geological uncertainties

This paper presents a dynamic geothermal resource assessment method that integrates reservoir simulation and Gaussian kernel density estimation (KDE). This approach addresses geological uncertainties by employing reservoir simulation techniques to model the fluid and heat flow under the condition of permeability heterogeneity. Incorporating probabilistic resource assessment through Gaussian KDE, the study quantifies uncertainties, estimating the probability density function (PDF) of ensemble results under conditions like thermal breakthrough thresholds, fixed reservoir lifespans, and target energy production. The demonstrations of assessment start with a simple homogeneous model. The results show that larger doublet well distances result in extended lifespan, higher final production well temperatures, and increased energy production. Brugge reservoir emphasizes the impact of heterogeneity and uncertainty on production outcomes, especially at smaller doublet well distances. Assessment of fluvial Egg model reveals that drilling in fluvial channels causes rapid thermal breakthrough. This result indicates that, to optimize reservoir performance, it is recommended to refrain from drilling doublet wells within high-permeability fluvial channels. Furthermore, it is worthy of mention that the Gaussian kernel is not always favored for KDE, particularly in scenarios involving non-Gaussian distribution ensembles. The proposed method, which integrates reservoir simulation and Gaussian KDE, enhances understanding of geological uncertainties and the intricate nature of geothermal reservoirs, facilitating more reliable and accurate resource assessments.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS DEPENDING ON THE STEP RESOLUTION OF TRACKING SYSTEM

The article presents an energy analysis of a 3.5 kWp photovoltaic installation placed on a two-axis tracking system, depending on resolution of step tracking system, that tracks apparent position of the Sun on the celestial sphere. Measurements were taken during July and August, months with similar solar radiation intensity. During the first month, the tracking system changed the spatial orientation of the photovoltaic panels with a frequency of 20 minutes, while in the second month the resolution of the tracking step was 120 minutes. The total energy production by the photovoltaic installation cooperating with the tracking system was 589.5 kWh and 579.85 kWh, for a tracking step resolution of 20 and 120 minutes, respectively. The monthly difference between the two analysed periods does not exceed 1.7%. However, when analysing the days with the highest energy production – exceeding 28 kWh/day, the photovoltaic installation which changed its spatial orientation with greater frequency produced 309.83 kWh, and with a smaller one 259.88 kWh. In the case of sunny, cloudless days, the difference in the efficiency of both solutions is equal to 19%. During days with lower solar radiation, the efficiency of the photovoltaic installations was similar. It can be concluded that increasing the step resolution of the tracking system increases energy production on sunny, cloudless days. It should be taken into account that increasing the frequency of changing the position of photovoltaic panels increased energy consumption by tracker motors from 2.48 kWh to 3.75 kWh, which constitutes 13.2% of the energy gain obtained over the entire tested period, but less than 1% during days with the highest amount of solar radiation.

Detection of tracker misalignments and estimation of cross-axis slope in photovoltaic plants

Photovoltaic (PV) energy production is becoming a more significant part of the energy mix world-wide due to its clean origin, supportive and cost reductions. Therefore, it is increasingly important to develop methodologies to improve efficiency and reduce energy losses. Solar tracking is a way of increasing the irradiance over the PV field and, subsequently, boosting energy production. Both single-axis and double-axis tracking systems (SATS & DATS) are well known methods but both require not only a proper estimation of the sun’s position but also precise knowledge of the tracker’s position and orientation. Several factors (construction, design, configuration) can cause the values used to calculate the optimal tracking to be inaccurate, thus increasing production losses. This paper proposes a methodology to calculate the actual orientation of the trackers’ axis based on the energy production of its associated strings. Additionally, it provides the height differences between adjacent trackers by detecting shading patterns. This information is key to defining more efficient tracking and backtracking strategies the avoid row-to-row shading and, overall increasing energy production. The proposed method is applied to a real 5 MW facility, identifying misalignments of several degrees in most trackers that were causing annual losses (1 %), not only due to inaccurate tracking but also row-to-row shading.

