Increased Milk Production Research Articles

Double trouble: Implications and management of twinning in lactating dairy cows

Over the past 4 decades, twinning increased concurrently with milk production in dairy cattle, but recently appears to have plateaued, likely from the adoption of hormonal synchroniza­tion protocols. Approximately 95% of Holstein twins are dizy­gotic, making double ovulations the primary mechanism for twinning. Decreased progesterone (P4) concentrations dur­ing preovulatory follicle growth increases double ovulations. Increased hepatic catabolism of P4 because of increased feed intake associated with increased milk production provides a physiological mechanism for decreased P4 concentrations and increased double ovulations. Cows with unilateral twins have more pregnancy losses than cows with bilateral twins which were similar to cows with singletons. Selective embryo reduction followed by P4 treatment did not increase the risk of pregnancy loss for cows with unilateral twins, but increased the risk of loss for cows with bilateral twins. Twinning will likely increase concurrently with milk production over time but can be decreased using 2 approaches: 1) submitting cows to hormonal synchronization protocols that increase P4 dur­ing growth of the preovulatory follicle before timed AI; and 2) identifying twins by laterality and allowing cows with bilateral twins to continue through gestation with extra assistance at calving, while selective reduction can be attempted for cows with unilateral twins.

Assessment of Goat Milking Training Using Method and Method Demonstration Extension Teaching Methods among Rural Women in Kwara State, Nigeria

Milk, a good source of protein, is inadequate in supply and not affordable for the majority of the rural communities of Nigeria. To increase milk production from available animal resources, extension services have included goat milking training using video and method demonstration in their service delivery packages. This study, therefore, assessed goat milking training using video and method demonstration among rural women in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study assessed the knowledge level of the respondents (rural women who reared goats in their households) on goat milking and the perception of the respondents on goat milking training. An Interview guide was used to collect data after training. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal Wallis H test. The findings of the study were that: 58.3% of the respondents had high knowledge of goat milking; women who had a positive perception towards goat milking training conceded that the training is simple and arouse the interest of other women (WMS=2.83); perceived benefits of goat milking training were; readily available milk (( =2.64); and the video extension teaching method at two exposures was most effective, followed by method demonstration at two exposures (χ2 =83291; Pvalue ≤ 0.001). The study concluded that the video extension teaching method at two exposures is most effective and recommended its use in disseminating innovation.

Effects of treatment with propylene glycol and cyanocobalamin on disease, milk production and reproductive outcomes of dairy cows diagnosed with hyperketonemia and hypoglycemia

Almost all periparturient dairy cows experience a period of negative energy balance, and despite improvements to fresh cow management, some dairy cows still experience clinical dis­ease associated with the periparturient period (Duffield et al., 2009; Taylor et al., 2004). Hyperketonemia (HK) remains an im­portant production and animal welfare concern (McArt et al., 2012; Tatone, Duffield, Capel, et al., 2016; Tatone, Duffield, LeB­lanc, et al., 2016), and recently several handheld meters which measure beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) have been validated in dairy cows and can be used to detect pre-clinical HK (Bach et al., 2016; Tatone et al., 2015). Several studies have explored the screening of post-parturient cows to detect HK and adminis­ter treatment in order to ward off clinical disease and increase milk production (Capel et al., 2021; Gordon et al., 2017; McArt et al., 2012). However, these studies have been inconsistent in their findings, and treatment may not be economically beneficial for farms with a relatively low incidence of HK (McArt et al., 2014). A 2017 study indicated that cows may have variable production responses to HK treatment based on blood glucose concentra­tion (Gordon et al., 2017). Because blood glucose can also be mea­sured cow-side, measurement of blood glucose concurrent with measurement of blood BHBA may be a means to target treatment to cows that will respond to current treatments. Therefore, our objective was to explore the effects of treatment with propylene glycol and cyanocobalamin in early post-partum cows based on both HK and glycemic status. We hypothesized that improve­ments to health, milk production, and reproduction would be greatest among cows that were hypoglycemic.

