Increase In Energy Density Research Articles

The role of initial temperature for thermally induced magnetization switching in Gd/Fe multilayers

Thermally induced magnetization switches (TIMS) have attracted much attention as a hot direction in the field of spintronics. In this paper, the TIMS of Gd/Fe multilayers at different initial temperatures is investigated by atomic spin dynamics method. The results show that the increase of the initial temperature can reduce the energy density required to trigger the TIMS. It was further found that the increase in energy density induces an increase in the pulse duration for triggering TIMS. In addition, at lower initial temperatures and high energy densities for triggering TIMS, the Gd/Fe multilayer system dissipates excessive energy to achieve TIMS without destructive demagnetization by maintaining the duration of the transient ferromagnetic-like state. Our simulation results provide new insights to explore the role of initial temperature for triggering TIMS.

Improving both energetic and kinetic performances of osmotic battery for grid energy storage

Osmotic battery (OB), alternating the operation of reverse osmosis (RO) for charging and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) for discharging, is an emerging grid-scale energy storage system (ESS) that offers complementary advantages over other existing grid ESSs. OB utilizes osmotic pressure difference of two solutions as a media for energy storage. However, OB faces the issue of energetic-kinetic trade-off generally applicable in all the ESSs. This study aims to quantitatively analyze this trade-off in OB and to develop effective strategies to address this issue. Our analyses suggest that this trade-off can be addressed by (1) raising the initial high-salinity solution concentration (cHS,0), and (2) using more water permeable osmotic membranes with a suitable high-salinity solution. For example, increasing the cHS,0 from 1.2 M to 2.4 M increases energy density from 0.5 to >1.0 kWh·m−3 along with an enhanced power density and a stable high roundtrip efficiency (RTE) above 66 %, albeit requiring membranes with substantially improved mechanical strength. Furthermore, using high-permeance nanofiltration-type osmotic membranes with divalent high-salinity solution could improve the peak power density to above 50 W·m−2 while maintaining energetic performance. This study not only offers effective strategies to ease the energetic-kinetic trade-off but also recommends important directions for developing future osmotic membranes for OB.

Molecular structures of residual solvent in polyacrylonitrile based electrolytes: Implications for conductivity and stability.

Lithium-ion batteries increasingly play significant roles in modern technologies; however, increased energy density also raises concerns about electrolyte safety. Traditional electrolytes that use volatile organic solvents face risks of thermal runaways and fires from electrode shorting. In response, polymer-based solid electrolytes have been developed for replacement. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a promising fire-resistant component for electrolyte fabrication, but its limited solubility necessitates using low-volatility solvents, which are notoriously difficult to remove in subsequent drying processes. Here, we use femtosecond two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to provide an in-depth understanding of how residual solvent from processing affects the molecular structures and dynamics within a polymer electrolyte. To this end, linear and nonlinear infrared spectroscopies are employed to interrogate the molecular interactions in PAN-based electrolytes containing various contents of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). We show that the amount of DMF within the PAN electrolyte affects the Li+ structure. The coordination can proceed through the carbonyl group and/or the amide nitrogen to form antiparallel structures with the nitrile groups of PAN through dipole-dipole interactions. The free motion of DMF is drastically inhibited upon interaction with Li+ and PAN, which decreases the ionic conductivity and potentially affects the stability (resistance toward removal and chemical decomposition). These findings have implications for the design and processing of solid polymer electrolytes.

Effect of δ-Ferrite Formation and Self-Tempering Behavior on Mechanical Properties of Type 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

This study explores the formation of δ-ferrite and its self-tempering behavior in the microstructure of Type 410 martensitic stainless steel produced via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The study investigates the correlation between varying energy densities applied during the L-PBF process and the resultant mechanical properties of the as-built specimens. A microstructural analysis shows that with an increase in energy density, the δ-ferrite fraction decreases, while the martensite content increases, leading to changes in tensile strength and elongation. Higher energy densities reduce tensile strength but significantly enhance ductility. The self-tempering effect of martensite in reheated zones, caused by the complex thermal cycling during the L-PBF process, plays a critical role in determining mechanical behavior. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the additive manufacturing of martensitic stainless steels to achieve the desired mechanical properties.

