Increasing Livestock Production Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA K-MEDOIDS DAN K-ERROR UNTUK PENGELOMPOKAN KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH BERDASARKAN JUMLAH PRODUKSI PETERNAKAN TAHUN 2020

The livestock sub-sector is one of the sub-sectors that contribute to the national economy and can significantly absorb labour so that it can be relied upon in efforts to improve the national economy. One of the steps used to increase livestock production in each region in Central Java Province is regional mapping. Cluster analysis is one of the regional mapping methods that can increase livestock production by grouping regencies/cities with characteristics of the same level of livestock production based on the type of livestock production. The k-error and k-medoids method is a non-hierarchical cluster analysis method, where the k-error is a method developed to overcome the problem of data measurement errors in classical cluster analysis, while the k-medoids is a method used to overcome the problem of outliers contained in the data. The validity test of the standard deviation ratio and the WB Index was used to determine the quality of the clustering results. The small validity value of the standard deviation ratio and the WB Index shows the best results of clustering and selecting method. Based on the results of the clustering, the optimal cluster was obtained at k=7 using the k-medoids algorithm, where the validation value of the standard deviation ratio=0.773 and WB Index=0.531.

Effect of Feeding Size of Cassava Leaf by Chopper Machine on Milk Production of Goat at Kemirikebo Village

A chopper machine that functions as a feeding chopper is often used in agriculture and animal husbandry. The design of this machine is different from a commercial chopper. It is used with a set length of chopped sizes variation in 4 sizes, 1, 3, 5, and 7 cm. Chopped sizes based on the farmer’s requirement to meet standard feeding sizes will impact livestock production. Smaller sizes of feeding, mainly forage (basal feeding) which is easier to digest, will increase feeding efficiency. This research aims to inform farmers about the importance of knowing the forage size for goats that will increase livestock productivity. The 3-5 cm chopped cassava leaf’s optimum size raises milk production from 700 to 1000 ml/day/goat (raising to 42%). This is because the size of the chopped forage makes it easier for the microbial in the goat’s rumen to be digested.

Promoting improved forages for increased livestock productivity in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) of Kenya: A case of Kajiado, Narok and Taita Taveta county

Promoting improved forages for increased livestock productivity in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) of Kenya: A case of Kajiado, Narok and Taita Taveta county

Penyuluhan dan Pelatihan Pembuatan UMB (Urea Molasses Block) Pada Peternak Sapi Potong di Desa Blengorwetan, Kecamatan Ambal, Kabupaten Kebumen

Blengorwetan Village, Ambal District, Kebumen Regency is an area with the potential for developing Kebumen PO cattle farms, but has problems in terms of fulfilling animal feed nutrients. The majority of farmers provide feed in the form of dry rice straw, which is low in protein, vitamins, and minerals, and high in crude fiber. Based on these problems, this community service activity aims to provide counseling and training on the manufacture of Urea Molasses Block (UMB) to farmers. Urea Molasses Block (UMB) is an animal feed supplement that serves to improve the nutritional value of animal feed; digestion and digestibility of animal feed substances will be more efficient and improved; consumption of ruminant feed will increase, and avoid vitamin and mineral deficiencies. The methods used include field surveys, discussions with village officials, socialization to increase the knowledge of farmers about UMB, and training in making UMB which is followed in a participatory manner by the community. Trials of giving UMB to livestock by the community show UMB is favored by livestock and can increase animal feed consumption. Based on the activities that have been carried out, it can be concluded several things, namely (1) the training on making UMB has been successfully implemented with indicators of understanding and skills of cattle farmers increasing regarding UMB products and how to manufacture them, (2) UMB products produced are of sufficient quality and favored by livestock. , (3) further breeders wish to make UMB products independently for consumption by their own livestock, with the hope of increasing livestock productivity. Keywords: Urea Molasses Block, Livestock, Feed Supplement

Policy Analysis and Role of Livestock Subsector in the Development at Purworejo Regency, Central Java

This study aims to analyze the livestock subsector policy in Purworejo Regency in the 2016-2021 period and determine the leading subsector in the agricultural sector that can be developed in Purworejo Regency. This study uses descriptive analysis methods and quantitative analysis to determine the role of the livestock sub-sector by calculating Location Question (LQ), Shift Share (SS), and Klassen Typology. The results of this study indicate that policies in the livestock sub-sector, namely optimizing the livestock sub-sector and limiting large-scale livestock business activities in residential areas, are supported by 2 programs, namely the program to increase livestock production and the application of agricultural technology. The second policy is the application of superior agro-input and Agro Farm commodities supported by the Agricultural and Livestock Commodity Agribusiness program. The results of the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis of the livestock sub-sector are 1.24 including the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in an area compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub-sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors. This sector is included in the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in a region compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in the Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub-sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors. This sector is included in the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in a region compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in the Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors.

