Increase In Mineral Content Research Articles

Research on acoustic emission characteristics of metagabbros with different felsic development under splitting load

The acoustic emission (AE) characteristic signal can reveal the mechanical properties of rock materials and the development characteristics of internal microcracks. Rocks with different mineral development characteristics produce different AE signals during fracture. This study selected variable metagabbros with varying feldspathic development for AE tests under splitting load. The results demonstrated that the characteristics of AE ringing counts during the Brazilian fracture of metagabbro were closely correlated with the content of felsic minerals. The cumulative AE ringing count of metagabbros with feldspar nondevelopment exceeded 250 000, while those of metagabbros with feldspar development did not reach 200 000. As the feldspathic mineral content increases, the AE ringing counts of metagabbro exhibit an increasing trend in the high-energy (1e6–+∞ aJ) and high-amplitude (90–100 dB) intervals. With the development of feldspar minerals, the fracture mode of metagabbro gradually changed from shear failure to tensile failure. The higher the development of felsic minerals, the higher the stress level corresponding to the maximum fractal dimension, the greater the energy released by rock failure, and the more severe the damage. This study is of great significance for revealing the mechanism of rock rupture.

A new method for reducing impurities in clay minerals

The processing of clay minerals consists, among other steps, in the removal of isolated mineral impurities, that is, not associated to crystalline structure of clay minerals, such as fractions of quartz and feldspars, originating from the process of soil formation. Thus, this work evaluated a sustainable method to reduction of isolated mineral impurities, in 4 in natura soil samples from Maranhão/Brazil, containing clay minerals. The method consisted of dispersing the samples only in water under high rotation and separating the impurities by sieving and decanting. The water and clay fraction were recovered from a manufactured solar evaporator and the clay fraction analyzed: X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a reduction in the intensities of mineral impurities, largely quartz, and a significant increase in the intensity corresponding to clay minerals; X-ray fluorescence (XRF) demonstrated a decrease in the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, indicating quartz removal; Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) indicated removal of organic material; thermal analysis (TG/DTG) revealed an increase in the percentage of structural water loss, suggesting an increase in clay mineral content, and adsorption/desorption isotherms of N2 demonstrated an increase in the surface areas and adsorption capacity of the benefited samples. The process yields obtained demonstrated compatibility with the particle size of the samples, with more expressive results for the more clayey ones. Thus, the investigated method, low cost and sustainable, proved to be viable and effective in obtaining clay minerals with reduced presence of isolated impurities, promoting considerable improvements in their properties, and favoring various technological applications, such as adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, synthesis of mesoporous materials, among others.

Characterization of radon gas transmission rate in pore structures of different rock layers by radon daughters inversion calculation

Determining the transmission rate of radon gas in overburden strata is crucial for conducting a comprehensive study of radon gas's longitudinal and long-distance migration mechanisms. This study investigates the mineral components of rocks in the underground strata of the mining area using the X-ray diffraction method. Additionally, it examines the pore structure parameters of the rocks at different depths using the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method. This research introduces an approach to inversion calculate the radon gas transmission rate through the activity ratio of radon's characteristic daughters based on the decay law and activity balance of 210Po and 210Pb daughters. In addition, it determines the transmission rates of radon gas in overlying strata at various depths through this method. The relationship between the rock's mineral composition and pore structure is investigated, and the effects of pore structure and mineral composition on the radon gas transmission rate are analyzed. The findings indicated that the pore structure exerts a dual impact on radon gas transport: macropores serve as channels for upward radon gas transport, while micropores offer most of the adsorption area. In contrast, the radon gas transmission rate is indirectly influenced by the mineral composition content associated with the medium's adsorption capacity and pore structure. In the studied lithologies, an increase in quartz content promotes radon gas transmission, while an increase in clay mineral content impedes it. Finally, the mechanisms of radon gas transport, daughter adsorption, and the impacts of rock pore structure and mineral composition on the radon transmission rate are discussed.