Processing characteristics of C/C composites with nanosecond pulse laser

This study investigates the effects of the nanosecond pulse laser parameters on the processing characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix (C/C) composites through a series of laser cutting experiments. It compares the cutting width, depth, heat-affected zone (HAZ) width, processed surface micro-morphology, as well as the oxidation characteristics of the material under different processing parameters. The HAZ width is analyzed in relation to the variations in the oxygen content. The results indicate that both the cutting width and depth initially increase and then decrease with increasing repetition frequency. Moreover, increasing the laser power and pulse width gradually increases the cutting width, depth, and HAZ width, whereas a higher scanning speed tends to reduce the cutting width and depth. Since changes in the processing power, scanning speed, and pulse width affect the HAZ, the oxygen content exhibits a proportional relationship with the HAZ width. In addition, an increase in the repetition frequency can expand the HAZ while reducing the oxygen content. A careful increase in the repetition frequency aids in lowering the ablation threshold of the material, leading to more material removal. Nevertheless, a continuous increase in energy density can trigger a fiber pull-out phenomenon and cause degradation of the matrix.

Artificial Electron Channels Enable Contact Prelithiation of Li-Ion Battery Anodes with Ultrahigh Li-Source Utilization.

Contact prelithiation is widely used to compensate for the initial capacity loss of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the low utilization of the Li source, which suffers from the deteriorated contact interfaces, results in cycling degeneration. Herein, Li-Ag alloy-based artificial electron channels (AECs) are established in Li source/graphite anode contact interfaces to promote Li-source conversion. Due to the shielding effect of the Li-Ag alloy (50 at. % Li) on Li-ion diffusion, the dry-state interfacial corrosion is restricted. The unblocked electronic conduction across the AEC-involved interface not only facilitates the Li-source conversion but also accelerates the prelithiation kinetics during the wet-state process, resulting in an ultrahigh Li-source utilization (90.7 %). Implementing AEC-assisted prelithiation in a LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 pouch cell yields a 35.8 % increase in energy density and stable cycling over 600 cycles. This finding affords significant insights into the construction of an efficient prelithiation technology for the development of high-energy LIBs.

Artificial Electron Channels Enable Contact Prelithiation of Li‐Ion Battery Anodes with Ultrahigh Li‐Source Utilization

AbstractContact prelithiation is widely used to compensate for the initial capacity loss of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the low utilization of the Li source, which suffers from the deteriorated contact interfaces, results in cycling degeneration. Herein, Li−Ag alloy‐based artificial electron channels (AECs) are established in Li source/graphite anode contact interfaces to promote Li‐source conversion. Due to the shielding effect of the Li−Ag alloy (50 at. % Li) on Li‐ion diffusion, the dry‐state interfacial corrosion is restricted. The unblocked electronic conduction across the AEC‐involved interface not only facilitates the Li‐source conversion but also accelerates the prelithiation kinetics during the wet‐state process, resulting in an ultrahigh Li‐source utilization (90.7 %). Implementing AEC‐assisted prelithiation in a LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 pouch cell yields a 35.8 % increase in energy density and stable cycling over 600 cycles. This finding affords significant insights into the construction of an efficient prelithiation technology for the development of high‐energy LIBs.

Redox Mediator as Highly Efficient Charge Storage Electrode Additive for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLBs) have the potential to provide a significant increase in energy density and safety. However, most ASSLBs are still suffering from low cathode loading, poor rate capability, and low attainable energy/power densities, which seriously limit their practical application. Besides developing solid electrolytes with high conductivity, constructing a highly loaded cathode with rapid reaction kinetics is also essential for achieving high‐performance ASSLBs. Herein, the methylamine hydroiodide (CH6NI) is investigated as a functional electrode additive to enable rapid Li+ transport and charge transfer in LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode, whereby the CH6NI serves as a charge storage carrier that facilitates the reaction kinetics during the delithiation and lithiation process of LFP. As a result, the ASSLB assembled with LFP@CH6NI cathode shows excellent cycling stability over 700 cycles at 2 C with a high capacity retention of 87.6%, while the cell with bare LFP cathode shows no capacity at high current rates (≥0.5 C). Moreover, the ASSLB pared with a high active loading cathode (5.6 mg cm−2) still exhibits a high specific capacity of 144.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C. This work provides a facile strategy that opens new possibilities for designing high‐loading electrodes for high‐performance ASSLBs.