Percentage of internal organs of broiler chickens given Vernonia amygdalina flour feed additives

Feed is the most important thing in supporting various livestock businesses, including broiler chickens. The use of natural ingredients as animal feed additives is an effort to increase livestock production. This study aimed to analyze the carcass of broiler chickens fed with Vernonia amygdalina flour at different levels using 100 DOC strain SR 202 with 20 experimental units reared for 5 weeks using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments with 4 replications consisting of 5 chickens. Each replicate containing broiler chickens was fed with CAB broiler concentrate, milled corn, bran, and Vernonia amygdalina flour and then mixed with the treatment feed. The results of the study average percentage of broiler heart weight ranged from 0.58% to 0.66%, liver weight 3.40% to 3.85%, and gizzard weight 2.44% to 2.64%.

Agricultural Production, Renewable Energy Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment, and Carbon Emissions: New Evidence from Africa

This paper explores the nexus between agricultural production, renewable energy, foreign direct investment (FDI), and carbon emissions in Africa, where there is limited evidence on the topic. Relying on panel data covering thirty-one African countries obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators and FAOSTAT databases, we answered the question of whether agricultural production (proxied by livestock production, fertilizer consumption, and land under cereal cultivation), the use of renewable energy, and FDI increase or reduce carbon emissions. Using the panel autoregressive distributed lag model for analysis, our results show that net FDI, fertilizer consumption, livestock production significantly increased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. Meanwhile, renewable energy use consumption significantly decreased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. Specifically, a 1% increase in net FDI increased total carbon emissions by 0.003% in the short run and by 0.01% in the long run. Renewable energy consumption significantly decreased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. A 1% increase in renewable energy consumption decreased total carbon emissions by 0.16% in the short run and by 0.22% in the long run. Additionally, fertilizer consumption and livestock production significantly increased carbon emissions in the short run and long run. A 1% increase in fertilizer consumption increased total carbon emissions by 0.01% in the short run and by 0.04% in the long run, while a 1% increase in livestock production increased total carbon emissions by 0.20% in the short run and by 0.56% in the long run. The findings call for investment in renewable energy technologies and consumption while advocating for large-scale uptake of climate-smart agriculture, and environmentally friendly targeted foreign direct investments on the continent.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Peternak di Desa Lolotuara Kecamatan Pulau Lakor

Increasing the capacity of farmers in an effort to increase livestock production is important, because with the increasing capacity of farmers, increasing livestock productivity will be easier to obtain. The implementation of Community Service was carried out in Lolotuara Village, Pulau Lakor Subdistrict in July 2022, participants in the extension for increasing the capacity of farmers were attended by villages, village officials and the livestock community. The results of the implementation of the extension in Lolotuara Village, Pulau Lakor Subdistrict, which was attended by the village head, village officials and the farmer community, gave quite positive results because the PKM team was well received and during the counseling process the participants asked many questions so that the farmers were able to understand a good livestock business improvement system.

Training of Adding Turmeric and Curcuma as Food Additives for Laying Hens

The use of bioactive plants to replace antibiotics is now widely used. The program's purpose is to provide a solution for natural feed additives to laying hens in Ngaliyan as a substitute for Antibiotics Growth Promotor (AGP), which is prohibited by the government, and provide knowledge to farmers about the use of medicinal plants to improve the productivity of livestock. The target was laying hens farmers in Ngaliyan. The problem was chicken feed is made without AGP and egg prices fell while feed prices had risen. The solution offered to the partner was adding food additives from turmeric and Curcuma. Turmeric and Curcuma will improve immunity to increase livestock productivity, feed efficiency, and egg quality. Based on this reason, we conducted community services for laying hens farmers in Ngaliyan. Community service activities were carried out using the PAR method for two months through socialization, training, assistance in providing additional natural feed, and evaluation. Giving turmeric and Curcuma flour can improve the quality of eggs. The result of the community service showed an understanding of partners to formulate and produce feed additives in raising laying hens was improved. In addition, farmers were able to formulate and produce herbal feed based on requirements.