Nutritional potential of the Brazilian Cerrado: greek yogurt with cashew jelly enriched with pequi almond

Innovation in the food industry is essential to meet the growing demand for healthy products. Utilizing natural resources, the fruits of the Brazilian Cerrado, particularly pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) and cashew (Anacardium occidentale), stand out. This study aimed to develop Greek yogurt with the addition of cashew jelly and different concentrations of almond extracted from pequi, to characterize the physicochemical composition, and to calculate the nutritional value of the final product. Three formulations were developed: the standard with 0% (FP) almonds, the one with 8.33% (FI), and the one with 16.66% (FII) of pequi almonds. The physicochemical parameters showed the highest average values for the FII formulation in lipid content with 6.2±0.0%; dry extract at 33.42±0.46%; and ash at 1.08±0.08%. Regarding nutritional value, total fats ranged from 2.7 to 5.8%, with the highest content for FII, while saturated fats decreased with the addition of almonds. For macronutrients and micronutrients, there was an increase in mineral content: magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron in Greek yogurt. Compared to the standard formulation (FP), the FII formulation stood out for its enhanced nutritional value. This research demonstrates the potential use of Cerrado fruits in products to enrich them. It is concluded that the incorporation of pequi almond in products like Greek yogurt not only improves the nutritional value but also contributes to the use of agro-industrial waste, adding commercial value, and meeting consumer demand by offering more complete food options.

Effect of reservoir composition and structure on spontaneous imbibition: a case study of Shahejie Formation shale in Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

Spontaneous imbibition has a certain impact on the oil and gas recovery of shale reservoirs. However, the current research on the influence of mineral composition and pore structure on spontaneous imbibition is not sufficiently comprehensive and lacks quantitative evaluation. Therefore, this study employed experimental methods combining X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury intrusion, nuclear magnetic resonance, and spontaneous imbibition to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the influence of mineral composition, content, and pore structure characteristics on spontaneous imbibition. The results indicate that the relationship between quartz, calcite, and clay minerals and the imbibition slope exhibits a two-stage distribution (with critical values of 25%, 40%, and 20%, respectively). With the increase in mineral content, the imbibition slope first increases and then decreases. Additionally, pore structure parameters such as average pore throat radius, sorting coefficient, and structural coefficient show a positive correlation with the imbibition slope. Furthermore, small pores contribute significantly during the early imbibition stage, while medium to large pores serve as the main flow channels during the diffusion stage. This study quantitatively evaluates the relationship between fluids and minerals, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the complex interaction between fluids and minerals.

Valorization of Pumpkin Flour in Cookie Formulations: Effects on Nutritional Composition and Mineral Content

Pumpkin is a highly nutritious food that offers protective benefits against various health conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, constipation, appendicitis, hemorrhoids, and colon cancer. This study aimed to examine the proximate composition of pumpkin-wheat cookies. An experimental research approach was employed to produce pumpkin powder, incorporate it into cookie production, and analyze its nutritional constituents. The results revealed that as the proportion of pumpkin flour in the composite flour increased, there was a corresponding increase in moisture, ash, fat, protein, and fiber content. Additionally, the study demonstrated an increase in mineral content with higher amounts of pumpkin. The iron and manganese levels ranged from 244.1mg/kg to 312.1mg/kg and 74.52mg/kg to 88.17mg/kg, respectively. Calcium and potassium contents also ranged from 0.24% to 0.40% and 0.39% to 0.57%, respectively. The beta-carotene content of the samples varied between 0.18mg/kg to 0.57mg/kg, while the folic acid content ranged from 13.7ug/g to 144.95ug/g.