Research on the fabrication of high-quality patterned diamond using femtosecond laser

Diamond, known for its exceptional thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, is widely used in precision machining tools, MEMS, and electronic devices. However, because of its extreme hardness and chemical inertness, diamond machining is highly challenging. Femtosecond laser technology, with its high instantaneous energy and minimal heat-affected zone, has emerged as an effective method for the precision machining of diamond. This study explores the application of 1026 nm and 513 nm femtosecond lasers in diamond grooving. The experimental results indicate that with increasing laser energy density, both groove width and depth increase, accompanied by a rise in amorphous carbon and graphite contents, resulting in increased tensile stress and decreased crystallinity in the machined region. Notably, the 513 nm laser demonstrates higher precision, achieving narrower grooves suitable for fine machining of diamond. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental data reveal that the formation of amorphous carbon and graphite phases is the primary mechanism for deep ablation, and no significant anisotropy is observed during the process, allowing for the uniform fabrication of micro-nanostructures. TEM analysis confirms the presence of amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline diamond at the groove bottom, indicating phase transformation and also the formation of nanoscale diamond particles in regions of concentrated femtosecond laser energy. This study provides experimental and theoretical support for the high-quality fabrication of micro-nano structures on diamond, with significant implications for its advanced applications.

Highly Effective Polyacrylonitrile-Rich Artificial Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase for Dendrite-Free Li-Metal/Solid-State Battery.

Lithium metal anode batteries have attracted significant attention as a promising energy storage technology, offering a high theoretical specific capacity and a low electrochemical potential. Utilizing lithium metal as the anode material can substantially increase energy density compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries. However, the practical application of lithium metal anodes has encountered notable challenges, primarily due to the formation of dendritic structures during cycling. These dendrites pose safety risks and degrade battery performance. Addressing these challenges necessitates the development of a reliable and effective protection layer for lithium metal. This study presents a cost-effective and convenient method to spontaneously produce lithium metal protective layers by creating polymeric layers by using acrylonitrile (AN). This method remarkably extends 6× of the lifetime of lithium metal anodes under high current density (1 mA/cm2) cycling conditions. While the cycle life of bare lithium metal is approximately 150 h under high current cycling conditions, AN-treated lithium metal anodes exhibit an impressive longevity of over 900 h. The AN-treated lithium metal anodes are further integrated and tested with sulfide-based Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) solid-state electrolytes to evaluate its interfacial stability at a solid-solid interface. The formation of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-rich ASEI, due to AN-treatment, effectively reduces and stabilizes the cell overpotential to only one-tenth of that with the interface without treatment. This strategy paves a route to enable a highly efficient and highly stable Li/LGPS solid-state battery interface.

High-energy Mn2V2O7//C asymmetric supercapacitors in aqueous/organic hybrid electrolytes

The demand for advanced energy storage devices, such as high-energy density supercapacitors, has spurred efforts to develop new environmentally friendly and efficient electrode materials and electrolyte solutions for sustainable development. A prominent strategy is the fabrication of high-voltage and energy-density asymmetric supercapacitors (AS). In this study, dimanganese divanadate (Mn2V2O7, MVO) particles were synthesized via a hydrothermal process and used as pseudocapacitive electrodes for AS. The pseudocapacitive MVO electrode offered synergistic advantages of reversible surface or near-surface Faradaic reactions for charge storage. Another approach to address the challenges of limited energy density in supercapacitors was modifying the electrolyte solution to widen the operating voltage window and increase energy density. A hybrid electrolyte solution of 5 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) in a mixture of (2:1) volume ratio of acetonitrile (AN) and water (H2O) was introduced to expand the voltage window in the AS. The fabricated AS with MVO as a pseudocapacitive electrode and activated carbon as a double-layer capacitive electrode operated in a voltage window > 2.0 V with the hybrid electrolyte. The AS device exhibited a capacitance of 156.9 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and a high energy density of 87.2 Wh kg−1, surpassing the carbon-based symmetric supercapacitor (58.9 Wh kg−1). Furthermore, the pseudocapacitive supercapacitor showed exceptional long-term stability over 50,000 cycles. Structural and surface characterization of the MVO electrode after CV testing validated that the charge storage mechanism in Mn2V2O7//C was a surface-controlled process. The performance of the AS pouch cell revealed the great promise of the pseudocapacitive electrode in practical applications.