Scaling Up Pareto Optimization for Tree Structures with Affine Transformations: Evaluating Hybrid Floating Solar-Hydropower Systems in the Amazon

Sustainability challenges inherently involve the consideration of multiple competing objectives. The Pareto frontier – the set of all optimal solutions that cannot be improved with respect to one objective without negatively affecting another – is a crucial decision-making tool for navigating sustainability challenges as it highlights the inherent trade-offs among conflicting objectives. Our research is motivated by the strategic planning of hydropower in the Amazon basin, one of the earth’s largest and most biodiverse river systems, where the need to increase energy production coincides with the pressing requirement of minimizing detrimental environmental impacts. We investigate an innovative strategy that pairs hydropower with Floating Photovoltaic Solar Panels (FPV). We provide a new extended multi-tree network formulation, which enables the consideration of multiple dam configurations. To address the computational challenge of scaling up the Pareto optimization framework to tackle multiple objectives across the entire Amazon basin, we further enhance the state-of-the-art algorithm for Pareto frontiers in tree-structured networks with two improvements. We introduce affine transformations induced by the sub-frontiers to compute Pareto dominance and provide strategies for merging sub-trees, significantly increasing the pruning of dominated solutions. Our experiments demonstrate considerable speedups, in some cases by more than an order of magnitude, while maintaining optimality guarantees, thus allowing us to more effectively approximate the Pareto frontiers. Moreover, our findings suggest significant shifts towards higher energy values in the Pareto frontier when pairing hybrid hydropower with FPV solutions, potentially amplifying energy production while mitigating adverse impacts.

Abstract 374: Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial glutathione transporter expression causes drug resistance in colorectal cancer

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, with higher incidence and mortality rates. In order to adapt stress conditions during cancer progression, the cancer cells will be subject to metabolism reprogramming to increase energy production and remove hazardous substances. One of the important organelles, mitochondria is responsible for cellular ATP production, ion homeostasis, and several metabolic pathways. Therefore, mitochondria require a series of transporters called solute carrier family 25 (SLC25) to transport metabolites crossing the mitochondrial inner membrane, and dysregulation of those transporters causes abnormal cell morphology and diseases. In this study, members of the SLC25 family were analyzed in CRC via bioinformatics analysis, and a mitochondrial glutathione transporter was identified to overexpress in several public datasets of CRC and our own clinical specimens. In addition, its role has not been reported in any disease, including cancer. To systemically analyze the underlying mechanism causing overexpression of glutathione transporter during CRC progression, several stress conditions had been applied to colon cancer cells. However, only hypoxia was identified to induce its protein expression but not mRNA expression. Since a previous study reported that glutathione deprivation induced its protein expression, hypoxia didn’t alter the abundance of glutathione level suggesting that another glutathione-independent regulatory mechanism might be involve it. Interestingly, our findings revealed that hypoxia-induced glutathione transporter protein expression was mediated through the activation of internal ribosome binding site-mediated translation under hypoxia. To identify the potential role of glutathione transporter during colon cancer progression, its mitochondrial metabolite profiles from knockout cells of previous studies were further analyzed and identified that the changes of metabolites were associated with the urea cycle which had been reported to be associated with the sensitivity of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer treatment. Importantly, our results showed that hypoxia-attenuated those chemotherapeutic effects were abolished by loss of glutathione transporter in colon cancer cells, indicating its crucial role in hypoxia-induced drug resistance. In conclusion, our study shows that glutathione transporter increased by hypoxia might lead to drug resistance of cancer therapy in colon cancer. Citation Format: Chin-Chun Lin. Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial glutathione transporter expression causes drug resistance in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 374.

Synergistic Hybrid Marine Renewable Energy Harvest System

This paper proposes a novel hybrid marine renewable energy-harvesting system to increase energy production, reduce levelized costs of energy and promote renewable marine energy. Firstly, various marine renewable energy resources and state-of-art technologies for energy exploitation and storage were reviewed. The site selection criteria for each energy-harvesting approach were identified, and a scoring matrix for site selection was proposed to screen suitable locations for the hybrid system. The Triton Knoll wind farm was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scoring matrix. An integrated energy system was designed, and FE modeling was performed to assess the effects of additional energy devices on the structural stability of the main wind turbine structure. It has been proven that the additional energy structures have a negligible influence on foundation/structure deflection (<1%) and increased system natural frequency by 6%; thus, they have a minimum influence on the original wind system but increased energy yield.