Gluten-free crackers using chickpea and pumpkin seed press cake blend: Effects of gastrointestinal digestion

The use of a blend of chickpea and pumpkin seed press cake flours in the production of gluten-free crackers represents a promising strategy to address nutritional gaps and meet the growing demand for healthier gluten-free options. To test this assumption, an in vitro digestion method was employed to assess changes in total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, protein composition, electrophoretic patterns, and mineral content of gluten-free crackers formulated using these raw materials before and after digestion. The crackers were produced substituting 20% and 35% of chickpea flour by using two types of pumpkin seed press cake flour, one from virgin oil pressing (VFC) and the other from cold-pressed oil pressing (CFC). This approach aimed to assess how the treatment history of the pumpkin seed press cake flour affected the tested parameters. All samples displayed a 3- to 4-fold increase in total phenolic content after in vitro digestion. A noticeable enhancement in antioxidant activity is observed, where CFC samples showed higher values compared to VFC samples. The control sample and 35CFC sample present similar protein digestibility values (%), 76.97 and 77.05 respectively, while other crackers showed significantly lower digestibility. Incorporation of pumpkin seed press cake flours leads to a substantial increase in mineral content, notably zinc (up to 2-fold), iron (up to 40%), and magnesium (up to 2.5 fold). Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the utilization of pumpkin seed press cake as a potential source of bioactive compounds, emphasizing its significance beyond its traditional role as a by-product.

Revitalising Dentin Surfaces: Unlocking Periodontal Regeneration Potential through Cutting-edge Citric Acid Techniques

Introduction: Teeth affected by periodontitis exhibit an increased mineral content and endotoxins. They do not harmonise with the neighbouring periodontal cells, whose growth is essential for periodontal regeneration. This scanning electron microscope (SEM) study evaluated and compared the in vitro effects of different citric acid application techniques on naturally preserved dentin slabs. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two dentinal slabs were prepared for experimentation, with one group undergoing various treatments and a control group left untreated. The citric acid solution, with a pH of 1.0, was meticulously prepared and used in four different application methods on the experimental group. The dentin slabs were prepared for SEM evaluation, which assessed parameters such as exposed dentinal tubules, the surface area occupied by tubule orifices, the demineralised zone’s width and the exposed tubules’ morphological characteristics. Results: The data present the mean number of exposed dentinal tubules for different application techniques and the width of the demineralised zone. While the f-test did not show significant differences in the width of the demineralised zone, the number of exposed dentinal tubules varied significantly. Immersion treatment resulted in the highest number of open tubules, followed by cotton pellet placement and brushing. Conclusions: The study suggests that in periodontal regenerative procedures, passive citric acid application may be more effective than vigorous methods like burnishing for exposing inter-tubular fibrils and dentinal openings.

An Appraisal of Nonmicrobial Biostimulants' Impact on the Productivity and Mineral Content of Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) Cultivated under Organic Conditions.

Modern agriculture urgently requires viable alternatives to synthetic chemical substances, such as pesticides and fertilizers, to comply with new and stringent international regulations and meet the growing demands of consumers who prefer chemical-free food. Consequently, organic agriculture has garnered increasing interest over time. To compensate for yield reduction resulting from opting out of the use mineral fertilizers, research has focused on the use of biostimulants to sustain the productivity of horticultural crops. To this end, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effects of three nonmicrobial biostimulants (a plant extract, vegetable protein hydrolysate, and a seaweed extract) and an untreated control on the production and mineral content of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) cultivated under organic conditions and harvested three times during the growth cycle. In general, the nitrate content, which defines the commercial quality of wild rocket, was not influenced by the application of biostimulants. At each harvest, the application of biostimulants resulted in improved production performance, although this was not always accompanied by an increase in mineral content. Specifically, the best results were obtained with the use of plant-derived protein hydrolysate and plant extract, which led to an improvement in total yield of 32.1% and 27.2%, respectively compared to that of control plants. These results reconfirm that biostimulants represent a valid and indispensable tool for organic growers.