Exfoliating Ti3AlC2 MAX into Ti3C2Tz MXene: A Powerful Strategy to Enhance High‐Voltage Dielectric Performance of Percolation‐Based PVDF Nanodielectrics

AbstractAll‐solid‐state polymer dielectrics benefit from a superior voltage window and conveniently circumvent fire hazards associated with liquid electrolytes. Nevertheless, their future competitiveness with alternative energy storage technologies requires a significant enhancement in their energy density. The addition of conductive 2D MXene particles is a promising strategy for creating percolation‐based nanodielectrics with improved dielectric response. However, a full understanding of the nanodielectric production – microstructure – dielectric performance correlations is crucial. Therefore, this research considered Ti3AlC2 MAX phase and Ti3C2Tz MXene as electrically conductive ceramic fillers in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Microstructural characterization of both nanodielectrics demonstrated excellent filler dispersion. Additionally, the exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 brought forth extensive alignment and interface accessibility, synergistically activating a pronounced interfacial polarization and nanocapacitor mechanism that enhanced the energy density of PVDF by a factor 100 to 3.1 Wh kg−1@0.1 Hz at 22.9 vol% MXene filler. The stellar increase in the PVDF energy density occurred for a broad MXene filler loading range owing to the unique 2D morphology of MXenes, whereas the addition of Ti3AlC2 fillers only caused a detrimental reduction. Hence, this study buttressed the importance to exfoliate the parental MAX phase into multi‐layered MXene as a decisive strategy for boosting nanodielectric performance.

A Quasi-Solid-State Polymer Lithium-Metal Battery with Minimal Excess Lithium, Ultrathin Separator, and High-Mass Loading NMC811 Cathode.

Solid-state batteries with lithium metal anodes are considered the next major technology leap with respect to today's lithium-ion batteries, as they promise a significant increase in energy density. Expectations for solid-state batteries from the automotive and aviation sectors are high, but their implementation in industrial production remains challenging. Here, we report a solid-state lithium-metal battery enabled by a polymer electrolyte consisting of a poly(DMADAFSI) cationic polymer and LiFSI in Pyr13FSI as plasticizer. The polymer electrolyte is infiltrated and solidified in the pores of a commercial LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode with up to 2.8 mAh cm-2 nominal areal capacity and in the pores of a 25 μm thin commercial polypropylene separator. Cathode and separator are finally laminated into a cell in combination with a commercial 20 μm thin lithium metal anode. Our demonstration of a solid-state polymer battery cycling at full nominal capacity employing exclusively commercially available components available at industrial scale represents a critical step forward toward the commercialization of a competitive all-solid-state battery technology.

Self-Templated 3D Sulfide-Based Solid Composite Electrolyte for Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries.

Rechargeable solid-state sodium metal batteries (SSMBs) experience growing attention owing to the increased energy density (vs Na-ion batteries) and cost-effective materials. Inorganic sulfide-based Na-ion conductors also possess significant potential as promising solid electrolytes (SEs) in SSMBs. Nevertheless, due to the highly reactive Na metal, poor interface compatibility is the biggest obstacle for inorganic sulfide solid electrolytes such as Na3SbS4 to achieve high performance in SSMBs. To address such electrochemical instability at the interface, new design of sulfide SE nanostructures and interface engineering are highly essential. In this work, a facile and straightforward approach is reported to prepare 3D sulfide-based solid composite electrolytes (SCEs), which utilize porous Na3SbS4 (NSS) as a self-templated framework and fill with a phase transition polymer. The 3D structured SCEs display obviously improved interface stability toward Na metal than pristine sulfide. The assembled SSMBs (with TiS2 or FeS2 as cathodes) deliver outstanding electrochemical cycling performance. Moreover, the cycling of high-voltage oxide cathode Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNMO) is also demonstrated in SSMBs using 3D sulfide-based SCEs. This study presents a novel design on the self-templated nanostructure of SCEs, paving the way for the advancement of high-energy sodium metal batteries.

