Increase Of Ultrasonic Power Research Articles

Study on Physical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Copper Electrodeposition in Through Silicon Via

Through silicon via (TSV) connection plays a significant role in 3D packaging technology. In this paper, copper electroplating in TSVs under different ultrasonic powers was realized through an ultrasonic electroplating system. The physical properties (surface roughness, Young’s modulus and hardness) of ultrasonic-assisted copper electrodeposition in TSV were analyzed. Copper grain size inside the via was also measured and compared. Based on the analysis of experimental results, a conclusion could be reached that the increase of ultrasonic power has an effect on the physical properties of copper plating in TSV. It can effectively reduce the surface roughness of the copper plating surface. Besides, the increase of ultrasonic power can increase the values of Young’s modulus and hardness. It is also found that the decrease in copper grain size results in a tight connection between copper crystal grains. Explanations on the changes of physical properties under different ultrasonic power have been provided.

Fabrication of high-performance nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings using ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition.

Ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition was used to fabricate the nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings with high hardness, low friction coefficient, and high wear resistance. In the present study, the effects of ultrasonic power and concentration of graphene oxide on the mechanical and tribological properties of the electrodeposited nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings were systematically studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallite size of the nickel decreased with an increase of ultrasonic power (0-50 W, 40 KHz, square wave) and concentration of graphene oxide (0.1-0.4 g/L). Morphologies of the surface and cross-section of the composite coatings observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the existence of graphene oxide particles in the nickel matrix. The results from microhardness measurement demonstrated that the hardness was increased by 1.8 times using 50 W ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition with the fixed concentration of graphene oxide (0.1 g/L), compared to the pure nickel coating. The hardness was increased by 4.4 times for the 0.4 g/L graphene oxide with the optimized ultrasonic power of 50 W in comparison to the pure nickel coating. Meanwhile, the friction coefficient decreased gradually with an increase in ultrasonic power and concentration of graphene oxide, respectively, where the effect of the concentration of graphene oxide played a more important role.

Kinetic study of ultrasonic-assisted uranium adsorption by anion exchange resin

In this paper, the adsorption kinetics of uranium from the acidic leaching solution by ion exchange resin (201×8) in ultrasonic environment was studied by adsorption tests. The effect of sulphate concentration and ultrasonic wave on the adsorption results was investigated. The results show that the adsorption capacity of the resin decreases with the increase of sulphate concentration, while the introduction of ultrasonic wave can improve the adsorption capacity by more than 15%. The kinetic study reveals that the adsorption process could be well elucidated with Pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption capacity and reaction rate constant of the resin increase with the increase of ultrasonic power. Adsorption control mechanism analysis shows that the adsorption process was controlled by intra-particle diffusion and the particle diffusion coefficient increased with the increase of ultrasonic power. The particle diffusion coefficient was about twice as much as that without ultrasonic wave when the ultrasonic power reached 160 W. Thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption isotherms of uranium on the resin are well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity of the resin is stable according to the cycling tests and the structure and molecule structure of the resin remain undamaged after uranium adsorption in the ultrasonic environment as proved by FTIR and SEM analysis.

Drying process and quality characteristics of contact ultrasound reinforced heat pump drying on kiwifruit slices

Contact ultrasound reinforced heat pump drying (CUHPD) experiments of kiwifruit slices were performed to investigate the effect of ultrasound application on drying process, microstructure, and several nutrient components of kiwifruit slices. The results showed that the CUHPD of kiwifruit slices was an internal diffusion-controlled process, in which ultrasound application could improve the dehydration rate significantly, and higher ultrasonic power led to shorter drying time. Scanning electric microscopy results illustrated that the ultrasound treatment could produce more micropores and larger microchannels inside kiwifruit slices, and thus reduce the hardness and brittleness values. Both ultrasonic power and drying temperature could significantly affect the total phenolic content, VC content, and total sugar content. Contact ultrasound application in the heat pump drying (HPD) process was conducive to improve the nutrient contents at all drying temperatures. Hence, contact ultrasound application is a promising way to effectively promote the dehydration rate and to improve the product quality of HPD on kiwifruit slices. Practical applications Heat pump drying (HPD) is one of the modern drying methods and has some excellent advantages such as energy-saving and easy operation. However, it has a certain disadvantage like long drying time for those agricultural materials with great internal mass transfer resistance. In this study, the contact ultrasound reinforcing technology was applied to accelerate internal water transfer and improve the drying rate of HPD on kiwifruits. The results showed that the contact ultrasound application could produce a significant reinforcing effect on internal moisture diffusion and dehydration rate, and then reduce the drying time. The increase in ultrasonic power was conducive to improve dried kiwifruit's quality and protect nutrient components in kiwifruit slices compared with single HPD. Therefore, CUHPD is a promising drying method for kiwifruits and can even be effectively applied for other agricultural product drying.

