Increased Blood Eosinophil Research Articles

Acute Interstitial Nephritis: A Clinical and Morphological Study in 27 Patients

The clinical presentation, the morphological findings, and the clinical outcome of 27 patients with biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis were studied. All patients except one presented with acute renal failure. Typical clinical findings were often absent. Only four patients showed the classical triad of pyrexia, rash and arthralgia. In more than half of the patients an increased blood eosinophil count was not present. Kidney biopsy is therefore needed to establish the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. In many patients acute interstitial nephritis was diagnosed in the biopsy when clinically this type of kidney disease was not expected. In 17 patients renal function improved spontaneously after withdrawal of the drug responsible or treatment of the infection. In ten patients who showed further deterioration of renal function in the first 2 weeks after admission, prednisone therapy was instituted. In all of them improvement of renal function was observed, with six returning to normal.

Experimental trichinellosis in horses: Biological and parasitological evaluation

Three groups of three horses each were, respectively, infected with 5000, 20 000 and 50 000 larvae of Trichinella spiralis. The strain used was isolated from a human biopsy during horsemeat-related outbreaks of trichinellosis in France. Transient muscular disorder were only observed in two of the horses infected with 50 000 larvae but none of the horses had fever. A significant increase in blood eosinophils was noticed in 5 horses. Serum LDh, aldolase and CPK peaked at the fifth week post-infection. Specific IgG assayed by indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA, appeared 2–5 weeks post-infevtion and disappeared between 16 and 40 weeks. The distribution of T. spiralis larvae was maximal in the tongue, masseters and diaphragm, but a large decreased in the number of larvae recovered from the muscles was noticed among the horses slaughtered at the beginning and end of the experiment. In muscular histological sections, larvae were observed in an intramyofibrillar position and were surrounded by a mild to severe inflammatory reaction.

Outbreak of trichinosis near Paris.

A localised outbreak of trichinosis occurred in January 1976 in the southern suburbs of Paris. A total fo 125 cases was recorded including 30 children. The prominent symptoms were oedema of the face or eyelids, fever, and myalgia; diarrhoea was unusual and constipation common. An increased blood eosinophil count and raised serum concentrations of muscular enzymes strongly indicated trichinosis. This diagnosis was confirmed later immunologically. The parasite was found in only three out of 32 muscle biopsy specimens but this investigation was made relatively early in the disease. No deaths occurred. In all cases clinical recovery was fast and serum antibody titres were maximum during the first month and decreased slowly. The disease was milder and the recovery faster in children than adults. Epidemiological study suggested that horse meat was responsible for the infection, though no meat could be examined.

Mechanism of eosinophilia. VII. Eosinophilia in rats with lymphoma.

SummaryInbred rats developed an increased blood eosinophil count 2 weeks after injection of syngeneic or semi‐syngeneic lymphoma cells. An eosinophilia did not occur in allogeneic recipients. Autoradiographic studies of bone marrow eosinophil production showed that additional eosinophils were not being made, and tissue eosinophil levels were also normal. Moreover injections of prednisolone did not lower blood eosinophil counts significantly in the rats with the lymphoma. Other experiments showed that the eosinophilia was probably not due to a graft‐versus‐host reaction. It was concluded that the mechanism of eosinophilia was a prolongation of eosinophil survival in the blood, possibly due to blockage of normal emigration pathways into tissues, by large numbers of blood‐borne lymphoma cells.

Quantitative Studies of the Cellular Responses to Antigen Injections in Normal Mice: Technic for Determining Cells in the Peritoneal Fluid

AbstractThis paper has presented a procedure for collecting undiluted peritoneal fluid its quantities sufficient for total and eosinophil cell chamber counts as well as films for differential counts. Diluents and staining procedures were described for both blood and peritoneal fluid. These included a modified Wright-Giemsa stain for bulk staining which was found to give consistent results equivalent to the best slides made in our laboratory by other Romanowski stains.These modified hematologic technics were applied to blood and peritoneal fluid of over 200 mice which had received intraperitoneal injections of various antigens. Time following observations were made:1. The blood leukocytes showed few characteristic changes following an antigen injection into sensitized as compared with non-sensitized mice. In both groups of animals, there was a temporary neutrophilia and a slight increase in both lymphocytes and monocytes, which lasted throughout the experiment. A significant increase in blood eosinophils occurred 7 days after the injection of pollen into pollen-sensitized mice.2. The cells of the peritoneal fluid showed very marked changes following the intraperitoneal injection of antigen:a) The neutrophils were rarely present in normal peritoneal fluid, but within one hour after intraperitoneal injection these cells were found to accumulate in great numbers in the peritoneal fluid. They disappeared almost completely by the 2nd day.b) The mononuclear cells showed very little change in number during the first 24 hour period after the injection of either pollen or albumin. They increased in both groups of animals by the 2nd day after injections, but continued to increase over a 10 day period in the animals which had been both sensitized and reinjected with pollen.c) The eosinophil response to antigen injection was significantly greater its animals which had been previously sensitized to the antigen injected. Albumin injections into pollen-sensitized mice did not produce any significant changes in the number of eosinophils in the peritoneal fluid, over a 42 day period. However, the injection of pollen into animals which had received prior injections of pollen, was followed by a progressive increase in the number of eosinophils within the first 12 hours after injection. By the 4th day, these cells averaged 45,000 cells per cu. mm. and accounted for 25 per cent of the total peritoneal cells. The number of eosinophils returned to the original levels by the l0th day and averaged about 5,000 cells per cu. mm. for the remainder of the experiment. The cosinophil response at 48 hours was found to be specific. Only a slight eosinophilia occurred following single intraperitoneal injections of pollen, bovine albumin, horse Serum, ascaris extract, or keratin into non-sensitized mice. However, marked eosinophilia occurred in all animals which had been sensitized by repeated injections of the same antigen.In conclusion, these experiments indicate that mice respond in a specific manner to the antigen with which they were sensitized. There is a quantitative increase in the mononuclear and eosinophil cells at the site of injection.