Microbial nanotechnology for agriculture, food, and environmental sustainability: Current status and future perspective.

The field of nanotechnology has the mysterious capacity to reform every subject it touches. Nanotechnology advancements have already altered a variety of scientific and industrial fields. Nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes ranging from 1 to 100nm (nm) are of great scientific and commercial interest. Their functions and characteristics differ significantly from those of bulk metal. Commercial quantities of NPs are synthesized using chemical or physical methods. The use of the physical and chemical approaches remained popular for many years; however, the recognition of their hazardous effects on human well-being and conditions influenced serious world perspectives for the researchers. There is a growing need in this field for simple, non-toxic, clean, and environmentally safe nanoparticle production methods to reduce environmental impact and waste and increase energy productivity. Microbial nanotechnology is relatively anew field. Using various microorganisms, a wide range of nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, morphology, and size have been synthesized, and their applications in a wide range of cutting-edge technological areas have been investigated. Green synthesis of the nanoparticles is cost-efficient and requires low maintenance. The present review highlights the synthesis of the nanoparticles by different microbes, their characterization, and their biotechnological potential. It further deals with the applications in biomedical, food, and textile industries as well as its role in biosensing, waste recycling, and biofuel production.

Complementarity of offshore energy resources on the Spanish coasts: Wind, wave, and photovoltaic energy

The complementarity of the solar, wind, and wave energy resource in hybrid offshore platforms has the potential to increase productivity and reduce the variability in the energy output that a single type of energy source can generate. In this study, ERA5 reanalysis is used to calculate wind, solar and wave energy resources in Spanish potential locations for offshore platforms. The results indicate that wind energy presents the largest energy resource for all Spanish offshore regions, followed by photovoltaic energy. However, taking in count the “drought periods” (periods in which no energy is obtained from any of the analysed technologies), wave energy presents an opportunity to provide a continuous flow of energy, especially in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands. The evaluation of the complementarity of the three energy sources shows that the use of hybrid platforms would not only increase energy production but also reduce variability. In terms of energy production, wind energy along with solar energy are the largest energy generators. But in terms of minimizing variability, wave energy along with solar photovoltaic energy are the most important. Thus, this study is paving the way to introduce multiple energy converters on hybrid platforms as a pathway toward more powerful and sustainable energy production.

Metabolomic Profiling of Blood Plasma in Females with Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancer.

Uterine cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy in women worldwide. Endometrial cancer (EC) has an 81% five-year survival rate, depending on disease stage and time of diagnosis. While endometrial cancer is largely treatable when detected early, no established screening techniques are available in clinical practice. As a result, one of the most significant issues in the medical field is the development of novel ways for early cancer identification, which could boost treatment success rates. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)-based metabolomics was employed to explore the metabolomic markers and pathways unique to this cancer type and link them to the benign endometrial hyperplasia that may progress to cancer in 5% to 25% of patients. The study involved 59 postmenopausal participants, 20 with EC type 1, 20 with benign hyperplasia, and 19 healthy participants. Metabolite distribution changes were analyzed, and 338 of these features were dysregulated and significant. The first two main components, PC1 and PC2, were responsible for 11.5% and 12.2% of the total metabolites, respectively. Compared with the control group (CO), EC samples had 203 differentially expressed metabolites (180 upregulated and 23 downregulated); in hyperplasia (HP), 157 metabolites were dysregulated (127 upregulated and 30 downregulated) compared to the CO group while 21 metabolites exhibited differential regulation (16 upregulated and 5 downregulated) in EC plasma samples compared to the HP group. Hyperplasia samples exhibited similar metabolic changes to those reported in cancer, except for alterations in triglyceride levels, 7a,12 b-dihydroxy-5b-Cholan-24-oic acid, and Hept-2-enedioyl carnitine levels. The metabolites N-heptanoyl glycine and -(Methylthio)-2,3-isopentyl phosphate and formimino glutamic acid can be specific markers for hyperplasia conditions and dimethyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine and 8-isoprostaglandin E2 can be specific markers for EC conditions. Metabolic activities rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for energy generation. The changes in metabolites identified in our study indicate that endometrial cancer cells adopt alternative strategies to increase energy production to meet the energy demand, thereby supporting proliferation.