Effect of contact ultrasonic power on moisture migration during far‐infrared radiation drying of kiwifruit

AbstractIn order to explore the effect of direct contact ultrasound (DCU) on moisture migration during far‐infrared radiation (FIR) drying of kiwifruit, the drying characteristics, microstructure, water status, and moisture change of kiwifruit slices during drying were investigated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results showed that the drying time at ultrasonic power of 54 W was 40% shorter than that without DCU application. SEM observation verified that higher ultrasonic power could produce more and larger microcapillaries in the microstructure of kiwifruit slices, which was beneficial for moisture migration. LF‐NMR detection indicated that water mobility and distribution in kiwifruits changed during drying. The relative proportion of free water in kiwifruits decreased from 70 to 0% with the prolongation drying time at different ultrasonic powers, the removal time for free water at ultrasonic power of 54 W was 57% shorter than that without DCU application during FIR drying, and higher ultrasonic power could accelerate the shifting of water in different states. MRI results illustrated that the DCU application at higher ultrasonic power could promote moisture migration and water removal during FIR drying, and then increase drying rate.Practical applicationsDrying is a commonly utilized process method in food and agricultural industry. Far‐infrared radiation (FIR) drying, as one of the modern drying methods, has desirable advantages including high‐energy efficiency and uniform heating. However, it has unsatisfied promoting effect on internal mass transfer. Ultrasound has significant positive effect on moisture diffusion and water removal. In this study, direct contact ultrasound (DCU) was applied in FIR drying of kiwifruit slices. The study verified that the DCU application in FIR drying could promote drying rate, produce loose microstructure, and shorten drying time significantly. The increase in ultrasonic power could accelerate moisture migration and mass transfer to facilitate water removal. Therefore, DCU application with higher ultrasonic power is beneficial to increasing drying rate and reducing drying time of FIR drying, and FIR drying technology combined with DCU is promising in food industry and can be developed for other food products.

Efficient bifunctional piezocatalysis of Au/BiVO4 for simultaneous removal of 4-chlorophenol and Cr(VI) in water

Piezocatalysis induced by polarization of piezoelectric materials is considered as an emerging technology in environmental cleanup. In this work, a piezoelectric material, Au nanoparticles modified BiVO4 (Au/BiVO4) is synthesized and its piezoelectric response is observed by piezo-response force microscopy. Au/BiVO4 is used as a bifunctional piezocatalyst for simultaneous removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) upon ultrasonic vibration, with 91% and 83% of removal efficiency in 120 min, respectively. The piezocatalytic performance of Au/BiVO4 increases with the increase of ultrasonic power and the decrease of pH. The main active species for 4-CP oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction are determined to beOH and H2O2, respectively, since a significant formation rate ofOH is estimated by a probe method, and a high amount of H2O2 accumulation is directly detected. This study provides understanding on the piezocatalysis mechanism and brings new insights for development of piezocatalysis for multifunctional environmental applications.

