Increase Of Belt Speed Research Articles

Investigating the Influence of the Belt IR Dryer Regime Parameters on Kinetics of Carrot Drying Process

Introduction. In the process of convective drying, there is a contradiction between drying speed and energy efficiency. One of the solutions to this contradiction is the use of targeted energy supply to the product. The method of targeted energy supply is the use of electromagnetic radiation in the drying process. Aim of the Article. The study was aimed at obtaining the coefficients of a logarithmic model for calculating the performance of a belt IR dryer for drying carrots. Materials and Methods. There were studied a modular belt IR dryer with the ability to control the speed of the belt and the power of the emitters. To describe the process, there were used standard models of the dependence of relative water content on drying time. Results. An analysis of the drying rate curves showed an extreme effect of the belt speed on the drying rate. At belt speeds above 10 mm/s, an increase in belt speed leads to an increase in the duration of the drying process. To describe the kinetics of the drying process at IR powers of 170, 300, and 450 W, there was used a logarithmic model, as it most adequately describes the experimental data. Discussion and Conclusion. For this type of dryers it is recommended to use the belt speed of about 10 mm/sec. The obtained coefficients of the logarithmic model are used to calculate the capacity of the drying unit.

Experimental research on vibration and noise of rail conveyor

Rail Conveyor is a highly energy-efficient and cost-effective bulk material transportation system, which merges the benefits of both belt conveyor technology and railway. Reducing vibration and noise is a key problem in the design of rail conveyor system, which has great social and economic significance for the realization of green environmental protection and sustainable development of bulk materials transportation. This article describes the field experimental test of vibration and noise. The vibration acceleration of rail conveyor was tested under different belt speed and different carriage spacing and different wheel materials of support carriage, and the noise of rail conveyor was tested under different belt speed and different test distance. Experimental results and analysis show that: With the increase of belt speed, the vibration and noise of wheel and rail of rail conveyor increase greatly, and the wheel rail vibration and noise decrease with the increase of the distance between the support carriages, and the wheel material has a great influence on the vibration.

DEM–FEM Coupling Simulation of the Transfer Chute Wear with the Dynamic Calibration DEM Parameters

Transfer chutes for bulk material conveying systems have significant importance in ship loading and unloading and are ‘worn’ from large mass flow and fast granular material flow conditions. In this investigation, the impact forces of different granular materials on the transfer chute wear process are considered; the DEM–FEM (Discrete Element Method–Finite Element Method) coupling method was used to calculate the wear and the deformation of the transfer chute. The stress–strain and cumulative contact energy from three different granular materials were analyzed under different working conditions. The results show that the wear, stress–strain, and cumulative contact energy of the transfer chute are closely related to the belt speed, the chute inclination angle, and the types of granular materials; the impact force and the stress–strain on the transfer chute achieves maximum value under a 4 m/s belt speed condition; meanwhile, with the increase of belt speed by 0.5 m/s, the wear of the transfer chute increases 25% and the deformation increases 20%; the shape variable, wear area, and normal cumulative contact capacity of the transfer chute are the smallest with a transfer chute inclination angle from 40° to 45°.

Lift enhancement technique using roller belt arrangement for moving surface over a composite wing structure considering fluid-material interaction

The lift generation in a wing of primary importance to the flying vehicle the airfoil geometry plays a vital role in the magnitude of lift and drag forces. The enhancement of lift can be achieved using different active and passive techniques. Effect of fluid material interaction plays a major role in the boundary layer separation. The active control using the roller belt mechanism is investigated using NACA 662-015 airfoil wing configuration. The moving belt surface fixed to the top surface of the wing is used designed to operate in the various free stream velocities of 5, 10, and 15 m/s. The variation of lift characteristics for different angles of attack has experimented with the increase in belt speed, it is observed that the 10% increase in the effective lift in comparison with wing configuration without moving surface.

Discrete element analysis of particles flow in convex arc section of large corrugated sidewall belt conveyor

Convex arcs plays a key role in a large corrugated sidewall belt conveyor, which determines the large-capacity, high belt speed can smooth transportation, do not throw material. In order to study the convex arc section of corrugated sidewall belt conveyor conveying the material properties of the particle stream dynamics and logistics particle effects on the conveyor belt to the discrete element theory, by using a nonlinear Hertz Mindlin model built with corrugated sidewall belt conveyor discrete element model machine. The movement of materials with different speed is simulated; The average pressure and the maximum pressure of the base belt and the transverse plate of the corrugated sidewall conveyor belt under different conveyor belt speed were tested, and the average conveyor belt speed of rolling friction coefficient under three different particles were tested; Uniform acceleration of movement of the material flow when turning. Simulation results show that: With the increase of belt speed, the average pressure of corrugated sidewall conveyor increases nonlinearly, and gradually increases with the increase of velocity. The average velocity of the particle unit has nothing to do with the rolling friction coefficient.