Production of low-CO2 ternary binder using red sandstone, cement, and granulated blast furnace slag: A comprehensive performance analysis

Red sandstone is rich in reserves, and using it as a mineral admixture to partially replace cement can save cement consumption and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This study uses spectral characterization, electron microscopy image analysis, mechanical property testing and other methods to study the fluidity, compressive strength, heat of hydration, carbonation degree, microstructure and thermal damage of composite cement-based materials containing red sandstone and slag. The experiment results showed that in ternary mixed cement, the composite cement mixed with 5% slag and 10% red sandstone shows similar flow properties to cement paste. Moreover, as the mineral content (red sandstone and slag) increases, the dissolution peak of the Al phase appears earlier, and the degree of carbonation increases. Furthermore, the CO2 emissions per unit strength gradually decrease. After 28 days of curing, thermal damage experiments demonstrated that the strength of the sample increases by more than 3.6% when the mineral content is greater than 15% at 200℃. Samples were subjected to 600 °C and 900 °C, and the strength of the red sandstone sample with a content of 15% decreased significantly. Moreover, as the temperature increases to (600 °C and 900 °C), the lattice of CnS becomes more and more ordered.

Growth and body composition of infants born moderate-to-late preterm fed a protein- and mineral-enriched postdischarge formula compared with a standard term formula until 6 months corrected age, a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundInfants born moderate-to-late preterm (i.e., 32 wk–35 wk 6 d gestation) are, analogous to those born very preterm, at risk of later obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Appropriate early life nutrition is key for ensuring optimal growth and body composition, thereby mitigating potential cardiometabolic risks. ObjectivesWe aimed to compare growth and body composition between infants born moderate-to-late preterm fed isocaloric but protein- and mineral-enriched postdischarge formula (PDF) or standard term formula (STF) until 6 mo corrected age (CA; i.e., after term equivalent age [TEA]). MethodsAfter enrollment (≤7 d postpartum), infants received PDF if (fortified) mother’s own milk (MOM) was insufficient. At TEA, those receiving >25% of intake as formula were randomized to either continue the same PDF (n = 47) or switch to STF (n = 50); those receiving ≥75% of intake as MOM (n = 60) served as references. At TEA and 6 mo CA, we assessed anthropometry and body composition using both dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP). ResultsFeeding groups had similar gestational age (median [25th percentile;75th percentile]: 34.3 [33.5; 35.1] wk), birthweight (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 2175 ± 412 g), anthropometry, and body composition at TEA. At 6 mo CA, infants fed PDF had slightly, but significantly, greater length (67.6 ± 2.5 and 66.9 ± 2.6 cm, P < 0.05) and larger head circumference (43.9 ± 1.3 and 43.4 ± 1.5 cm, P < 0.05) compared to infants fed STF. Also, infants fed PDF had higher lean mass (LM) and bone mineral content estimated by DXA (4772 ± 675 and 4502 ± 741 g; 140 ± 20 and 131 ± 23 g, respectively; P < 0.05). ADP estimates, however, were not statistically different between feeding groups. ConclusionsInfants born moderate-to-late preterm demonstrated modest increases in length, head circumference, LM, and bone mineral content when fed PDF compared to STF for 6 mo after TEA.This trial was registered at the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform as NTR5117 and NTR NL4979.

Formulation and Quality Evaluation of Chicken Nuggets Supplemented with Beef and Chicken Livers.

This study explores the potential of utilizing meat byproducts, specifically chicken and beef liver, to enhance the nutritional value of processed foods like chicken nuggets. Proximate analysis was conducted on the livers, including moisture, ash, fat, and protein content, and degradation potential was observed. Antioxidant potential was analyzed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The total phenolic content (TPC), oxidative stability through peroxide value (POV), and free fatty acid (FFA) were performed to evaluate quality changes during seven-day storage. The radical scavenging activity showed that beef liver has excellent antioxidant capacity (61.55%- and 195.89-mM gallic acid equivalent for DPPH and TPC, respectively) compared to chicken liver and significantly increased the antioxidant potential of nuggets by 5%-10%. POV and FFA values increased with increased storage days for the liver and its incorporation in nuggets. However, the values remained under the 10 meq/kg threshold. Incorporating the livers into chicken nuggets led to a significant (p=0.000) improvement in nutritional content, particularly a 1.5%-2% increase in protein, with a similar increase in mineral content. Texture and sensory evaluations indicated favorable consumer acceptability for liver-enriched nuggets. Overall, this research shows the value of adding liver as a functional ingredient to enhance the nutritional profile of processed foods.