Numerical simulations of temperature anisotropy instabilities stimulated by suprathermal protons

Context. The new in situ measurements of the Solar Orbiter mission contribute to the knowledge of the suprathermal populations in the solar wind, especially of ions and protons whose characterization, although still in the early phase, seems to suggest a major involvement in the interaction with plasma wave fluctuations. Aims. Recent studies point to the stimulating effect of suprathermal populations on temperature anisotropy instabilities in the case of electrons already being demonstrated in theory and numerical simulations. Here, we investigate anisotropic protons, addressing the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) and the proton firehose (PFH) instabilities. Methods. Suprathermal populations enhance the high-energy tails of the Kappa velocity (or energy) distributions measured in situ, enabling characterization by contrasting to the quasi-thermal population in the low-energy (bi-)Maxwellian core. We use hybrid simulations to investigate the two instabilities (with ions or protons as particles and electrons as fluid) for various configurations relevant to the solar wind and terrestrial magnetosphere. Results. The new simulation results confirm the linear theory and its predictions. In the presence of suprathermal protons, the wave fluctuations reach increased energy density levels for both instabilities and cause faster and/or deeper relaxation of temperature anisotropy. The magnitude of suprathermal effects also depends on each instability’s specific (initial) parametric regimes. Conclusions. These results further strengthen the belief that wave-particle interactions govern space plasmas. These provide valuable clues for understanding their dynamics, particularly the involvement of suprathermal particles behind the quasi-stationary non-equilibrium states reported by in situ observations.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performances of Fluffy Carbonized Hexagonal KCoPO4 as Pseudocapacitive Electrode for High performing Hybrid Supercapacitor Applications

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage is one of the effective ways that can address the mentioned issues as alternative energy/power produced through solar or windmills can effectively be stored for continuous usage. Hybrid/Asymmetric supercapacitors can deliver a significant amount of power density as well as increased energy density with better rate capability and longer lifespan. The fluffy carbonized hexagonal KCoPO4 synthesized via a simple sol‐gel method accompanied by calcination has delivered high capacitance and longer cyclibility as a positive electrode in aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors. The fluffy carbonized hexagonal KCoPO4 exhibited a specific capacitance equal to 725 F/g at 0.5 A/g current density with excellent cyclic stability. The predominant intercalative pseudocapacitive charge storage behavior seems to be the reason behind the high capacitance of the electrode due to the active involvement of Co2+/3+ redox couple mediate charge storage as intercalative (inner) and capacitive, (outer) surface charges storage on the electrode were close to 37 % and 63 % respectively. Aqueous Asymmetric supercapacitor mode with KCoPO4 being a positive electrode and activated carbon being a negative electrode (KCoPO4//AC) was designed to address its performance in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The fabricated device in AASc mode (AC//KCoPO4) achieved the highest energy density close to 121.1 Wh/kg with a high power density of 6945 W/kg in the potential window of 1.5 V in 2 M KOH electrolyte.

Win-Win Strategies Enable Efficient Anode-Less Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors.

Boosting the energy and power densities of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices to broaden their practicality is of great significance and emergently desirable. Recently, the EES cells with an anode-free concept have been announced to realize those targets. Herein, 20 μm of a zincophilic layer prepared by blending ZIF-8 and sodium alginate (SA) is uniformly coated on Cu foil (Z8-SA@Cu) as an alternative anode for anode-less zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ALZHSCs). Contributing by the distinctive features evidenced by electrochemical measurements and post-mortem analyses: (1) less nucleation barrier and overpotential, (2) limited zincate formation, (3) improved Zn2+ flux and (4) efficient Zn plating/stripping, the as-prepared Z8-SA@Cu is rationally considered to be a promising anode for ALZHSCs. Encouragingly, the assembled ALZHSC device not only delivers an impressive rate capability (40 mAh/g at 1 mA/cm2 and 34 mAh/g at 10 mA/cm2) but also achieves the excellent cycling stability (capacity retention: 88 % after 12,000 cycles at 5 mA). Most importantly, the ALZHSC device also reveals significant increases in gravimetric energy density and high-power ability as compared to the traditional ZHSCs.