Effects of tooth profile and belt speed on cogged V-belt vibration and stress

With the aim of reducing the vibration and maximum stress of a cogged V-belt and determining the appropriate cogged V-belt for the vertical disc stump grinder (RG25HD), this paper analyses the relationship between, on the one hand, the horizontal displacement of the vibration and node stress and, on the other, the tooth profile and belt speed. In addition, the pattern of the vibration and node stress of the cogged V-belt is investigated using various tooth profiles and belt speeds. Our approach uses a rigid/flexible coupling simulation of belt power transmission based on a finite element flexible body method and employs Recurdyn multi-body dynamics software. After the simulation, we obtain the stress distribution of the belt, the lateral displacement curve and the node stress curve. Our results indicate that cog shape affects belt stress and vibration. When selecting or designing a cogged V-belt, a belt with trapezoidal cogs is preferable. Regarding the effect of belt speed, the trapezoidal cogged V-belt’s lateral vibrating displacement and maximal stress increase with an increase in belt speed. Therefore, when the stump grinder is in operation, its revolving speed should be maintained at a low rate to reduce vibration and prolong the belt’s life.

Treadmill Performance of Mice with Cerebellar Lesions:: 2. Lurcher Mutant Mice

The sensorimotor skills of a spontaneous mouse mutant with cerebellar cortical atrophy, Lurcher, were examined on either a fast or a slow treadmill inclined at one of three slopes, requiring forward movements in order to avoid footshocks. During the early part of acquisition, Lurcher mutants had lower latencies before falling on either treadmill than normal mice, but not during a retention test. For both Lurcher mutants and controls, the amount of time spent walking as a function of time spent on the belt increased with an increase in belt speed. Lurcher mutants had higher walking time/total time ratios on the slow but not on the fast treadmill. It is concluded that cerebellar cortical degeneration impaired the time course of acquisition but not long-term retention of the treadmill task.

Leg muscle activation during gait in Parkinson's disease: adaptation and interlimb coordination

Adaptation in leg muscle activity and coordination between lower limbs were studied during walking on a treadmill with split belts in one group of parkinsonian patients and one of age-matched healthy subjects. Four different belt speeds (0.25/0.5/0.75/1.0 m/sec) were applied in selected combinations to the left and right leg. While these walking conditions were easily tolerated by the healthy subjects, the parkinsonian patients usually reached the limits of their walking capabilities. Both groups adapted automatically to a change in belt speed within approximately 20 stride cycles. Healthy subjects adapted by reorganizing their stride cycle with a relative shortening of duration of support and lengthening of the swing phase of the “fast” leg and vice versa on the “slow” leg. The patients showed a restricted range of stride frequencies for the. various belt speeds during normal and split-belt walking with consequent deviations in the reorganization of the stride cycle. In both healthy subjects and patients, ipsilateral gastrocnemius and contralateral tibialis anterior electromyographic (EMG) activity increased predominantly with an ipsilateral increase in belt speed. Two main differences were observed in the EMG patterns: (1) In the patients leg muscle EMG activity was less modulated and gastrocnemius EMG amplitude was small during normal and split-belt walking. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in respect to the reorganization of the EMG pattern required for the various split-belt walking conditions. (2) The amount of co-activation of antagonistic leg muscles during the support phase of the stride cycle was greater in the patients compared to the healthy subjects during normal and split-belt walking. It is suggested that reduced EMG modulation and recruitment in the leg extensors may contribute to the impaired walking of the patients. This in turn is a result of an irepaired proprioceptive feedback from extensor load receptors. This defective control is partially compensated for in parkinsonian patients by a greater amount of leg flexor activation which leads to a higher degree of co-activation. Visual input plays a role in the control of this increased activation.

ENERGY COST OF EXERCISE IN PIGS

The energy cost of exercise of four pigs (two gilts and two barrows) was determined at liveweights of 30–40 and 60–70 kg using an open circuit respiratory system for measuring oxygen consumption during exercise on a treadmill. Animals were exercised at treadmill belt slopes of +4°, 0° and −4° with the treadmill operated at speeds of 1 and 2 km/h (lighter weight) and 2 and 3 km/h (heavier weight). Increase over resting in energy expenditure during exercise was greater, and less, respectively, at +4° and −4° than at 0°. There were significant differences between animals in both resting energy expenditure levels and in the increment of energy expenditure associated with exercise. Within each liveweight range, the apparent cost of horizontal locomotion increased slightly with an increase in belt speed. The overall estimate of 0.64 cal/hor. kg m is similar to values reported for other species. Cost of vertical work (cal/vert. kg m) was significantly lower at 1 km/h than at 2 km/h at the 30- to 40-kg liveweight range. There was no significant effect of speed on the energy cost of vertical work at 60–70 kg. The overall estimate for the cost of vertical work was 5.27 cal/vert, kg m, which represents an efficiency of 44.4%.