Nutritional quality of bakery products enriched with alternative flours

This study assesses the nutritional quality of bakery products with the addition of alternative flours, derived from unconventional cereals or legumes, which have the potential to enrich products with essential nutrients. The growing demand for more nutritious bakery products has driven the search for alternatives to traditional wheat flours. However, including these flours can affect the taste, texture, and physicochemical characteristics of the final products, making it crucial to understand the impact of these substitutions on the nutritional quality of bakery products. The main objective is to evaluate the influence of incorporating alternative flours on the nutritional composition of the products. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using renowned scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The selection of articles prioritized recent studies (last five years) and controlled experiments that evaluated the nutritional quality of bakery products enriched with alternative flours. The results indicated that the inclusion of alternative flours, such as amaranth and quinoa, resulted in a significant increase in protein, fiber, and mineral content in bakery products. There was also a diversification in the profiles of essential amino acids, contributing to the improvement of the protein quality of the final products. However, variations in sensory and textural characteristics were observed, suggesting the need for adjustments in formulations to optimize consumer acceptance. These findings offer valuable insights for the formulation of more nutritious and functional bakery products, promoting healthier and balanced eating.

Evaluation of toothpastes for treating root carious lesions – a laboratory-based pilot study

BackgroundRoot caries is preventable and can be arrested at any stage of disease development. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mineral exchange and fluorapatite formation within artificial root carious lesions (ARCLs) using different toothpastes containing 5,000 ppm F, 1,450 ppm F or bioactive glass (BG) with 540 ppm F.Materials and methodsThe crowns of each extracted sound tooth were removed. The remaining roots were divided into four parts (n = 12). Each sample was randomly allocated into one of four groups: Group 1 (Deionised water); Group 2 (BG with 540 ppm F); Group 3 (1,450 ppm F) and Group 4 (5,000 ppm F). ARCLs were developed using demineralisation solution (pH 4.8). The samples were then pH-cycled in 13 days using demineralisation solution (6 h) and remineralisation solution (pH 7) (16 h). Standard tooth brushing was carried out twice a day with the assigned toothpaste. X-ray Microtomography (XMT) was performed for each sample at baseline, following ARCL formation and after 13-day pH-cycling. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and 19F Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (19F-MAS-NMR) were also performed.ResultsXMT results showed that the highest mineral content increase (mean ± SD) was Group 4 (0.09 ± 0.05), whilst the mineral content decreased in Group 1 (-0.08 ± 0.06) after 13-day pH-cycling, however there was evidence of mineral loss within the subsurface for Groups 1, 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). SEM scans showed that mineral contents within the surface of dentine tubules were high in comparison to the subsurface in all toothpaste groups. There was evidence of dentine tubules being either partially or completely occluded in toothpaste groups. 19F-MAS-NMR showed peaks between − 103 and − 104ppm corresponding to fluorapatite formation in Groups 3 and 4.ConclusionWithin the limitation of this laboratory-based study, all toothpastes were potentially effective to increase the mineral density of artificial root caries on the surface, however there was evidence of mineral loss within the subsurface for Groups 1, 3 and 4.

The effect of different doses of multi-nutrient fertilisers on macro-element content in two spring triticale cultivars

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2017–2019 at Borki-Wyrki, Zbuczyn Gmina (commune). Three experimental factors were examined in the trial: factor one was spring triticale cultivar (Milewo, Dublet), factor two was mineral fertiliser type (Polifoska 6, Polifoska Krzem) and factor three was mineral fertiliser rate (0, 140, 280 and 420 kg ha–1). Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium contents in grain varied in study years as affected by weather patterns. The highest phosphorus, magnesium and sodium contents were determined in the grain of spring triticale cv. Dublet whereas the highest potassium and calcium contents in cv. Milewo grain. The applied fertiliser rates increased mineral contents, excluding magnesium and sodium, in the grain of test cultivars. Chemical composition analysis of grain of the spring triticale cultivars demonstrated that there was no significant effect of fertiliser type on grain quality.