Kegiatan sosialisasi kesehatan dan vaksinasi ternak sapi potong di Desa Tihengo, Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara

Archipelago and coastal communities need to improve their economic level apart from the fishery sector as well as from the livestock sector. Tihengo Village is an archipelago and coastal area part of the Ponelo Islands District, North Gorontalo Regency. Therefore, it is necessary to support the implementation of livestock health management in order to increase livestock productivity. This service aims to obtain information about livestock health, livestock management, and disease prevention patterns in livestock so that it can improve the economy of beef cattle farmers. Service activities in the form of “Kuliah Kerja Nyata” (KKN) – Thematic activities are carried out in the form of health services by collecting cattle in a place in the form of giving vitamins, deworming medicine and spraying on healthy livestock, and treating sick cattle, as well as discussions with farmers. about the importance of maintaining the health of livestock. The target of the service activity is in the form of discussions with cattle breeders and health services for Bali cattle from 3 Sub Village in Tihengo Village. The number of cattle served in this implementation was 22 cattles. Health services for livestock include the provision of vitamins (22 cattles), deworming medicine (21 cattles), spraying butox (22 cattles), and ivomec injection (4 cattles) for animals experiencing itching on the skin injection (4 Cows) for animals experiencing itching on the skin.

Systemic measures on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in animal husbandry enterprises. A review

The paper presents a review of different approaches to solving problems arising upon greenhouse gas emission from activities of animal husbandry enterprises. The sector of ruminant animal production is under close attention for ecological reasons due to its significant contribution to emission of enteric methane (CH4) and an effect on global climate change. Moreover, analysis of the main sources of methane emission in the agricultural sector of the agro-industrial complex, including by species of livestock and poultry, is given. An impact of a feeding system, feeds and feed additives in use and manure storage on nitrogen losses is estimated. In this connection, the authors examine several promising scientific and practical development results that are aimed to reducing emissions and formulating a strategy for controlling direct emissions of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry that do not jeopardize animal productivity, especially in the context of sustainability. Practical activities that envisage the development of the complex of measures for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are examined. Potential strategies for mitigating their consequences were divided into the following main categories: animal raising, changes in animal diets and manipulations with rumen. Furthermore, several other measures facilitating an increase in livestock productivity and reduction of the negative effect on the environment were taken. Eco-economic methods for assessing emissions of harmful gases in production of animal husbandry products are considered and the necessity of developing simpler cost-effective technologies for quantitative assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and a search for solutions to preserve favorable climate is emphasized. When assessing greenhouse gas emissions, the loss sizes and cumulative ecological damage are taken into account. Realization of strategies for emission reduction should lead to an increase in animal productivity and a decrease in the negative effect of animal husbandry on the environment.

Unravelling the reservoirs for colonisation of infants with Campylobacter spp. in rural Ethiopia: protocol for a longitudinal study during a global pandemic and political tensions

IntroductionUndernutrition is an underlying cause of mortality in children under five (CU5) years of age. Animal-source foods have been shown to decrease malnutrition in CU5. Livestock are important reservoirs for...

Do Livestock Supports Increase Livestock Production? Province Based Panel ARDL Analysis for Turkey Example

In recent years, there has been a significant change in Turkey's agricultural support policies, especially on livestock supports. The livestock support, with a share less than 5% in total has in early 2000s has reached up to 35% at the end of 2020. In order to understand the impact of increase in livestock supports, 11 years of livestock support and livestock presence in 81 provinces in Turkey were analyzed via Panel ARDL method. The results of the analysis revealed that support to livestock does not affect the number of livestock in the short term, but has a positive effect in the long run. Furthermore, both in the short and long term, the increase in prices in the livestock sector increases the livestock fund. Eventhough increases in feed prices harm livestock presence in short run as expected, this negative effect disappears in the long run. The production effect of minimum wage variable is added to the model considering the unique situation of Turkey, which effects the production negative in the short run, but positive in the long run.

Agrarian policy and development of animal husbandry in the Rostov region in 1953–1958s

The article examines the impact of the agrarian policy of the state on the development of animal husbandry in the Rostov region in 1953-1958, that is, from the beginning of the reform of agriculture in accordance with the decisions of the September plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1953 to the beginning of the meat and dairy company, held under the slogan "catch up and overtake America". In studying of agricultural policy regional socio-economic differences are of great importance, which affect not only the development of the region, but also the country as a whole. The author analyzes the main qualitative and quantitative indicators of the development of animal husbandry in the region during the study period. The article is based on the study of archival and statistical materials of the Rostov region. The author makes a conclusion that during the study period there was an increase in the number of all types of livestock in the region, milk yields and milk production increased. However, meat production has decreased compared to the level of 1953. There is a great contribution to the production of meat and dairy products in the region of personal subsidiary farms. In the collective farms and state farms of the Rostov region, the development of the fodder base and the provision of premises did not correspond to the growth in the number of livestock. During wintering, a large loss of livestock was observed due to starvation, lack of premises and poor care every year. Implementation of agrarian policy measures in 1953-1958 did not lead to a significant increase in livestock production. In general, not a single planned indicator for the development of animal husbandry was fulfilled in the Rostov region during the study period.

