Increasing Wave Height Research Articles

Numerical Simulation Study on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Offshore Floating Photovoltaics

With the development of renewable energy and the utilization of marine resources, large-scale offshore floating photovoltaics have gradually attracted widespread attention. In order to develop offshore floating photovoltaics and promote sustainable development, it has become necessary to explore the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating photovoltaic units and floating arrays. In this work, based on the viscous flow theory, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM) methods are used to analyze the hydrodynamics of the floating body unit of offshore floating photovoltaics. The influencing factors include mooring length, mooring radius, and floating unit length. In addition, the hydrodynamic performance of the floating body unit and the floating body array under different wave heights and periods is also discussed to explore the influence of environmental loads on the floating body unit and the floating body array. The results indicate that the mooring tension exhibits an opposite trend with the surge and heave motions when the mooring line length and radius are varied. The motion is found to be more pronounced when the floating body unit length is 0.4 times the wavelength. The heave motion of the floating body unit exhibits a strong linear relationship with wave height, increasing by 0.01 m for every 0.015 m increase in wave height. The motion of the floating body units on both sides connected to the mooring lines decreases as the array length increases.

A New Grid-Slat Fusion Device to Improve the Take-Off and Landing Performance of Amphibious Seaplanes

To reduce the aerodynamic performance degradation caused by the sculling phenomenon on the flap of amphibious seaplanes, this study proposes a grid-slat fusion design method that integrates grid channels into the slats to create multiple lift surfaces. This new configuration enhances not only the lift capacity of the slats but also the lift characteristics of the main wing, leveraging ejector effects from the grid channels. A grid-slat fusion configuration parametrization method is developed based on the “new conic curve” concept, and an optimization approach is implemented using the NSGA-II algorithm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) verification of the 30P30N airfoil demonstrates that the grid-slat fusion design enhances the lift-to-drag ratio of the optimized 2D configuration by up to 8.5% at a specific condition, thereby significantly improving its aerodynamic performance at high angles of attack and meeting the requirements for take-off and landing. The three-dimensional configuration demonstrates a stall angle of attack delay of 2° and a maximum lift coefficient increase of 6%. Furthermore, the grid-slat composite configuration allows a better lift-to-drag ratio, and its aerodynamic characteristics improve with increasing wave height. During the wave runup phase, aerodynamic performance is further enhanced, with different wave positions significantly influencing the aerodynamic performance.

Numerical Study on the Wave Attenuation Performance of a Novel Partial T Special-Type Floating Breakwater

Floating breakwaters (FBs) play an important role in protecting coastlines, marine structures, and ports due to their simple construction, convenient movement, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, the traditional box-type FBs are flawed due to their requiring large sizes for wave attenuation and their overly high level of wave reflection. In this paper, a novel partial T special-type FB with wave attenuation on the surface and flow blocking below the water has been presented. First, the User-Defined Function (UDF) feature in ANSYS Fluent was employed to compile the six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion model. A two-dimensional viscous numerical wave flume was developed using the velocity boundary wave-generation method and damping dissipation wave-absorption method, with fully coupled models of the FBs developed. A VOF multiphase flow model and a RANS turbulence model were employed to capture the free flow of gas–liquid two-phase flow. Then, the performance of wave attenuation of the new FB was compared with that of the traditional box-type FB of the same specifications. The simulation results showed that the transmission coefficient of the new FB is significantly lower than that of the box-type FB, and the dissipation coefficient is notably higher, demonstrating excellent performance of wave attenuation, particularly for long-period waves. As wave height increases, the novel FB benefits from its wave attenuation mechanism, with a lower reflection coefficient compared to the box-type FB. Finally, through parametric analysis, some design recommendations of the novel FB suitable for practical engineering applications in deep-sea aquaculture are presented.