Productive response of dual-purpose cows supplemented with chelate minerals and calcium salts

Objective: To evaluate milk production, body condition and ethological behavior of grazing cows supplemented with chelated minerals and calcium salts, in dry tropical conditions. Design/methodology/approach: Two treatments were evaluated, T1 = Base feeding (grazing + 4 kg of concentrated feed cow-1 day-1 (CF); T2 = CF + 300 g cow-1 day-1 of nucleus (chelated minerals + calcium salts) (N). Milk production data were evaluated during 32 days in four periods of seven days, the body condition at the beginning, 15 and 30 days after the evaluation, and the ethological behavior of the cows. Results: In cows supplemented with nucelus, milk production increased 19.9% (P ≤ 0.05); body condition improved 0.5 units, there was no difference in grazing time (P>0.05) and rumination time was longer (P ≤ 0.05). Limitations on study/implications: The response to reproductive variables was not assessed in this study/reproductive activity is likely to improve in response to improved body condition. Findings/conclusions: By supplementing dual-purpose cows in the first third of lactation with chelated minerals and calcium salts, milk production increases, and body condition and rumination time improve.

Effects of feeding pomegranate seed pulp and coconut meal by-products on milk yield, milk quality, and metabolic responses of Awassi ewes and pre-weaning growth.

Feeding by-products, such as pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) and coconut meal (COC), to livestock may enhance production efficiency and increase profits. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PSP and COC on milk production, body weight change, metabolic response (Exp. 1), digestibility, and N balance (Exp. 2). Twenty-four ewes nursing single lambs were randomly assigned to one of three diets: Control (CON) (n = 8), 7.5% PSP (n = 8), and 7.5% COC (n = 8) of dry matter (DM). Every sheep was born 3-4 days before the start of the experiment. The 1st week of the experiment was devoted to diet adaptation, while the data were collected during the following 8 weeks (Exp. 1). Nine lambs were randomly assigned to one of the three diets for intensive data collection to evaluate the diet digestibility and animal nitrogen (N) balance (Exp. 2). The data were analyzed using the MIXED SAS procedures. The PSP group consumed more DM, followed by the COC and CON groups. For lambs, the final BW, total gain, and average daily gain in the PSP group were greater (p < 0.05) than those in the COC and CON groups. The CON group had lower milk output, total solids, protein, fat, and lactose levels than the PSP and COC groups (p < 0.05). The cost of milk production was lower (p < 0.05) in the PSP and COC diet groups than in the CON group. Blood serum parameters were similar among the dietary groups, except for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein, which were higher in the COC group than in the CON group. No differences were observed in nutrient digestibility and N balance. Feeding PSP and COC to nursing ewes appears beneficial because it increases milk production and pre-weaning lamb growth and reduces milk production cost.

Serological and epidemiological investigation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bovines in Pakistan.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 2,181 more than two-year-old animals (1,242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures. The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin+ELISA test. It varied from 0.71% to 13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis. This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests.

Physiological DNA damage promotes functional endoreplication of mammary gland alveolar cells during lactation

Lactation insufficiency affects many women worldwide. During lactation, a large portion of mammary gland alveolar cells become polyploid, but how these cells balance the hyperproliferation occurring during normal alveologenesis with terminal differentiation required for lactation is unknown. Here, we show that DNA damage accumulates due to replication stress during pregnancy, activating the DNA damage response. Modulation of DNA damage levels in vivo by intraductal injections of nucleosides or DNA damaging agents reveals that the degree of DNA damage accumulated during pregnancy governs endoreplication and milk production. We identify a mechanism involving early mitotic arrest through CDK1 inactivation, resulting in a heterogeneous alveolar population with regards to ploidy and nuclei number. The inactivation of CDK1 is mediated by the DNA damage response kinase WEE1 with homozygous loss of Wee1 resulting in decreased endoreplication, alveologenesis and milk production. Thus, we propose that the DNA damage response to replication stress couples proliferation and endoreplication during mammary gland alveologenesis. Our study sheds light on mechanisms governing lactogenesis and identifies non-hormonal means for increasing milk production.

Состояние отечественной отрасли козоводства на современном этапе развития России

The article analyzes the state of the goat breeding industry in Russia from 2007 to 2022. Based on official data from the Federal State Statistics Service and data from the All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding, presented in the public domain, an assessment of the state of the goat breeding industry in Russia was carried out and the main trends and patterns were identified. As part of the study, it was revealed that goat breeding in Russia is mainly concentrated in small forms of farming and currently there are no prospects for scalability, while the number of goats is decreasing annually. The leader among federal districts in terms of livestock is the Siberian Federal District, and among the subjects of the Federation the undisputed leader is the Republic of Tyva. Dairy goat farming ranks third in the world in milk production, behind cows and buffaloes. In Russia, there is a clear trend towards increasing milk production. The leader in goat milk production is the Leningrad region. The analysis of modern domestic goat breeding made it possible to formulate the main problems that impede the effective development of the industry in the country and outline possible ways to solve them.