Productive Livestock Characterization and Recommendations for Good Practices Focused on the Achievement of the SDGs in the Ecuadorian Amazon

The increase in livestock production in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region has caused an increase in deforestation and the advance of the agricultural frontier. The aim of the current study was to conduct a socioeconomic and productive characterization in Andean-Amazonian livestock systems in Ecuador. The study area was part of the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve (SBR) and three other zones: low (400 to 700 masl), middle (701 to 1600 masl), and high (701 to 1600 masl). Data were collected from 167 ranching households. There are significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) in the results. It was identified that 56.1% of the producers in the middle zone are indigenous (Kichwa). The largest (p ≤ 0.01) average household size (6.7 household members) and the highest level of household heads without schooling (16%) were found in the same area. Heads of households over 54 years of age were reported throughout the gradient. The largest farms were also found in the middle zone, with an average of 62.3 ha, of which an average of 32.9 ha is native forest, 2.1 ha is agricultural land, and 27.2 ha is cattle pasture. The household economy is driven by a greater investment in livestock in the upper area, and therefore their annual gross income has a high impact on their economy. With these results, this study presents recommendations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Introduction of Superior Feed Forage to Improve Feed Nutrition and Livestock Productivity in the “Sekar Pasti Wangi” Livestock Farmer Group, Petiga Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency

The partner in implementing this PKM (Community service) is the Sekar Pasti Wangi Livestock Group located in Banjar Seminyak Petiga Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency. This group raises 20 cows with 19 members. Partners have problems not having information about superior types of animal feed forage, understanding and skills regarding feed forage cultivation technology and how to feed livestock. With this understanding and skills, it will be able to increase the nutritional content contained in the feed both in quality and quantity which has an impact on increasing livestock production. The goal to be achieved is to provide an understanding of nutrition in applying forage cultivation technology as animal feed that can take place evenly throughout the year. The Sekar Pasti Wangi Livestock Farmer Group already knows some superior forage, mastering its cultivation technology, ration formulation and understanding and understanding the nutritional needs of cows. Mastery of technology is almost 80%, so it is necessary to provide assistance again to the group at the time of the first, second slaughter and forage treatment of feed and serving techniques so that forage remains of good quality. From the community partnership program that we carry out, it can be concluded that partners know the types of feed forage by 80%. In addition, there is an increase in livestock productivity of 0.3-0.4 kg / head / day can be seen from the growth performance, so it is expected that partner income will increase.

Conceptual framework to define management strategies for silvopastoral systems in native forests

Most of the native forests in Argentina are used for livestock production with little sustainable silvopastoral management. Our objective here is to discuss different management strategies where natural and human capital are combined to co-produce ecosystem services (ES) provided by silvopastoral systems in native forests, interacting with different ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Also, we provide perspectives that should be analyzed in a context of socio-ecological approaches in agro-forestry landscapes. Four types of theoretical strategies are proposed (win-win, win-lose, lose-win and lose-lose), which define the social-ecological and economic thresholds that determine the provision of ES and biodiversity in the long term. The evidence of the win-lose strategy occurs when the silvopastoral systems are managed mainly to increase economic profitability through increments in forage biomass aimed to increase livestock production in the medium and long term. Deferred deforestation was presented as a typical example of lose-lose strategy in the Chaco region based on short-term management strategies by only obtaining commodities (crops or livestock products) without considering the negative interactions with other ES and loss of biodiversity. The information provided in this work should assist stakeholders and researchers to identify thresholds of economic profitability and ecological resilience in ecosystems under management. The proposed approaches provide a utilitarian vision of ecosystem services and key aspects of social-ecological resilience.