Identification of the factors influencing the liquid sloshing wave height in a sloped bottom tank under horizontal excitation using PCA approach

The dynamic behavior of liquid storage tanks represents a pivotal research area concerning structural safety and reliability. Notably, sloped bottom tanks exhibit heightened sloshing with reduced liquid mass compared to rectangular counterparts. This study adopts a hybrid approach that seamlessly integrates the linear potential-flow theory, renowned for its analytical rigor in fluid dynamics modeling, with principal component analysis (PCA), a potent technique for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction. The hybrid methodology initially employs the linear potential-flow theory to simulate the fundamental fluid dynamics within sloped bottom tanks subjected to horizontal excitation. Subsequently, PCA is applied to the simulated data, identifying key components of liquid sloshing wave height variations. Through the analysis of these principal components, an accurate model of the maximum sloshing wave height is derived, achieving a close correlation with ANSYS simulation results, exhibiting a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a mean absolute error of 2.5%. This approach uniquely facilitates the evaluation of the intricate interplay between multiple factors, including tank geometry and excitation frequency, on the dynamic characteristics of liquid sloshing waves in sloped bottom tanks. The findings emphasize the significant influence of tank height and tilt angle, with a sensitivity analysis indicating a 4.07% increase in maximum wave height per degree increase in tilt angle under specified experimental conditions. This comprehensive methodology not only enhances understanding of the complex liquid sloshing phenomenon but also provides precise theoretical and practical guidance for fluid sway control strategies. Future investigations will further expand the scope and elucidate the fundamental mechanisms governing liquid sloshing dynamics.

Impacts of an Artificial Sandbar on Wave Transformation and Runup over a Nourished Beach

Due to increasing coastal flooding and erosion in changing climate and rising sea level, there is a growing need for coastal protection and ecological restoration. Artificial sandbars have become popular green coastal infrastructure to protect coasts from these natural hazards. To assess the effect of an artificial sandbar on wave transformation over a beach under normal and storm wave conditions, a high-resolution non-hydrostatic model based on XBeach is established at the laboratory scale. Under normal wave conditions, wave energy is mainly concentrated in short wave frequency bands. The wave setup is negligible on the shoreface but becomes more significant over the beach face, and wave nonlinearity increases with decreasing water depth. The artificial sandbar reduces the wave setup by 22% and causes considerable changes in wave skewness, wave asymmetry, and flow velocity. Under storm wave conditions, as the incident wave height increases, the wave energy in the long wave frequency bands rises, while it decreases in the short wave frequency bands. The wave dissipation coefficient of an artificial sandbar increases first and then decreases with increasing incident wave height, and the opposite is true with the transmission coefficient. It features that the effect of an artificial sandbar on wave energy dissipation strengthens first and then weakens with increasing incident wave height. Additionally, an empirical formula for the wave runup was proposed based on the model results of the wave runup for storm wave conditions. The study reveals the complex processes of wave–structure–coast interactions and provides scientific evidence for the design of an artificial sandbar in beach nourishment projects.

Floating-Transport Characteristics of Integrated Mono-Column Composite Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines

In order to achieve the purposes of the transportation and installation of the integrated wind turbine with the mono-column composite bucket foundation, an integrated floating platform has been developed. Taking the integrated towing process of the multi-body coupling system as the research object, a model test with a scale ratio of 1:80 is designed. The influences of environmental factors such as significant wave height, wave period, and the wave incident angle on the motion response of the integrated wind turbine and the floating platform during the floating-transport process, the pressure inside the compartment, and the towing cable force have been studied. The research findings are as follows: (1) Wave height and wave period have a great influence on the integrated wind turbine and the floating platform. With the increase in wave height and wave period, the motion response of the integrated wind turbine and the floating platform increases, the air pressure fluctuation in the bucket foundation compartment becomes more and more intense, and the towing cable force required for towing also increases and fluctuates more violently. (2) When the wave incident angle changes from 0° to 45°, the pitching motion frequency of the integrated wind turbine significantly increases, the overall fluctuation of the compartment pressure in the bucket foundation compartment decreases, the motion response of the floating platform becomes larger, and the towing cable force required for towing also increases accordingly.

Developing a multi-region coupled analysis method for floating offshore wind turbine based on OpenFOAM

As floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) continue to scale up in size, the simulation technology for coupling aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, and mooring forces presents significant challenges. This study proposes a multi-region coupled simulation solver, MRFoam, for FOWTs. The multi-region coupled method divides the computational domain into two parts: the turbine region and the floating platform region. This division reduces the number of grid cells and facilitates modular simulations for various structural forms and operating conditions. Compared to the traditional fully coupled method, the multi-region coupled method significantly improves computational efficiency. For various models and grid quantities, the computational efficiency of the multi-region coupled method is nearly double that of the fully coupled method with the results remaining almost identical. Subsequently, the multi-region coupled model is applied for the aerodynamic, hydrodynamic and mooring dynamic analyses of a large-scale FOWT (IEA 15 MW) under various wind and wave conditions. The study found that a decrease in wind speed increases the amplitude of surge response while decreasing the amplitude of heave response. Additionally, at lower wind speeds, an increase in wave height amplifies the platform's motion response, while the variation in aerodynamic thrust is slightly influenced by the change in the platform's motion amplitude.