NATURAL GALACTAGOGUES IN NIGERIA AND THE US: MECHANISMS, EFFICACY, AND SAFETY

Natural galactagogues are substances that are believed to promote lactation by increasing milk production in breastfeeding mothers. This review examines the use, scientific evidence, and regulatory status of natural galactagogues in Nigeria and the US, focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, and safety. In both Nigeria and the US, various natural substances have been traditionally used to support lactation. These substances include herbs such as fenugreek, blessed thistle, and fennel seed, as well as foods like oats and barley. While these substances have been used for centuries and are believed to have lactogenic properties, scientific evidence supporting their efficacy is limited. In Nigeria, traditional healers and herbalists often prescribe natural galactagogues to breastfeeding mothers to enhance milk production. These practices are deeply rooted in cultural beliefs and are often passed down through generations. However, the scientific evidence supporting the use of these substances is scarce, and their safety and efficacy remain uncertain. In the US, natural galactagogues are also commonly used by breastfeeding mothers seeking to increase milk supply. While some studies have suggested that certain herbs and foods may have lactogenic effects, the overall evidence is inconclusive. Additionally, the regulatory status of natural galactagogues in the US varies, with some substances being classified as dietary supplements and others as foods. Overall, the use of natural galactagogues in Nigeria and the US reflects a cultural and historical belief in their efficacy. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of these substances. Regulatory agencies in both countries should also continue to monitor the use of natural galactagogues and provide guidance to ensure their safe and appropriate use by breastfeeding mothers.&#x0D; Keywords: Natural, Galactagogues, Mechanism, Efficacy, Safety.

Maternal Viewing of Infants in Intensive Care Increases Milk Production and Maternal Bonding

Objective:The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of mothers watching a video of their infant on human milk and maternal bonding.Methods:A nonrandomized controlled trial in a city hospital was conducted with 27 infants and their mothers. The Information Form, Breastfeeding Assessment Form, and Mother to Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) were used as data collection tools.Results:It was determined that the amount of human milk of the participants in the experimental group increased on the third day compared to the control group. On the third day, the MIBS scores of the experimental group were found to be significantly lower than the control group.Conclusions:It was concluded that watching the video of the infant increased the amount of milk and mother bonding.

Comparison of Vegetables and Nuts in Increasing Milk Production in Breastfeeding Moms and Increasing Baby Weight

Objective: To determine the effect of sweet potato leaves on the smooth production of breast milk and increase in baby weight at the Klari Health Center UPTD in 2023. Method: Quasy Experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample was 56 breastfeeding mothers 4 days after giving birth whose breast milk production was not smooth using a convenience sampling technique. Bivariate analysis uses paired simple t test. Results: The results of univariate research on the smoothness of breast milk production before consuming sweet potato leaves (pretest) were mostly substandard at 57.1% with an average of 5.16. After consuming sweet potato leaves (posttest), most of them were 69.6% smooth with an average smooth breast milk production of 6.63. Most babies' weight before consuming sweet potato leaves (pretest) did not increase by 73.2%, afterward most of it increased by 60.7%. The results of bivariate research on the smoothness of breast milk production obtained a p value = 0.000 and an increase in the baby's weight obtained a p value = 0.000. Theoritical framework: Non-smooth breast milk production can hinder the process of exclusive breastfeeding due to the mother's desire to take steps to stop breastfeeding and replace it with formula milk. There are many ways that can be done to facilitate breast milk, including through non-pharmacological measures such as consuming sweet potato leaves which can be consumed freshly or made into clear vegetables. Conclusions and Suggestions: There is an effect of sweet potato leaves on the smooth production of breast milk and increasing the baby's weight. Nursing mothers are expected to consume sweet potato leaves regularly during breastfeeding in order to increase breast milk production so that breast milk production runs smoothly and the mother's baby gets exclusive breast milk.

Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Kacang Hijau Terhadap Produksi ASI Pada Ibu Menyusui

Objective: Abstract Breast milk (mother's milk) is the only natural food for babies. Insufficient breast milk or low breast milk production is one of the problems in postpartum mothers. So, sometimes, mothers replace their breast milk with formula milk. Mothers with low breast milk production can overcome this problem by consuming green beans because the nutritional content of green beans is relatively high and the consistency is perfect. This study aims to determine the effect of green bean juice on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. Methods: This research uses a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study consisted of mothers breastfeeding babies 0-6 months. The sample that will be involved in this research is 16 people, using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test Results: The results of the study showed an increase in breast milk production as seen from the average frequency of breastfeeding before being given green bean juice, which was 7.06, and after being given green bean juice, it was 10.63. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon statistical test, it was found that the p-value was 0.000 &lt; 0.05, which means there was a difference in breast milk production before and after giving green bean juice to breastfeeding mothers. Conclusion: Pada The conclusion in this study is that giving green bean juice affects breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. It is hoped that breastfeeding mothers will maintain their nutritional intake, one of which is by consuming green beans, which can be processed into green bean juice, porridge, or green bean juice regularly to increase breast milk production so that later, the baby can grow and develop well.

East Meets West: Effect of Acupuncture on Lactation and Maternal Quality of Life.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of acupuncture as part of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment plan on lactation and maternal well-being in pump-dependent mothers of hospitalized neonates during the first 30 days after delivery. Study Design: This single-center study was conducted in a level IV regional neonatal intensive care unit with access to integrative health services. Sixty-six mothers were prospectively enrolled in two nonparallel groups: (1) Standard lactation support and (2) standard lactation support augmented with acupuncture. Daily pump volumes were documented. Participants completed a quality-of-life (QOL) survey at baseline and neonatal day of life 30. A linear model was constructed, adjusting for increased milk production over time. Results: Acupuncture was associated with increased milk production at all time points: Day 10 (p = 0.0002), day 14 (p < 0.0001), day 21 (p < 0.0001), and day 30 (p < 0.0001). Acupuncture was associated with an increase in three of five QOL components: psychological/child's health (p = 0.0006), family/friend relationship (p = 0.0006), and health/functioning (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Mothers receiving acupuncture reported enhanced milk supply and improved QOL. The limited sample size restricts the broad applicability of the results; nonetheless, this study paves the way for further research on the advantages of merging Eastern and Western treatments to enhance human lactation.

The variability in cow’s recovery potential regarding the milk recording season

The purpose of the study was to investigate how different milk recording seasons affected the prevalence of mastitis and the potential for cows to recover from it. After conducting logical data validation, a total of 3,953,637 test-day records of Holstein cows obtained during the milk recording period from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2022, were used. The findings revealed that mastitis was most prevalent in the autumn season, and during this period, there was a lower total increase in milk production. On the other hand, the prevalence of healthy cows was maximum in summer and winter, while the winter season showed the highest overall increase in milk production. These results suggest that the prevalence of mastitis and the potential for recovery in cows are significantly influenced by the season, and the values may vary considerably. During the winter season, which is characterized by lower temperatures and humidity levels, the animals have the maximum likelihood of recuperation and regaining their production capacity in a manner that is consistent with their genetic potential.

Dietary concentrate supplementation increases milk production and reduces predicted greenhouse gas emission intensity in pasture-based commercial dairy farms