Polysacharide of Agaricusblazei gel mitigates bone necrosis in model of the jaws related to bisphosphonate via Wnt signaling

To investigate de effect of PAb gel on the bone tissue of rats submitted to Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). Initially, 54 animals were submitted to BRONJ model by Zoledronic Acid (ZA) (0.1 mg/kg 3x/wk for 9 wk, ip), followed by the 1st upper left molar extraction at the 8th wk. After tooth removal, the animals were divided into 3 groups, ZA that received placebo gel or PAb gel that received 1% PAb gel, inside the dental alveolus. The control Group (CONTROL) received 0.1 mg/kg of 0.9% saline and then placebo gel. Three weeks after tooth extraction, the animals were euthanized, and maxillae were colleted for macroscopic, radiographic, histological and Raman spectomery assays. Additionally, GSK3b, beta-catenin, and Runx2 mRNA expressions were determined. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels. PAb gel improved mucosal healing, increased the number of viable osteocytes, while it reduced the number of empty lacunae, as well as the amount of bone sequestration. Furthermore, PAb gel positively influenced the number and functionality of osteoblasts by stimulating Wnt signaling, thereby inducing bone remodeling. Additionally, PAb gel contributed to improved bone quality, as evidenced by an increase in bone mineral content, a decrease in bone solubility, and an enhancement in the quality of collagen, particularly type I collagen. PAb gel mitigated bone necrosis by stimulating of bone remodeling through Wnt signaling and concurrently improved bone quality. PAb gel emerges as a promising pharmacological tool for aiding in BRONJ therapy or potentially preventing the development of BRONJ.

Germination, Physiochemical, and Morphology Changes of TR10 Rice Seeds Irradiated to Filtered and Unfiltered Neutron

In 2020, Sabah’s rice production was 117, 846 metric tonnes with a planted area of 40, 446 ha is relatively low compared to other states such as Selangor, which has 36,004 ha less planted area but can produce up to 159,535 metric tonnes more than Sabah. Low rice production in Sabah has contributed to the shortage of supply. Thus, new varieties could be needed that sufficiently produce yields that comparable to the efforts and cost of rice planting. One of the methods is producing new varieties that probably produce high yields using physical mutagen. From the literature available, gamma and neutrons were found to be the most common agents to increase rice production per unit planting area but used they were used separately. Theoretically, using fast neutron irradiation was found to produce a superior mutant. Thus, this paper aims to study the effect of rice seeds irradiated to both gamma and neutron simultaneous, and compare with neutron alone on the germination rates and physiochemical of rice seeds after the irradiations at different dosages. TR10 rice seeds were irradiated simultaneously to gamma and neutrons in the nuclear reactor core using Pneumatic Transfer System–PTS facility, while irradiation to neutrons alone was performed in a neutron chamber using Beam ports–BP facility at Nuclear Malaysia. The germination study shows a linear decrease as the irradiation doses increase in BP and fail to germinate in PTS. Yet, seeds irradiated in PTS showed no hazardous compounds and a remarkable increase in mineral content in seeds, particularly potassium and magnesium at 14 Gy. Similarly, to the shape of the starch granules in both facilities, the starch structure changes after being exposed to 14 Gy in PTS and 35 Gy in BP. As a result, seeds exposed to neutron alone induced considerably more inclusive effects and may raise growth performance and improve rice quality with optimal neutron dosage range from 7 to 14 Gy.