Influence of single and multiple coupling factors on the stability of paraffin-based nanofluids

Nanofluids have been introduced to improve the thermal properties of phase-change materials. However, stability problems caused by agglomeration and deposition have greatly restricted the use of nanofluids. In this work, paraffin-based nanofluids were prepared under the dual coordination of magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation, the influence of ultrasonic power and time, base fluid volume, particle concentration and type on fluid stability was studied by single factor method, and the influence degree of the above four factors on fluid stability was studied by fractional factor design method. The following conclusions were drawn from the experiment: (1) With the increase of ultrasonic power, the relative absorbance increases within the allowable range of the experimental instrument, and the maximum improvement is 3.06%.(2) The optimal ultrasonic time for nanofluids preparation is 2 h. (3) The sample volume under the optimal state is 45 ml. (4) With the increase in concentration, the absorbance per concentration decreases, and the reduction range becomes slow. (5) The stability of the nanofluid is also related to the characteristics of the particle surface. (6) The coupling effect of ultrasonic power - concentration (PC) has the most significant effect on the overall absorbance change. This study provides a clear improvement direction and basis for the preparation of highly stable nanofluids.

Optimization of Energy Consumption of the Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Sludge Disintegration

Anaerobic digestion is a widely used method to treat sludge, while its application was limited by its ineffective hydrolysis rate. Ultrasonic pretreatment could enhance the hydrolysis rate of sludge, while the development of ultrasonic had been restricted by the high energy consumption, it was necessary to optimize the energy consumption. Disintegration degree was analysed by the particle size, SCOD increase, soluble proteins and carbohydrates of the sludge before the after the ultrasonic pretreatment, the relationship between the specific energy input and the disintegration degree was discussed. The results showed that after ultrasonic disintegration, the concentration of SCOD, soluble protein and carbohydrate increased with the increase of ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power. High power ultrasonic could effectively disintegrate sludge in a short disintegration time, while low power ultrasonic needed a long time to disintegrate sludge. And under the same specific energy consumption conditions, the combination of lower power density and longer ultrasonic time could obtain better disintegration degree than the combination of higher power density and shorter time. It was confirmed that the energy utilization efficiency of the lower power density and the longer time combination was higher.

Evaluation of an enhanced ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel synthesized using safflower oil in a diesel power generator

Given the energy crisis, fossil fuel reserves crisis, climate mitigation, and energy efficiency increase, scientists have embarked on producing alternative fuels such as the biodiesel. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of biodiesel production from safflower oil using the ultrasonic system, and to evaluate the produced fuel using a diesel power generator. In this study, the effects of alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, ultrasound power (W), catalyst concentration (w/w %), and the reaction time (min) on methyl ester yield were investigated. By increasing the molar ratio to a point between the ratios 4:1 and 6:1, the conversion rate first increases 11.42%, and then it remains unchanged from the point 6 to 8. As the ultrasonic power increases, the rate of conversion increases incrementally. The optimization was obtained at 7.02 molar ratio, 160 W ultrasound power, 0.95 (w/w%) catalyst concentration, and 8.47 min reaction time. The results showed that the brake torque and broke power increased when the amount of biodiesel in fuel increased from B0 to B50. The results showed that CO emissions decreased and NOx increased when there was an increase of amount of biodiesel.

Effect of low-frequency ultrasonic field at different power on the dynamics of a single bubble near a rigid wall.

Various bubble dynamics near the boundary in an acoustic field play a significantly important role in destructive erosion which has been associated with applications in industry cleaning, chemical engineering and biomedicine. But the effect mechanism of the high pressure on the boundary induce by single acoustic cavitation bubble has not been fully elucidated, which is vital for further application. The objective of this paper is to investigate the behaviors of a gas bubble near a rigid wall in a low frequency ultrasonic field. The temporal evolution of the bubble was recorded by means of synchronous high-speed recordings. Meanwhile, the time of bubble collapse, velocity of the bubble margin and the characteristics of the liquid jet were analyzed. In addition, the bubble dynamics were simulated based on potential flow theory coupled with the boundary integral method (BIM). Results are presented for a single bubble generated near the rigid wall with the normalized standoff distance γ = 1.85 under a wide range of ultrasonic power. The results show that the dynamics of the bubble can be divided into four phases: oscillation, movement, collapse and rebound. And when the applied ultrasonic power increases, the time of bubble collapse has a clear trend to decrease and the maximum velocity of the bubble margin increases apparently. Furthermore, the bubble behaviors after its first collapse, such as the number and the velocity of the effective jets, also vary evidently as the increase of the ultrasonic power. These results about bubble dynamics in ultrasonic field may be significant to determine or correct the main mechanisms of acoustic cavitation.

Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on particle size and surface topography of lignite and its relationship to flotation response

ABSTRACT The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of different ultrasonic powers and treatment times on particle size and surface topography of low ash fine lignite (<0.125 mm) combined with flotation, wet-screening, surface roughness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and induction time tests. Flotation results show the concentrate yield gradually decreased with the increase of ultrasonic power and treatment time except 18 W. The wet-screening results indicate that increasing ultrasonic power and treatment time had more significant crushing effect on lignite particles and produced more fine particles (<0.045 mm), which was harmful for the improvement flotation performance of lignite. SEM results show that crack was gradually expanded into a gap as well as some new cracks and cavities on the surface of lignite are produced with the increase of ultrasonic power. The generation of these gaps, new cracks, and cavities increases the roughness of lignite surface. The higher the ultrasonic power is, the rougher the lignite surface becomes, which promotes its surface to entrap more water during the flotation process resulting in a formation of thick hydration shell. The induction time increased as ultrasonic power and treatment time increased except 18 W. Hence, there will be a negative impact on lignite flotation if the lignite particles are treated by higher ultrasonic power for longer. The findings of this paper may provide some guidance to understand the effects of ultrasound on surface topography of lignite and makebetter use of ultrasound to assist coal flotation.

Influence of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Physiochemical Properties and Feature Structure of Pea Starch in Acid and Salt Systems

This study explores the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the physiochemical properties of pea starch (PS), such as gelatinization, rheology, and texture, and on its feature structure in acid and salt systems. Results show that ultrasonic treatment reduced the viscosity and improved the thermal and cold stability of PS in both acid and salt systems, which is reflected through peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown value, and setback value. Rheological dynamical analysis reveals that the consistency coefficient (k) considerably decreases, fluid index (n) gradually increases, and thixotropy and viscoelasticity degrades in the two systems after ultrasonic treatment. The hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess of PS gel all reduce, and their reduction amplitudes enlarge as the ultrasonic power increases. The damage caused by ultrasonic treatment to PS is mainly manifested by glucosidic bond rupture, reduction in the degree of crystallinity, and pits and pot holes formed on the surface of the PS particles. These structural changes are supported by Fourier transform (FT) infrared, FT‐Raman, and scanning electron microscopy detection results. Ultrasonic treatment exerts a significant influence in the acid system with aggravated change degrees of the functional properties of PS. The salt system weakens the destructive effects on PS while strengthening the gel.

Preparation of copper-based catalysts by ultrasonic co-impregnation to catalyze the hydrogenation of sec-butyl acetate

Four different impregnation methods, namely ultrasonic co-impregnation, ultrasonic stepwise impregnation, co-impregnation and stepwise impregnation, were used to prepare Cu/B/Ca/Al2O3 catalyst. The effects of ultrasonic-assisted impregnation on the physicochemical properties, morphology and hydrogenation performance of sec-butyl acetate were investigated, and the difference between ultrasonic co-impregnation and ultrasonic stepwise impregnation was further explored. The catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscope and N2 physical adsorption-desorption. The results indicate that ultrasonic-assisted treatment can reduce the agglomeration of copper particles, and that the active components are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the catalyst, expanding the specific surface area and, thus, increasing the conversion of sec-butyl acetate from 79.6% to 99.8%, and the selectivity of sec-butanol from 63.5% to 70.2%. In addition, the reaction pressure is reduced from 8 MPa to 5 MPa compared to the conventional impregnation.Ultrasonic co-impregnation is more advantageous than ultrasonic stepwise impregnation, since it can shorten the catalyst preparation cycle, avoid loss of B2O3 and CaO components during the secondary impregnation, expand the effective contact area between Ca and Cu species, increase the electron transfer rate from Ca to Cu, avoid the increase of Cu+/Cu and finally ensure the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst. The catalyst has the highest reactivity at an ultrasonic power of 80 W and within the duration of 0.75h. However, continued increase in ultrasonic power and time leads to catalyst deactivation. A long term test for catalyst stability which lasted for 200h had been run at 226 °C, 5 MPa H2, space velocity = 0.5h−1.