Effect of shrimp waste fermentation feed supplement use on the balance of protein efficiency and color of native chicken egg yolk

Background: Supplement feed with an optimal composition will increase livestock productivity through increased feed digestibility and feed consumption that will provide a balance between amino acid supply and energy to grow, and produce. One of the fishery wastes that can be used as feed supplements is shrimp waste. The purpose of the study was to determine and obtain the level of use of feed supplements of fermented shrimp waste in the ration which resulted in a balance value of protein efficiency and the best egg yolk colour in the native chickens. Materials and Methods: The experiment used 20 native chickens aged 40 weeks in 20-unit cages. The study used the Complete Randomized Design method with 5 kinds of treatment, namely R0 (ration without the use of feed supplement fermentation of shrimp waste), R1 (ration with the use of feed supplement 0.5% fermentation of shrimp waste), R2 (ration with the use of feed supplement 1.0% fermentation of shrimp waste), R3 (ration with the use of feed supplement 1.5% fermentation of shrimp waste), and R4 (ration with the use of feed supplement 2.0% fermentation of shrimp waste), each treatment is repeated four times. The changes observed were ration consumption, protein consumption, egg weight, protein efficiency balance, and yolk colour. Results: Shrimp waste fermentation products as feed supplements have a significant influence (P<0.05) on feed consumption, protein consumption, egg weight, the balance of protein efficiency, and the colour of the yolk. The use of shrimp waste fermentation products gives optimal results at the rate of 1.5% (R3) in the ration against feed consumption and protein consumption, the weight of eggs optimal results at the level of 2.0 % (R4), and the balance of protein efficiency and against the colour of the yolk optimal results at the level of 1.0% (R2). Conclusions: The use of shrimp waste fermentation products of 1.0 levels in the ration results in an optimal balance of protein efficiency and yolk colour. The pattern of the relationship between treatments to the balance of protein efficiency is obtained in linear form with the equation y = 0.1494x + 3.7593 (R2 =93.71%). and in the colour of the yolk in linear form with the equation y = 0.85x + 7.4883 (R2=96.33%). Shrimp waste fermentation products can be used at a rate of 1.0-2.0% in the feed formula of the local poultry layer phase and livestock other than local poultry.

Budidaya Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Sebagai Alternatif Penyediaan Pakan Ternak Berkelanjutan

The cow farmer in Padang was changed from semi-intensive to intensive because of city development. The intensive system requires farmers to be forage feeding cut and carried from field margins. The limited knowledge of smallholder farmers about the high quality of forage causes native grass to become the primary source of forage; meanwhile, the low nutrient content of native grass causes the low production and reproduction in cows. To overcome the adequacy of feed forage, both in quality and quantity, thus cultivation of forage was conducted on unproductive land such as peatlands. Generally, peatland with a shallow category and low pH is widespread on the coast of Padang city. Sorghum is tolerant to acid soil and can be the solution to overcome forage feeding in the dry season. The community service activities were carried out from October 2021 until January 2022 and aimed to increase farmers' knowledge in feed diversification and skills in cultivating sorghum as a superior feed crop. The activities were conducted using counselling and discussion methods and the practice of sorghum cultivation on peatlands. Results showed that cow farmers know the importance of providing quality sustainable forage to increase livestock productivity, especially brood cows. The conclusion is that sorghum can be a substitute for native grass and as a concentrate; hence it can be an alternative solution to the problem of supplying feeding in Padang city.

Technical Instructions for Utilizing Chicken Waste as A Bokashi Organic Fertilizer in Lepo-Lepo Village, Barug a District, Kendari City

Increasing the population of chickens nationally and regionally will increase the waste generated. If the waste is not managed properly, it has the potential to cause environmental pollution, especially from manure that is produced by livestock every day. Livestock rearing produces a lot of waste/manure which is abundant and has not been used properly by the community. Chicken is one of the animals or livestock whose livestock manure contains nutrients and organic matter which is quite high and has the potential to produce organic fertilizer which is needed for the maintenance of soil fertility. Organic fertilizers produced from the fermentation of organic materials such as compost and manure using the help of effective microorganism technology (EM4) are known as bokashi. The purpose of this activity is to provide guidance and counseling in managing and utilizing chicken manure waste as organic bokashi fertilizer as well as providing economic benefits and benefits to farmers/breeders. The activity approach method is carried out by (1) lectures and discussions about the prospects and benefits obtained from chicken manure processing technology, (2) demonstrations in providing in-depth understanding and introduction of ingredients used in the manufacture of organic bokashi fertilizer, (3) the practice of making organic bokashi fertilizer using EM4 technology. The counseling material presented received a positive response and the participants were quite enthusiastic, considering that so far, the manufacture of fertilizers has been carried out without a touch of technology. It was concluded that the practice of making organic bokashi fertilizer in addition to increasing livestock production can also increase the income of farmers from the sale of organic bokashi fertilizer.