Controlled studies have extensively documented that concentrate supplements typically increase enteric CH4 emissions and milk yield and reduce emissions per unit of milk produced and dry matter intake. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the effect of concentrate on predicted greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms representing the Australian pasture-based farming system. Thus, this study sought to determine how dietary concentrate supplementation affects enteric and manure CH4, and N2O of Australian pasture-based dairy farms. The Australian Dairy Carbon Calculator was used, which incorporates emission factors and methodologies used in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory as reported to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Primary data were collected and analyzed from 120 commercial farms in Australia's major dairy regions. Then the farms were divided into 4 groups based on their dietary concentrate supplementation: ≤1 (low; 15 farms), 1 to 2 (moderate; 35 farms), 2 to 3 (high; 35 farms), and ≥3 (very high; 35 farms) t of concentrate dry matter (tDM) per cow per year. Sources of greenhouse gas emissions were CO2 from concentrate production, enteric CH4, and manure CH4 and N2O. Total dry matter intake, milk yield, and daily enteric CH4 production (g/d) quadratically increased with concentrate level, whereas greenhouse gas emission intensity of milk production (kg of CO2 equivalent per kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk) decreased by 14% for farms supplementing with ≥3 tDM/cow per year compared with those supplementing with ≤1 tDM/cow per year of dietary concentrate. The N2O and CH4 emissions from manure increased quadratically and linearly, respectively, with the increasing supplementation of concentrate. Farms supplementing 2 to 3 tDM/cow per year showed substantial increases in gross income, gross margin, earnings before interest and tax, and net income ($/cow per year) compared with those supplementing of ≤1, 1 to 2, and ≥3 tDM/cow per year. Overall, increasing dietary concentrate supplementation for dairy cows resulted in increased milk production per cow, reduced greenhouse gas emissions per unit of milk produced, and increased income and profit. However, a comprehensive life cycle assessment study is needed to account for carbon sequestration by other farm components, such as pastures and trees, which were not considered in the present study. In addition, the present study was based on modeling and did not gather ground truth information for DMI, digestibility, crude protein, and urinary and fecal N excretion. Therefore, data should be interpreted with caution, and studies gathering such information are encouraged.

Ways to increase milk productivity of Red Gorbatov breed

Ways to increase milk productivity of Red Gorbatov breed

The effectiveness of moringa leaf jelly on mother's prolactin level and baby's outcome

The failure of exclusive breastfeeding and the increased use of milk formulas is one of the results of a shortage of breast milk production. Moringa leaf contains phytosterol to increase milk production. Fortification of moringa leaf with jelly will increase the nutritional value of moringa leaf so that the prolactin increases and the production and quality of breast milk get better for babies. This study aimed to determine the effect of moringa leaf jelly on increasing milk production (prolactin, breast milk volume), and the outcome for the baby. Quasi-experimental research using pre-postest with control group design. The study respondents were taken with a purposive sampling technique of 58 people. Outcome indicators for babies are seen from the baby’s weight, the baby's urination frequency, the baby's defecation, and the baby's sleep duration. There was a significant effect on the increase in prolactin score by 23.3%, breast milk volume by 47%, and outcome babies by 3.3% in respondents given moringa leaf jelly. Meanwhile, respondents who were not given Moringa leaf jelly had a risk of decreasing prolactin levels 10.5 times, breast milk supply was 3.8 times lower and the outcomes for babies were 15 than those given Moringa leaf jelly. The moringa leaf jelly significantly effects increasing milk production and outcomes for babies compared to standard interventions.

Detailing the chemical composition of roasted soybeans and the effect for its use in the diet of dairy cows

Roasted soybeans are a complete source of indigestible protein in the rumen, have high sanitary and hygienic indicators, are devoid of non-nutritional substances of ordinary raw soybeans. The SoyPass and RaPass technology provides all the advantages of roasting soybeans and creates prerequisites for prolonged storage of beans for up to two years without prior drying. The introduction of full-fat flattened soybeans roasted by the Roast-A-Matic roaster into the diet of dairy cows leads to an increase in their milk productivity. Certified results of chemical research show that after frying, the percentage of crude protein significantly increased (by 2.92 points, P &lt; 0.05) and the content of total digestible nutrients (by 8.1 %, P &lt; 0.05), urease activity decreased to 0.06 ± 0.007 units of pH. The biological value of soy protein after frying corresponds to the indicators of the reference protein. Two groups of cows were involved in the study: № 1 – high-yielding cows with a daily milk yield of 30.69–35.96 L (n = 307) and № 2 – medium- and low-yielding cows with a yield of 19.05–28.88 L (n = 377). Group № 1 was given 300 g of roasted soybeans (111 g of protein) daily in their diet instead of 250 g of a high-protein supplement (200 g of protein); group No. 2 – gradually replaced 230 g of the supplement (184 g of protein) and 1500 g of 51 % meal (765 g of protein) with 1700 g of roasted soybeans (629 g of protein). In both groups, the 65-day observation period should be divided into 2 periods: 1) a 30-day period of intensive growth with a rapid increase in milk yield (up to +24.2–25.0 %); 2) the period of stabilization (from the 31st to the 65th day), characterized by some fluctuations in the % increase in milk, but in general by reliable maximum values (up to +25.0–36.7 %). The maximum daily volume in group № 1 reached 41.83 ± 1.04 and 41.83 ± 0.3 L (Р &lt; 0.01) on the 32nd and 38th days, respectively. At the same time, the range of the indicators of the individual yield in the group ranged from 10.7 to 11.7 L. Similar indicators for group № 2 were: 32.56 ± 2.74 L (Р &lt; 0.025) on the 58th day and 10.4–23.8 L. So, in the first 30 days of feeding full-fat fried soybeans, there is a rapid but unstable (with fluctuating peaks) increase in milk productivity of cows. During the 2nd month of soy consumption, the maximum milk yield is reached, when the increase in added milk is not rapid, but stable. Thus, it is advisable to introduce 1.5–2.0 kg/day of roasted soybeans (equivalent to 0.3–0.4 kg of fat/day) into the diet of dairy cows.