Effect of ultrasonic power on porosity, microstructure, mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy joint by ultrasonic assisted laser-MIG hybrid welding

Ultrasonic assisted laser-MIG (melt inert-gas) hybrid welding is carried out in order to overcome the problems of high porosity, coarse crystal grains and poor mechanical properties of aluminum alloy welded joint. Continuous ultrasonic vibration of 0–200 W is applied during the laser-MIG hybrid welding. The effects of ultrasonic power on porosity, microstructures and mechanical properties of the weld are investigated. Experimental results indicate that with the increase of ultrasonic power, the porosity of the weld decreases first and then increases, and the joint microstructure is obviously refined. At the same time, ultrasonic vibration can increase the strength of the welded joint, which leads to the higher tensile strength of the joint and homogenizing the distribution of microhardness in the weld zone (WZ). Furthermore, the WZ strength increases with increasing ultrasonic power, which results in the transformation of tensile fracture position from the WZ to the heat affected zone (HAZ).

Dielectric properties of carrots affected by ultrasound treatment in water and oil medium simulated systems

The ultrasound treatment of vegetables can damage their tissue structure and release water and soluble solids altering the dielectric properties of the material. Changes in the dielectric properties will influence the microwave processing of ultrasound pretreated material. In order to investigate the effect of ultrasound pretreatment on dielectric properties, carrots were ultrasonicated in simulated water and oil systems. Microwave heating and microwave-assisted vacuum frying of carrot slices were also completed to explore the relation between dielectric properties of microwave pretreated samples and microwave absorption.Ultrasound of carrots in water simulated system showed that ε′ and ε″ of carrots tended to decrease with the increase of ultrasonic power (from 480 W to 640 W) and time (from 10 min to 30 min). Ultrasound treatment of carrots in salt solutions increased ε′ and ε″ of carrots. The combined pretreatment of microwave blanching with ultrasound in salt solutions increased ε″ (from 19.72 to 29.90). Conversely, in oil simulated system, the ε′ and ε″ of carrots also decreased as the ultrasonication power and time increased. Besides, the dielectric properties decreased as the temperature of oil medium increased from 35 °C to 75 °C. With improved dielectric properties, the dehydration rate during frying of carrot increased due to the enhanced microwave absorption. Therefore, the combined pretreatment of microwave blanching with ultrasound in salt solutions largely improved the dielectric properties of carrots, and reducing the required time of microwave vacuum frying.

Study on removing calcium carbonate plug from near wellbore by high-power ultrasonic treatment.

In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic wave on the removal of inorganic scaling and plugging in cores and the influence of the key wave field parameters, process parameters and core physical parameters on the plugging removal efficiency are systematically studied. The main dynamic mechanism of ultrasonic plugging removal is also systematically analyzed. Results show that the transducer frequency, transducer power, ultrasonic treatment time and initial permeability of core have great influence on the effect of ultrasonic scale removal. When the cumulative treatment time of ultrasonic wave exceeds 60 min, the recovery rate of core permeability tends to be stable. Best effect can be achieved when processing for 80-120 min cumulatively; the plugging removal effect is improved with the increase of ultrasonic transducer power and ultrasonic frequency, but the effect of plugging removal is not obvious with the further increasing of them. In addition, it is proved that the effect of removing calcium carbonate plug from near wellbore by hydrochloric acid solution is slightly better than that by ultrasonic treatment alone. Finally, the micro dynamic mechanism of removing inorganic scale plug by high-power ultrasonic treatment is discussed in view of ultrasonic inorganic scale body crushing, ultrasonic cavitation, ultrasonic friction, ultrasonic peristaltic transport operation and ultrasonic fracture-making and permeability-increasing effect.

An experimental study on surface roughness and frictional property of ultrasonic-vibration-assisted milled surface

Ultrasonic-vibration-assisted milling is a variant of conventional milling process. In this study, experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of process parameters on the average surface roughness of machined surface (of Al6063 alloy). The results were evaluated to understand the effect of process parameters and are explained using the physics of the process. The effect of ultrasonic amplitude on frictional and wettability property of machined bottom surface was also evaluated. With the increase in power of ultrasonic vibration, the surface roughness increased; however, the friction of lubricated machined surface decreased while sliding on a mild steel surface. With the increase in ultrasonic power, the wettability of the surface increased resulting in a better lubrication and consequent reduction of friction.