Abstract A040: Suppressing the cytomatrix elastic solid phase of cytoplasm will eliminate the root cause of cancer

Abstract The Warburg effect, the increase of glucose uptake rate and lactate production, is a tremendous metabolic switch, a prominent cancer hallmark, and a century-old mystery. We recently solved an age-old problem of biochemistry, how myriad diverse chemical reactions coincide in the cell, by chemically separating elastic solid (cytomatrix) and viscous fluid (cytosol) phases of cytoplasm (iScience, 2023, PMID:36824274) that can elucidate a role of the Warburg effect in tumors. Biochemical reactions within the cytoplasm are catalytic and performed by enzyme complexes. Catalytic complexes are immobilized on the solid platform, and the cytomatrix physically separates them from each other, but the substrate delivery mechanisms have remained unknown. Using the multiomic approach, we found that cytomatrix proteins actomyosins are responsible for cellular micromechanics and cytosolic motion. Cytosolic motion delivers substrates to catalytic complexes. Cytomatrix micromechanics requires energy maintained by mitochondrial respiration in physiological conditions. However, due to mutational and epigenetic alterations, malignant cells need additional energy to stir biochemical processes. Actomyosin and actin-binding and regulating proteome, a structural base of the cytomatrix and primary motor proteins, exploits aerobic glycolysis to meet the energy demand of cytomatrix, just as muscle fiber utilizes the aerobic glycolysis during intense exercise. Therefore, synchronizing energy output for cytomatrix micromechanics is a limiting step for the malignant transformation involving the Warburg effect. Unless mutations coalesce with the increased energy production for cytomatrix mechanics, potential cancer may only survive in the quiescent state (or benign), or it will be eliminated. Cancer development appears to be a two-sided coin relying on both the mutation and the energy demand, suggesting that not everyone gets cancer with the same mutation without the involvement of aerobic glycolysis. By uniting the Warburg effect with the cytomatrix micromechanics and genetic and epigenetic alterations, our concept of cancer development better explains the transformation of healthy cells to malignant cells and malignant cell resistance to therapy and recurrence. Revealing the cytomatrix allowed us to find its practical application. We developed technology that works on the cytomatrix level and can improve cancer treatment and prevent tumor recurrence. Suppression of the cytomatrix activity will inhibit cancer resistance and recurrence and increase the efficiency of the current anticancer therapy. It is impossible to know if cancer will return after treatment. Cancers come back when small numbers of malignant cells can remain in the body after treatment. These cells are too rare to find with current tests. We have developed a method to help detect this small number of malignant cells. Our fast and sensitive method can isolate malignant cells from a frozen biopsy about 10 – 20 mg weight. Thus, revealing the cytomatrix opens a new chapter in cancer research and therapy. Citation Format: Tattym E. Shaiken. Suppressing the cytomatrix elastic solid phase of cytoplasm will eliminate the root cause of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Cancer Evolution and Data Science: The Next Frontier; 2023 Dec 3-6; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A040.

TSR-Based optimization using auxiliary motor in Tidal Energy Conversion System: An experimental study

The fluctuating nature of renewable energy is one of the factors that reduces its ability to compete with traditional forms of power generation. In the context of ocean current energy, tidal oscillations are the primary reason for the average power generation being significantly lower than the designed value. Increasing energy production through optimization is necessary for ocean current energy to compete successfully in the market. This experimental study is intended to increase electrical power production through electromechanical engineering with tip speed ratio (TSR) control using auxiliary motors, and adapts the Motor Generator Pair (MGP) approach, where the generator and motor are connected in series. A physical model of a Tidal Energy Conversion System (TECS) was developed. The system consists of a turbine simulator in the form of an AC motor with separate torque and speed controls, torque sensors, a hydraulic transmission system, and auxiliary motors. With this system, a typical tidal turbine profile was built and simulated TSR-based optimization control. The results of this optimization control show that power production can be increased through optimal tip-speed ratio control.