Targeting the Role of PRME in Regulating Bone Remodelling During Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

Kariavattom Campus Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is an old age disorder associated with estrogen deficiency, which reduces bone mass and makes bones more prone to fracture. The present study was proposed to evaluate the invivo osteogenic efficiency of Pterospermum rubiginosum methanolic bark extract (PRME) in the PMO model. Molecular docking studies on transcription factor NFATC1 showed excellent interactions with phytochemical ligands with the lowest binding energies. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=24) were divided into four groups, (n=6 each) sham control (Group I) and osteoporotic control (Group II) groups treated with saline, PRME (50 mg/kg/day) and alendronate (10 mg/kg/day) treated with Group III and Group IV (n=6) respectively. The serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and cathepsin-K also exhibited a significant rise after PRME treatment 12.33±2.30 mU/ml and 427.68±46.97 pg/ml, respectively. DEXA results exhibited a remarkable increase in total bone mineral content and density values in PRME-treated animals (0.175±0.002 g/cm2) and (7.95±0.23 g) when compared to osteoporotic control (0.163±0.004 g/cm2) and (6.83±0.34 g). Long-term toxicity study revealed that PRME is non-toxic, up to 100 mg/kg bodyweight for 6 months. Our findings suggest PRME protects osteoporotic SD rats from PMO damage resulting from estrogen deficiency by regulating bone remodelling markers and upregulating BMD indices.

Treatment Strategies for Incisors of Children Affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Narrative Review

Today, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), which affects approximately one in seven children, is defined as a hypomineralized developmental enamel defect that often impacts at least one permanent first molar and frequently affects permanent incisors as well. Symptoms and signs include demarcated opacities of various colors, post-eruptive enamel deterioration, atypical caries and restorations, hypersensitivity, tooth loss due to MIH, and difficulty in achieving anesthesia. A detailed review of the scientific literature shows that there are many studies evaluating different treatment approaches for permanent first molars affected by MIH. On the other hand, there are very few scientific studies evaluating treatment approaches for affected incisors in patients with MIH. Most of these studies consist of case reports or series. White/creamy and/or yellow/brown demarcated opacities are commonly observed in affected incisors in patients with MIH. While these opacities increase the susceptibility of enamel to deterioration and dental caries, they also cause aesthetic problems and related psychosocial consequences. Treatment methods, such as resin infiltration, microabrasion, and/or dental bleaching, have been proposed for aesthetic and restorative purposes in affected incisors in patients with MIH. Additionally, various approaches to increase mineral content and relieve hypersensitivity have been recommended. The number of randomized controlled and prospective studies is quite low, but many case reports and case series have been encountered. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the different treatment management modalities for permanent incisors affected by MIH. As a result, while resin infiltration, dental bleaching, microabrasion, and/or etch–bleach–seal techniques are preferred for aesthetic and restorative purposes in these teeth, it has been observed that agents containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate, fluoride, and calcium glycerophosphate increase the mineral content. Additionally, studies have reported that ozone and low-level laser therapy, in addition to these remineralizing agents, reduce hypersensitivity in these teeth. Although the findings of this review indicate that the level of evidence for current approaches is not high, clinicians may prefer one or more of the treatment approaches mentioned in this article based on experience and patient expectations.

Ripening stage impacts nutritional components, antiglycemic potential, digestibility and antioxidant properties of grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) fruit

This study aimed to determine the nutritional components (macronutrients ans minerals) and α-amylase inhibition capacity of freeze-dried grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam) seeds (S) and pulp/peel (P) portions, at ripe and mid-ripe stages. In vitro digestion was also performed on S and P from grumixama to assess the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compound (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and anthocyanins (TAC), as well as to examine their impact on antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP). The ripening process impacts the bioactive compounds and individual phenolics of S and P portions. The ripe S was source of myricetin and exhibited higher antioxidant activity, while mid-ripe S was high in flavonoids and cinnamic acid with higher antiglycemic potential. Ripe P showed higher soluble fiber, carbohydrate, TAC, and caffeic acid content, whereas mid-ripe P had increased mineral content (calcium, potassium, manganese), catechin, and TPC. After in vitro digestion, the P portion showed a bioaccessibility of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) exceeding 40% at intestinal phase. In contrast, the S portions had better release of TPC and TFC and antioxidant activity at gastric phase. Considering the outstanding nutritional and biological properties of grumixama fruit, freeze-dried S and P portions from both ripening stages possess could be explored as valuable sources of nutrients and antioxidant compounds.