Experimental study of coupling response characteristics of offshore monopiles, seabed, and waves in various sea conditions

As the global pursuit of renewable energy intensifies and the demand for offshore wind turbines rises, a comprehensive understanding of the coupling response characteristics of offshore monopiles, seabed, and waves in various sea conditions has become increasingly crucial. This paper reports on a wave flume experiment and seeks to contribute valuable insights by examining the coupling response of offshore monopiles, seabed, and waves exerting a relentless influence. The experimental results indicate that the impact of waves on monopiles is significant: there is greater pressure on the wave facing surface of the offshore piles than the other faces, and the pressure increases with increased wave height as well as the height of the monopile. The wave impact also gives rise to pile motion, squeezing the soil near the monopile and causing gradual pore water pressure around the monopile, and when the wave impact is strong enough, the monopile loses stability. Finally, the experimental results indicate significant differences in the coupling response characteristics of an offshore monopile, the seabed, and waves in various sea conditions. When the wave height was small, the pore water pressure attenuated quickly in the direction of the depth of the seabed; however, as the height and period of waves increased, when the test wave height was more than 18.6 cm and the period was more than 1.63 s, the dynamic pore water pressure around the monopile first decreased and then increased along the depth direction, which, generated by the wave impact, led to vibration and squeezing of the soil near the monopile leg. This indicates that the closer the pile bottom, the more intense the squeezing. By investigating this development across different sea conditions, this study provides a nuanced understanding that can inform the design of offshore monopiles in the face of various marine environmental challenges.

Wave Energy Potential and the Role of Extreme Events on South America's Coasts. A Regional Frequency Analysis

This study examines wave energy potential and generation capacity from extreme waves along South America's Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Utilizing the Regional Frequency Analysis (RFA) method and the WAVERYS wave reanalysis model, 27 homogeneous regions with distinct wave patterns were identified. There's a notable southward increase in median and average wave heights and energy. Unlike previous studies, this research emphasizes the significant role of extreme wave events, which contribute up to 33 % of the total energy—a critical factor often overlooked in regional energy assessments. In the Pacific, three main zones were delineated, with energy peaks reaching 120 kW/m south of 50°S, while the Atlantic identified two zones with energy values ranging from 10 kW/m to 30 kW/m. Zones between 10°S to 40°S in the Pacific and 30°S to 60°S in the Atlantic stand out as particularly promising for energy harvesting. A comprehensive statistical methodology enabled predictions of wave heights and energy for 50 and 100-year return periods, predominantly utilized generalized Pareto and Gumbel distributions. The study affirms the efficacy of the RFA in improving the understanding of wave dynamics and highlights the necessity of integrating extreme events in energy assessments. This research provides a foundation for advancing wave energy initiatives and coastal risk mitigation in South America.

Long-Term Trends in Significant Wave Heights in The Mediterranean as an Indicator of Climate Change

The Mediterranean coastal zones, particularly along the Nile Delta, are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This study examines the historical changes in the significant wave height along the Nile Delta coast over the past 84 years (1940-2023) at a depth of 20 meters. By synthesizing a comprehensive long-term wave data series using ERA5 reanalysis data and the MIKE21-SW model, the study establishes a robust foundation for analysis. To ensure accuracy, the observed wind data were contrasted against ERA5 data, and they were found to be similar to a great extent. Furthermore, the model's accuracy was rigorously validated against the observational data, ensuring the reliability of the results. Three methods were used to obtain the trends for the maximum wave height to ensure robust and reliable trend assessments (i.e., linear regression, Theil-Sen, and ElasticNet). The results were obtained and analyzed, revealing a statistically significant increase in the maximum wave heights during the study period. Particularly, seasonal analysis revealed a positive trend in maximum wave heights during winter and spring (0.15 to 0.67 cm/year respectively). Furthermore, the monthly analysis showed a positive trend in the wave heights for all months except July, August, and September. Specifically, there were notable increases from September to December, ranging from 0.24 to 0.92 cm/year. These findings are consistent with the global trends of increasing wave heights due to climate change. It is essential for developing adaptive coastal management strategies and designing resilient structures. Consequently, the results will assist coastal authorities in mitigating the impacts of climate change on coastal zones.