Drying characteristics, microstructure, glass transition temperature, and quality of ultrasound‐strengthened hot air drying on pear slices

In order to explore the reinforcement effect of contact ultrasound on hot air drying (HAD), the effects of different ultrasonic powers and drying temperatures on drying characteristics and quality of pear slices were studied. The results showed that the increase in ultrasonic power and drying temperature could significantly shorten drying time. The drying process of pear was internal diffusion control, and ultrasound application could reduce internal diffusion resistance as well as improve dehydration rates. SEM results illustrated that ultrasound’s cavitation and mechanical effects could produce more microchannels and dilate intercellular spaces in pear slices. DSC results revealed that ultrasound application during drying could improve water mobility and then reduce glass transition temperature. Both drying temperature and ultrasonic power had significant effects on total phenolic, total flavonoids, VC, and rehydration ratio, and contact ultrasound application in HAD was beneficial to increasing the nutrient component contents. Practical applications Hot air drying (HAD) is a traditional and frequently used drying method. Yet it has the defects of low thermal efficiency, lengthy time, and unacceptable product quality. Nowadays, the application of contact ultrasound strengthening technology has drawn great attention in drying enhancement. When contact ultrasound is applied in HAD of pear, ultrasonic energy is directly transmitted into materials without passing through any medium, so as to enhance the utilization and enhancement effect of the ultrasound. The ultrasound application could enlarge and even produce more microchannels in pear slices, which could accelerate moisture migration. Contact ultrasound application in drying process was beneficial to improving the drying rate as well as increasing nutrient components. Therefore, contact ultrasound-strengthened HAD technology is promising and could be applied for drying agricultural products.

Study on the Process of Degradation of Phenolic Compounds in Water by Slot Ultrasonic

The test results show that the degradation rate of phenol decreases with the increase of ultrasonic power. The effect of degradation increases by studying the effects of the power of the ultrasonic, the initial concentration of the phenol sample solution, and the pH of the phenol sample solution. The degradation rate of phenol increases first and then decreases with the increase of initial concentration, and the degradation rate of phenol is up to 31.86%. The ultrasonic degradation technology can provide reference for the application of industrial wastewater treatment.

Mechanism of ultrasonic treatment under nickel salt solution and its effect on electroless nickel plating of carbon fibers

The carbon fibers were ultrasonically treated under nickel chloride solution, and nickel ions were attached to the surface of the carbon fibers, which replaces the nitric acid oxidation method used in the original electroless nickel plating. Electroless nickel plating was performed on the surface of the carbon fibers using a palladium-free technique successfully. Nickel-plated carbon fibers with a higher weight gain ratio than the original method was obtained. XPS was used to study the functional group changes on the surface of carbon fibers and the chemical valence of nickel element. The mechanism of ultrasonic treatment on the surface of carbon fibers was analyzed, and the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the weight gain rate of nickel-plated carbon fibers was discussed. The results show that the ultrasonic treatment under nickel chloride solution can significantly increase the content of polar functional groups on the surface of carbon fibers and can promote the bonding of the carboxyl group on the surface of the carbon fibers with the hydrated nickel ion to form CFCOONi. The formation of CFCOONi enhances the bonding strength between the nano-nickel particles and the carbon fibers, thereby increasing the bonding strength between the plating layer and the substrate. The concentration of nickel chloride solution and ultrasonic power during ultrasonic treatment has a great influence on the weight gain rate of carbon fibers after electroless plating. When the concentration is greater than 10 g/L, the higher the concentration, the smaller the weight gain rate. When the treatment concentration is less than 10 g/L, the concentration has little effect on the weight gain rate. The optimum treatment concentration obtained in the experiment was 7 g/L. As the ultrasonic power increases, the weight gain rate increases first and then decreases, and the optimal ultrasonic power is 80 W. Ultrasonic time does not have a large effect on the weight gain rate, but the too low ultrasonic time will cause a slight decrease in the weight gain rate.