The value of wake steering wind farm flow control in US energy markets

Abstract. Wind farm flow control represents a category of control strategies for achieving wind-plant-level objectives, such as increasing wind plant power production and/or reducing structural loads, by mitigating the impact of wake interactions between wind turbines. Wake steering is a wind farm flow control technology in which specific turbines are misaligned with the wind to deflect their wakes away from downstream turbines, thus increasing overall wind plant power production. In addition to promising results from simulation studies, wake steering has been shown to successfully increase energy production through several recent field trials. However, to better understand the benefits of wind farm flow control strategies such as wake steering, the value of the additional energy to the electrical grid should be evaluated – for example, by considering the price of electricity when the additional energy is produced. In this study, we investigate the potential for wake steering to increase the value of wind plant energy production by combining model predictions of power gains using the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) engineering wind farm flow control tool with historical electricity price data for 15 existing US wind plants in four different electricity market regions. Specifically, for each wind plant, we use FLORIS to estimate power gains from wake steering for a time series of hourly wind speeds and wind directions spanning the years 2018–2020, obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The modeled power gains are then correlated with hourly electricity prices for the nearest transmission node. Through this process we find that wake steering increases annual energy production (AEP) between 0.4 % and 1.7 %, depending on the wind plant, with average increases in potential annual revenue (i.e., annual revenue of production, ARP) 4 % higher than the AEP gains. For most wind plants, ARP gain was found to exceed AEP gain. But the ratio between ARP gain and AEP gain is greater for wind plants in regions with high wind penetration because electricity prices tend to be relatively higher during periods with below-rated wind plant power production, when wake losses occur and wake steering is active; for wind plants in the Southwest Power Pool – the region with the highest wind penetration analyzed (31 %) – the increase in ARP from wake steering is 11 % higher than the AEP gain. Consequently, we expect the value of wake steering, and other types of wind farm flow control, to increase as wind penetration continues to grow.

INNOVATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY BASED IN MALANG CITY (SUPITURANG FINAL DISPOSAL SITE STUDY)

City waste continues to increase resulting from every human activity. The research objective is related to waste management innovation using waste to energy technology in the use of waste at the Supit Urang TPA. Gas emissions released by piles of rubbish piled up in final disposal sites not only try to reduce and prevent humans, the environment and the earth from being damaged, but also use renewable energy. Descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques through documentation, interviews and field study observations. Data analysis techniques involve collecting data from field studies (written and verbal), researching, reducing and then drawing conclusions. Using Roger's innovation theory. The results of the research show that the waste problem is not only borne by the government. Waste management must be completed from upstream to downstream, namely from community settlements to the final disposal site. The renewal of the management system for waste utilization has been in effect since the decentralization of the program from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing to the Environmental Service to build the latest technology-based waste disposal system. German assistance in infrastructure development is one of the successful factors in implementing the renewal of the Supit Urang landfill waste utilization system. The output of the waste to energy program is electrical energy and gas. Increasing energy production from landfills provides benefits to the community and also local governments as energy producers. Keyword: Innovation, Waste Management, Waste into Energy