Experimental Study on the Vibration Characteristics of a Wave-Induced Oscillation Heaving Plate Energy Capture Device

In order to develop green energy, reduce carbon emissions, and alleviate global warming and the green energy crisis, many researchers focus on wave energy, using a device to convert wave energy into electricity. The three main types of wave energy converters are the overtopping type, the oscillating water column type, and the oscillating body type, and for most of them, the power generation efficiency is low. The research team in this paper proposed a wave energy converter for a wave-induced oscillation heave plate. The plate vibrates up and down under the action of waves, and the captured energy of the vibrating plate transfers the energy to the generator, so as to generate electricity. There is electricity only when there is vibration; therefore, the vibration characteristic of the converter is crucial to power generation. So, the vibration characteristics of the energy capture structure of the converter were studied experimentally. The test results show that the energy harvesting device can vibrate, and the vibration effect is good, which further indicates that the device can generate electricity. The effects of different wave conditions and system stiffnesses on amplitude and corresponding amplitude were studied, and the amplitude increases with the increase in wave height and period and decreases with the increase in system stiffness. The amplitude response decreases with the increase in wave height and system stiffness. Under the test conditions, the maximum amplitude of the system is 6.23 cm (when the wave period is 1.40 s, the wave height is 0.25 m, and the system stiffness is 1735.62 N/m), and the maximum amplitude ratio is 0.34 (when the wave period is 1.1 s, the wave height is 0.10 m, and the system stiffness is 1735.62 N/m).

The influence of toe geometry on toe armour stability for conventional rubble mound breakwaters

Rubble mound breakwaters have toe structures that support the armour layer and prevent scouring damage, making toe failure a primary failure mode. Existing formulae for toe stability yield conflicting results, often neglecting factors like storm duration and armour layer slope. This study tested a statically stable rubble mound with a rock-armoured toe under irregular waves. The effects of wave height, wave period, armour layer slope and water height on toe stability were investigated. Toe width had no effect, while relative depth was a key factor. Increased wave height and storm duration led to greater toe damage. The results emphasise the need for a new stability number, considering wave breaker type and armour layer slope, with a critical Iribarren value of 4.1. Based on this study and the findings of another study, new formulae for estimating toe damage were developed and validated using data from other studies.

Comprehensive numerical and experimental analysis the impact of employing vortex generators on evaporative cooling process

Reduced energy usage is an important concern in vapor compression cooling systems, particularly in hot climates. These systems function poorly in hot weather and consume a lot of electricity. Evaporative condensers use the cooling impact of evaporation to facilitate the process of heat rejection and thereby increase energy efficiency. This work evaluates the impact of employing vortex generators on the performance of an evaporative condenser. The analysis is performed using a validated numerical model, a commercial CFD code. The proposed vortex generators are parallel plates with sinusoidal and zigzag patterns. Dry air enters a channel equipped with four vortex-generating plates and water spray. The incoming dry air cools due to the two-phase heat transfer during air contact with the sprayed water droplets, and the cooled air with the proper humidity level exits the channel. The investigated parameters include longitudinal nozzle position, inlet air flow rate, pitch, and the height of the vortex generator plates in two sinusoidal and zigzag modes and the obtained results are compared with the plain channel model. Greater inlet air velocity resulted in superior output temperatures and pressure drops, yet lower outlet relative humidity and water mass percentage. According to the findings, the air pressure drop and outlet dry temperature are raised by 152 % and 5 %, respectively, when the incoming air velocity is altered from 0.4 to 0.6 m. s−1 (50 % growth), and the nozzle position is moved from X = 1.35 m to X = 1.85 m (37.04 % change) from the channel entrance, while the relative humidity and water mass fraction are decreased by 19 % and 11 %, respectively. Additional research revealed that the vortex flow level is lower when the nozzle is positioned farther away from the plates, and the water spray's impact on lowering the local air temperature in vortex-flowing areas is more substantial when it is positioned closer to the plates. Furthermore, increasing wave height and pitch values of vortex generators result in a more extensive air pressure drop in the channel, and vice versa. This means that, at a fixed pitch, a higher plate wave height raises the amount of vortex flows. According to the findings, sinusoidal vortex plates have better efficiency than the zigzag ones, and in a channel equipped with water spray, the use of vortex plates before the water spray nozzles lowers the dry temperature at the outlet by about one °C compared to that of the plain channel.