The use of soybeans in the structure of the ration of high-yielding cows

In the conditions of intensive milk production in order to ensure high productivity and at the same time preserve the general functional state of animal health it is impossible to do without the use of protein-rich grain components in the structure of compound feed. These include soybeans, which in the western region of Ukraine began to be widely used in the production of compound feed for cattle. The percentage of introduction of soybeans into the structure of compound feed is different and for high-yielding cows requires additional study, which explains the relevance of conducting research on its influence on milk productivity, quality indicators of milk against the background of assimilation of the main nutrients of feed. The study was conducted on four groups of Simmental cows, seven heads in each. The rations of experimental cows provided for three levels of provision of protein needs at the expense of soybeans and were balanced in terms of basic nutrients in compliance with the requirements of detailed requirements. The analysis of the feeding conditions of experimental cows showed that the use of heat-treated soybeans in the structure of the ration contributed to a significant increase in milk productivity, as well as quality indicators, the content of dry matter, fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus. A similar pattern was observed in terms of indicators of the intensity of metabolic processes of cicatricial digestion. Thus, a positive effect on the percentage of certain volatile fatty acids, in particular acetic as a precursor of milk fat was noted. An increase was noted in the digestibility indicators of the main nutrients (protein, fat, fiber digestibility coefficients). The positive effect of soybeans on the milk productivity of the experimental cows was also noted by the results of the balance experiment. The nitrogen balance was positive and its use for milk production in cows of the fourth group compared to the control group was 27.4 % higher. A similar trend was observed in the balance of calcium and phosphorus. So, the conducted studies on the study of the productive effect of different amounts of soybeans instead of cereal components in the structure of compound feed on milk productivity give reason to recommend that farms use prepared soybeans in the proportion of 10–15 % in compound feed for high-yielding cows.

Infl uence of feeding carbohydrate feed additives on the productivity of cows and the quality of milk

Many studies have proven that the genetic potential of animals is realized with proper feeding and this cannot be achieved without the use of biologically active feed additives. The purpose of the research was to use the additives Living Protein and Tanrem Sh with hepatoprotective properties in the rations of lactating cows in the fi rst 100 days of lactation. The scientifi c and farm experiment was carried out at the breeding farm of Razliv LLC in the Kurgan region on 30 mature lactating cows of Black-and-White breed. The experiment was carried out in 2022–2023. New generation additives Living Protein and Tanrem Sh combining nutritional and hepatoprotective properties help increase milk production in the fi rst 100 days of lactation. Feeding the additives to lactating cows at 500 g/head/day contributed to an increase in milk production in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Thus, in the fi rst 100 days of lactation the milk yield of natural fat milk in cows of the 1st experimental group exceeded that of their herdmates in the control group by 310,0 kg or 11,75 % and the milk yield of cows of the 2nd experimental group was higher than the control group by 342,5 kg or 12,98 %. In terms of 4 % milk, the milk yield of cows in the experimental groups receiving the test additives was higher by 375,2 kg and 428,0 kg, which exceeded the milk yield of cows in the control group by 14,38 and 16,40 %, respectively. The inclusion of feed additives in the ration also had a positive eff ect on the fat and protein content in the milk of cows in the experimental groups. Thus, in the 1st experimental group the advantage in the mass fraction of fat compared to the control group was 0,16 abs.%, and protein 0,04 abs.%, and in the 2nd experimental group the superiority was 0,21 and 0,08 abs.%, respectively. Milk indicators for the content of somatic cells and Quantity of Mesophilic Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Microorganisms have improved.