Particle Swarm Optimization for Sizing of Solar-Wind Hybrid Microgrids

This study investigates the optimization of the size of a solar-wind hybrid microgrid using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to improve energy production efficiency, economic feasibility, and overall sustainability. By using past solar and wind resource data, load demand profiles, and system component specifications, the PSO algorithm effectively maximized the capabilities of solar panels and wind turbines. The findings indicate a significant rise in daily energy production, with a 15% enhancement in solar panel capability and a 12% boost in wind turbine capability. The increased energy production plays a crucial role in dealing with the natural irregularity of renewable resources, hence enhancing the resilience and self-reliance of the microgrid. The economic calculations demonstrate significant improvements in the economic feasibility of the microgrid designs. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) undergoes a significant 10% decrease, suggesting a more economically efficient energy generation. Moreover, the payback time for the original expenditure is reduced by 15%, indicating faster returns on investment. The economic improvements highlight the practical advantages of using PSO for microgrid size, in line with the goal of creating sustainable energy solutions while minimizing economic costs. The improved performance of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is shown by a thorough comparison study with other optimization approaches, such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA). The superior convergence rate of PSO, together with a 15% enhancement in solution quality relative to GA and SA, underscores the efficiency and efficacy of PSO in traversing the complex solution space associated with microgrid size. PSO’s comparative advantage makes it an effective tool for tackling the intricacies of integrating renewable energy, highlighting its potential for extensive use in microgrid design and optimization. The sensitivity evaluations demonstrate that the solutions optimized by the PSO are resilient even when important parameters vary, thereby highlighting the stability and dependability of the approach. In addition to technical and economic factors, the study evaluates the environmental consequences and social aspects of the optimum microgrid designs. The land use efficiency has seen a 10% enhancement, demonstrating the optimum application of area for renewable energy infrastructure. In addition, there is a 7% improvement in community approval, which demonstrates the algorithm’s ability to effectively handle social aspects and promote a comprehensive and socially acceptable approach to renewable energy projects.

Prospects for replacing Russian fuel with Latin American fuel in the European market

The subject of the study is the potential of the Latin American energy market in the context of the demand of the European Union market for the replacement of Russian energy resources. The object of the study is the energy resources market of the European Union, Latin America, and Russia. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibilities of Latin American countries in replacing Russian energy resources in the energy market of the European Union. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the dependence of the EU economy on Russian energy resources, changes in the conjuncture in the fuel and energy sector of the European Union, and also touches on the consequences for European economies in connection with the abandonment of Russian energy resources. Special attention is paid to the opportunities of the Latin American region in the development of the European energy market. The prospects of the Latin American energy market are being explored from the point of view of the availability of natural resources, as well as from the point of view of real opportunities for exporting energy resources. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic and comparative analysis, a method of generalization, methods of grouping and classifying quantitative and qualitative data, methods of analyzing quantitative data. The main conclusions of the study are that in the short and medium term, the role of Latin America in Europe's energy security is small due to geographical remoteness and the lack of technological opportunities for Latin American countries to increase production capacities in the shortest possible time to increase energy production. For this reason, in the near future, the countries of the Latin American region will not be able to significantly replace Russian fuel in the European market of traditional energy resources. However, European companies are interested in the potential of the Latin American region in the field of "green" energy. In the long term, cooperation between the EU and Latin America in this area seems to be the most mutually beneficial for both sides. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the study of the conjuncture of the EU fuel and energy complex in the context of energy imports. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in the domestic literature the question of the prospects of the Latin American energy market as a substitute for the Russian energy market for the European one is raised.

On the Usage of Artificial Neural Networks for the Determination of Optimal Wind Farms Allocation

Worldwide energy demand is constantly increasing. This fact, in combination with the ever growing need to reduce the energy production footprint on the environment, has led to the adoption of cleaner and more sustainable forms of energy production. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are constantly developing in an effort to increase their conversion efficiency and improve their life cycle. However, not all types of RES are accepted by the general public. Wind Turbines (WTs) are considered by many researchers as the least acceptable type of RES. This is mostly because of how their installation alters the surrounding landscape, produces noise and puts birds in danger when they happen to fly over the installation area. This paper aims to apply a methodology which, by using Rational Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN), is capable of investigating the criteria used for the installation locations of WTs in a transparent way. The results from the Neural Network (NN) will be combined with protected areas and the Land Fragmentation Index (LFI), in order to determine possible new installation locations with increased social acceptance and, at the same time, increased energy production. A case study of the proposed methodology has been implemented for the entire Greek territory, which is considered one of the most suitable areas for the installation of wind farms due to its particular geomorphology.