Effects of gap entrance configuration on gap resonances between two free-heaving barges: Higher-order harmonics

The hydrodynamic characteristics of linear and nonlinear gap resonances between two identical side-by-side free-heaving barges are investigated in a numerical wave tank based on the constrained interpolation profile method. This study focuses on the influence of the gap entrance configuration on key hydrodynamic parameters during gap resonances, comparing conditions of round and square edges. Additionally, the effects of incident wave height and the barge's heave responses are examined. The distributions of the first four harmonic components of the key parameters are illustrated, including the wave elevation at the gap, wave run-up on each barge, and wave forces. Numerical results reveal that the gap entrance configuration influences more on the linear gap resonance rather than the nonlinear gap resonances. The higher-order components of the wave elevation at the gap are more sensitive to the incident wave height rather than the edge shape. The influences of the edge shape on the wave forces are mainly manifested in the magnitude of the wave forces rather than in their tendencies. Furthermore, the response time during the development stage of gap resonance is analyzed. The findings indicate that gap resonance develops more quickly with square edges or when the incident wave height increases.

Longshore Sediment Transport Across a Tombolo Determined by Two Adjacent Circulation Cells

AbstractLongshore sediment transport (LST) is essential for shaping sandy shorelines. Many shorelines are complex and indented, containing headlands, offshore islands and tombolos. Tombolos often form between islands and the mainland; however, the conditions for LST across tombolos are unclear. This question is important because tombolos are often reinforced with anthropogenic infrastructure, potentially causing sediment starvation of downdrift beaches. Along many shorelines, the return to a tombolo's natural condition has been proposed to promote sediment connectivity and counteract erosion. Nevertheless, the implications of such restorations remain uncertain. In this study, we employ the Delft3D wave‐current model to investigate hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics across a tombolo, examining its role as a connector between adjacent beaches. Contrary to expectations, our simulations show only diminutive longshore currents from the updrift beach across the tombolo unless offshore wave heights exceed 8 m. Instead, predominant currents crossing the tombolo originate from offshore of the island, driven by storm‐induced water level differences and circulation cells on both sides of the tombolo. The offshore island shelters the downdrift domain, resulting in higher wave energy and dissipation updrift of the tombolo. Further, increasing wave height or wave approach angle not only intensifies water level differences but also relocates circulation cells, enhancing total sediment transport from the updrift beach across the tombolo. However, in general, the deposition of sediment from the updrift side of the domain does not compensate for the sediment loss on the downdrift beach. We conclude that LST across tombolos is limited and occurs only under extreme wave conditions.

Analysis of climate change and climate variability impacts on coastal storms induced by extratropical cyclones: a case study of the August 2015 storm in central Chile

ABSTRACT The projected increase in coastal risk requires a reevaluation of coastal risk reduction strategies. A multi-model approach is proposed to examine the variability of coastal storms influenced by climate change and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). To this end, the historic coastal storm of August 8 2015, resulting from a local extratropical cyclone (ETC) off the central Chilean coast, was analyzed through the coupling of the WRF atmospheric model, Delft3D FM (D-FLOW and D-WAVE modules), and EOT20 astronomical tide model. The results show that the characteristics of local ETCs are susceptible to regional temperature gradients associated with climate change and ENSO. The coastal storm of August 8 2015, presented a decrease in wave height and counterclockwise rotation of wave direction along the Chilean coast under the climate change scenario. Meanwhile, the ENSO scenarios under cold conditions generated a ETC track’s displacement toward the north, causing both an increase in wave height along the coast of the Antofagasta and Atacama regions and a decrease in wave height in the Valparaíso, O’Higgins, and Maule regions. Findings from this study emphasize the importance of considering dynamic design for coastal structures rather than traditional methods to adapt to changing storm patterns.