Obtaining V2(PO4)3 by sodium extraction from single-phase NaxV2(PO4)3 (1 < x < 3) positive electrode materials.

We report on single-phase NaxV2(PO4)3 compositions (1.5 ≤ x ≤ 2.5) of the Na super ionic conductor type, obtained from a straightforward synthesis route. Typically, chemically prepared c-Na2V2(PO4)3, obtained by annealing an equimolar mixture of Na3V2(PO4)3 and NaV2(PO4)3, exhibits a specific sodium-ion distribution (occupancy of the Na(1) site of only 0.66(4)), whereas that of the electrochemically obtained e-Na2V2(PO4)3 (from Na3V2(PO4)3) is close to 1. Unlike conventional Na3V2(PO4)3, when used as positive electrode materials in Na-ion batteries, the NaxV2(PO4)3 compositions lead to unusual single-phase Na+ extraction/insertion mechanisms with continuous voltage changes upon Na+ extraction/insertion. We demonstrate that the average equilibrium operating voltage observed upon Na+ deintercalation from single-phase Na2V2(PO4)3 is increased up to an average value of ~3.70 V versus Na+/Na (thanks to the activation of the V4+/V5+ redox couple) compared to 3.37 V versus Na+/Na in conventional Na3V2(PO4)3, thus leading to an increase in the theoretical energy density from 396.3 Wh kg-1 to 458.1 Wh kg-1. Electrochemical and chemical Na+ deintercalation from c-Na2V2(PO4)3 enables complete Na-ion extraction, increasing energy density.

The Effects of Laser Power on the Performance and Microstructure of Inconel 718 Formed by Selective Laser Melting

In this study, the effects of laser power on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 formed by SLM were systematically studied. The results show that with the increase in laser power from 285 W to 360 W, the increase in working temperature in the molten pool promoted the evaporation of gas and the vaporization of the low-melting-point alloy components, and the relative density gradually increased from 99.31% to 99.79%. In addition, with the increase in laser energy density, the microstructure gradually coarsened from columnar dendrites to cellular crystals. The nano-hardness of the material decreased with the increase in laser power. The nano-hardness of four groups of samples from 285 W to 360 W decreased form 3.43 GPa to 2.09 GPa, and the elastic modulus decreased form 205.72 GPa to 199.91 GPa.

Separator‐Supported Electrode Configuration for Ultra‐High Energy Density Lithium Secondary Battery

AbstractSignificant efforts are being made to develop high‐performance battery materials, particularly active materials. However, material‐dependent strategies for increasing energy density face challenges such as raw material costs and supply limitations, reducing their versatility to some extent. In this regard, the development of efficient battery designs can be a universal approach to increasing the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries with relatively low dependence on material properties. Herein, a novel configuration of an electrode‐separator assembly is presented, where the electrode layer is directly coated on the separator, to realize lightweight lithium‐ion batteries by removing heavy current collectors. Even on the hydrophobic separator, a poly(vinyl alcohol) binder enables uniform and scalable coating of aqueous electrode slurries through molecular interactions with the separator surface. Moreover, carbon nanotubes are utilized to reinforce the electronic conduction of the electrode, providing consistent electronic pathways regardless of SEI formation. Furthermore, owing to the superior permeability of liquid electrolytes through this electrode‐separator assembly, a multilayered electrode‐separator assembly can be suggested to further increase energy density when combined with a lithium metal anode. This lithium metal battery can achieve an areal capacity of ≈30 mAh cm−2 and an enhanced energy density of over 20% compared to conventional battery configurations.