Marine aerosols affect coastal environments and human infrastructure, hence assessing the marine aerosol deposition in coastal areas is important. Field observations of marine aerosol deposition in coastal regions is commonly limited to a single station at high temporal resolution, which does not provide strong constraints on the spatial changes in the rate of aerosol delivery over the first 10 km distance from the coast, a gradient with the potential to constrain scavenging terms in aerosol models. Here, we provide data of monthly marine aerosol deposition (wet and dry) within the first 10 km from the coast during a 15-month monitoring study. Along a transect, a strong decrease of marine aerosols (Na, Mg, S and K) in the first 3 km from the coast but little decrease between 3 and 10 km is found. Based on fluxes of Na, the most conservative component measured and most completely attributed to marine aerosol sources, overall dry aerosol deposition decreases by nearly 20 to 30-fold from the coast to the station 10 km inland. Wet and dry marine aerosol deposition is significantly increased during the windy season (October until March), which is also the season of higher precipitation. The wind effect on aerosol deposition was greatest at the coast and diminished inland: between October and November 2019, the 3-fold increase in cumulative wind speed above the whitecap threshold caused a nearly 10-fold increase in the most proximal site, a 4-fold increase in 3.2 km sites, but only a 2-fold increase in dry aerosol deposition in the most distal sites. Independent of the season, the aerosol deposition rate >3 km from the coast drops to less than 20% of the most coast proximal station. Comparison of elemental ratios with seawater composition confirms the marine origin of Na and Mg in aerosols, but indicates additional sources and sinks for other elements (S and K) which do not correspond with expected marine sources. Furthermore, we test the time-integrated aerosol deposition in shallow groundwaters intercepted as cave drip waters from 13 caves, which confirm the decreasing contribution with distance from the coast but also reveal additional effects on the natural capture of wet and dry aerosols such as wind shielding effects and vegetation cover. The Na/Mg ratio of drip waters can be used to assess the significance of marine aerosols vs. bedrock to cave waters in the present day.