Increased AChE Activity Research Articles

Morphological and biochemical study in X-ray- and dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells

X-irradiation or dibutyryl adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) induced axon formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells in vitro. The differentiated cells showed morphological maturation, as shown by an increase in the cellular and nuclear size. Neuroblastoma cells in the presence of DBcAMP grew at a slightly reduced rate for 2 days; however, at day 3 they reached plateau phase. The removal of DBcAMP and readdition of fresh growth medium at day 4 did not cause renewal of cell division, indicating that morphological cell differentiation for the most part was irreversible. Na-butyrate, 3′5′ cyclic AMP, 5′ AMP, ATP, ADP, 3′5′ cyclic guanosine monophosphate caused inhibition of cell growth but did not produce morphological differentiation. Acetylcholinesterase activity in both the X-ray- and DBcAMP-induced differentiated cells increased by a factor of 10. Na-butyrate and 3′5′ cyclic AMP which inhibited cell division but did not cause morphological differentiation also increased AChE activity to a similar extent.

Studies on the variations of monoamineoxidase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the brain under some environmental conditions

In the previous report, the seasonal variations of monoamineoxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (Ach-E) activities were observed in the seven parts of rabbit's brains. In this report, the auther investigated the affections of the other environmental conditions (immobilization, cold and noise) on these enzyme activities in the brain parts.The term, geographic region and experimental procedures were the same as mentioned in the previous report ecxept for the exposure to different physical environmental conditions.The seasonal variations of enzymatic activities in the 51 adult male albino rabbits in 3 groups were observed in this report by exposing for 2 hours to the different environments: the first group was immobilized by wrapping up their limbs in supine position, the second group was exposed to the cold at -10±2°C, and the third group was exposed to a noise at the level of 100-105 phon characterized by wide octave-band specturm.The results were as follows:1. When the season was ignored, the increase of MAO activity in cerebellum and the decrease of Ach-E activity in myelencephalon and cerebellum under the cold condition, and the decrease of Ach-E activity in myelencephalon and cerebellum under the noise condition, were observed as compared with control groups, but under the immobilization signigcant change was not observed in any parts of the brain.2. The same response pattern of these enzyme activities was observed in the exposure to the different three conditions, as compared with control during the same seasons. But in spite of the exposure to the same condition, a different response pattern was observed in the different season.3. Without concerning the difference of the exposed conditions, the increase of MAO activity in the summer and the autumn, and the decrease of MAO activity in the winter and the spring, were observed especially in telencephalon, diencephalon, myelencephalon and cerebellum. On the contrary, the decrease of Ach-E activity in the summer and the autumn, and the increase of Ach-E activity in the winter and spring, were observed especially in telencephalon and myelencephalon.From these results, it may be concluded that the each of these different conditions affected on these enzyme activities but there was no difference in the affection of the each condition, and that the seasonal variation was important for providing the control levels of these enzyme activities in the homeostatic response to another new affection.

Apparent activation of bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by saponin

The intravenous administration of saponin to cows caused an appreciable rise in the AChE activity of erythrocytes of blood taken from animals showing certain signs of bloat. The in vitro addition of saponin to bovine erythrocytes likewise produced an increase in AChE activity, but inhibited the activity of a purified preparation of the enzyme. Other surface-active agents, namely sodium dodeyl sulfate, sodium taurocholate, Tween 20, and n-butanol, had a greater inhibitory effect on the purified enzyme than on the activity of bovine erythrocytes. At low concentrations, butanol had an activating effect similar to that of saponin. Experiments are described which indicate that the apparent activation of AChE of bovine erythrocytes by saponin is due to the release of the enzyme from the stroma, an effect which obscures the true inhibitory nature of this substance.