Comparison between linear and quadratic power take off for a single chamber land-fixed oscillating water column (OWC)

This study examines the influence of turbine response type on the performance of a land-fixed Oscillating Water Column (OWC) under second-order Stokes waves of varying heights. Numerical modelling techniques, including the Finite Element Method, incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the Shear-Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model, and an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme, were employed to gain insights into OWC behaviour. The linear turbine consistently displayed reduced efficiency with increasing wave height, maintaining a stable peak non-dimensional wave number (kh). Conversely, the quadratic turbine exhibited peak efficiency within a narrower wave height range, strongly influenced by wave height. Non-dimensional volume flow rate, non-dimensional chamber pressure, chamber volume, and maximum force on the front wall remained unaffected by changes in wave height for the linear turbine. In contrast, the quadratic turbine was notably impacted by variations in wave height. Moreover, the quadratic turbine revealed stronger odd-numbered higher-order harmonic components in both force and pressure due to its non-linear response. Notably, both linear and quadratic response types exhibited sloshing at similar wave numbers, suggesting minimal influence of turbine response on sloshing behaviour. Finally, the derived non-dimensional turbine coefficients proved both turbines could scale OWC models with negligible scaling effects from the turbine.

Numerical study on hydrodynamic interaction between two parallel surge-released ships advancing in head regular waves based on the hybrid method

This study examines the hydrodynamic interaction between two parallel surge-released ships in head regular waves. A hybrid approach combining potential flow theory and functional-decomposition URANS is used for an efficient and accurate simulation. The methodology involves a surge-released module, 4DOF motion equations, multiple coordinate systems, and a dynamic structured grid. Two ship models are used for validation, comparing numerical and experimental results in ship motions and wave loads. The analysis shows good agreement, with differences of less than 5 % in heave and pitch motions, less than 8 % in roll motions, and less than 15 % in total resistance and sway interference forces. Present study also observes consistent trajectories of the wave system between the two ships. The influence of surge motion and wave height on wave-ship-ship interaction is investigated, emphasizing the importance of considering surge motion in seakeeping performance and longitudinal separation. The occurrence of parametric roll in Ship B is accurately resolved by the hybrid method and the parametric roll amplitude is smaller under ship-to-ship interaction conditions. Wave-induced moments play a limited role in this phenomenon, while the dominating roll restoring moment exhibits a hardening effect. Accordingly, roll motion and moments remain relatively unchanged with increasing wave height, indicating the strong nonlinear nature of parametric roll.

Modeling cross-shore profile evolution in response to climate change: A case study for the Southwestern Black Sea Coast

Changes in wave climate and sea level as a result of global climate change cause significant effects on coastal morphology. Especially increasing wave heights, more frequent storms, and sea level rise (SLR) significantly alter the morphology of cross-shore profiles and diminish the security of coastal areas. In this study, profile surveys were carried out in two distinct regions along the Western Coast of the Black Sea, and the profile evolutions were analyzed using the XBeach numerical model. The XBeach model was executed using both its default parameters and the parameters derived from on-site measurements. This study was also conducted under the influence of hydrodynamic conditions (wave parameters) that vary according to the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, along with the effects of sea level rise (SLR), to analyze the potential impacts of climate change on profile evolution. The results indicated a linear relationship between the upper beach erosion and sea-level rise (SLR). The increased water level in front of the upper beach leads to greater erosion volume. The model results for the scenarios demonstrated moderate sensitivity to variations in offshore wave height, peak wave period, and storm duration, but were predominantly sensitive to accelerated sea level rise (SLR).

Numerical investigation of rip currents near a barred beach induced by irregular waves

Rip currents pose a common natural hazard at coastal tourist beaches, presenting a significant threat to the safety of beachgoers and beach management. To better understand the characteristics of rip currents, particularly those induced by irregular waves on a barred beach, this study utilized a Boussinesq-type, phase-resolving hydrodynamic model for numerical simulations. We investigated various factors, including significant wave height, peak period, incident angle, and bottom friction, to assess their impact on rip currents formation. The results of our research reveal some key insights. Firstly, an increase in significant wave height and peak period fosters the development of rip currents. However, beyond a certain threshold, the intensity of the rip currents decreases. Conversely, a larger incident angle tends to reduce the intensity of rip currents. Additionally, higher bottom friction leads to increased energy dissipation during wave propagation, consequently resulting in decreased rip currents intensity. In an effort to create a more precise representation of real sea conditions, multi-directional waves were employed as incident waves in this study. An analysis of different standard deviations of directional distributions revealed that as the directional spread of incident waves widens, the waves become more susceptible to breaking, ultimately leading to a reduction in the intensity of rip currents.