Increasing Labor Productivity Research Articles

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВЫЗОВЫ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ

The impact of digitalization and digital transformation of the construction sector on the country's economy can hardly be overestimated, as it stimulates economic growth, improves production efficiency, increases labor productivity and reduces costs, and enables market players to form a competitive advantage. In 2024, the Russian construction sector is transitioning to the mandatory use of information modeling technologies, which indicates the progressive integration of digital technologies in construction. The purpose of this article is to identify the challenges and trends of digital transformation of the construction industry in 2024, formed by the conditions of the current turbulent economic situation in Russia. The article analyzes domestic and foreign scientific publications in the field of digitalization of construction, as well as current statistical and analytical data.

The impact of the Christchurch earthquakes (2010–2011) on labour productivity in the Canterbury region in New Zealand

ABSTRACT We examine the impact of the earthquake sequence in 2010–2012 on labour productivity in New Zealand's Canterbury region, utilising a dynamic Difference-in-Differences approach and a comprehensive administrative dataset of all firms operating in New Zealand. We find a statistically significant and large positive effect on labour productivity in Christchurch City, particularly in the construction sector. This led to an observable increase in overall regional labour productivity in the Canterbury region in 2013, 2015, and 2016. In Christchurch City itself (the area most heavily impacted by the earthquakes), the positive effect lasts until 2018 and possibly later (though it is no longer statistically observable). The re-construction of the region will not continue forever, so the implications of this winding down in re-construction for labour productivity and income are potentially a matter of present and future concern.

Economic Effectiveness and Forecasting of Scientific Activity in Azerbaijan

In the conditions of increasing international competition, sustainable development of the economy is considered to be one of the priority areas of scientific activities in the country. Since science and high technologies are the fundamental basis of innovative development, the strengthening of scientific, technical, and innovative potential for countries is considered as the goal of economic policy. In this context, the ability to achieve achievements related to scientific activity and to implement the obtained results becomes one of the factors that ensure the competitiveness of both the economy and fields and subjects in the global competitive environment. The effectiveness of scientific activity directly depends on the funding of research and development. The comparison of costs and results is closely related to the consideration of different time intervals between financing and the achievement of commercial results. Therefore, investments related to the commercialization of science appear as investments in the future. Thus, the application of the results of scientific activity to production, being considered an important factor of production intensification, ensures the increase of labor productivity, the reduction of production costs, and the improvement of the efficiency of capital investments. These, in turn, are the main conditions for the effectiveness of the integration of science and production. In the research, the effectiveness of scientific activity, the factors affecting it, the possibilities of expanding the application of scientific activity to production, and the forecast indicators of the volume of scientific and technical works shortly are determined.

Determinants of Production in the Bread and Cake Industry in Banyumas District

The industrial sector is a pertinent driving force for economic development in developing countries, including Indonesia. Therefore, the industrial sector more than other industries must be prepared to become a leading sector. One of the industrial sectors growing in the Banyumas district is the food industry, especially cakes and bread. This research aims to analyze the effect of capital, labor, and raw material on the production of the food items and identify the independent variables that influence the production the most. The population of this study is 108 bread and cake business units. The sampling technique used is Stratified Random Sampling based on the number of workers. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression which refers to the Cobb-Douglas production function using natural logarithms. The results show that capital, labor, and raw materials partially have a positive and significant effect on production; capital, labor, and raw materials simultaneously have a substantial impact on production; the most influential variable on production is the raw material. The research implies that the bakery industry in Banyumas Regency should use a combination of production factors such as capital, labor, and raw materials optimally to increase production. Furthermore, it is hoped that the Banyumas Regency Government and financial institutions can increase the ease of access to capital to support business development. To increase labor productivity, the government and companies can facilitate to improve their knowledge and skills. Keywords: capital, labor, raw materials, production

INNOVATIVE ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT AT TRADE ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND RISKS IN UKRAINE

The article examines the activities of commercial enterprises during the crisis caused by the war, the coronavirus, and the European integration aspirations of Ukraine as a candidate for membership in the European Union. Despite the significant number of publications on anti-crisis policy, there are still unresolved problems related to risk management in the process of ensuring the anti-crisis policy of trade enterprises in the global economic uncertainty. Most of the companies in this sector suffered collapse and bankruptcy due to the complexity of operating conditions during this difficult period: power cuts, labour migration, changes in international and domestic supply conditions, selection of new suppliers, destruction of road and warehouse infrastructure, and the search for new logistics routes. The aim of this article is to offer practical recommendations that will help retailers strengthen their resilience, adapt to the changing environment through innovative crisis management measures, and quickly recover from the crisis to reach or exceed the previous level of financial and operational stability. The research methodology involves a two-pronged approach: a qualitative study through a literature review and interviews, which gives an idea of crisis management, and quantitative methods, including surveys and analysis of financial indicators. The article examines the activities of trade enterprises in the crisis period of the pre-war years, i.e., the time of the pandemic's impact on the dynamics of trade. It analyses the losses of retailers during the war. The objectives of crisis financial management are defined. The relationship between crisis management and the solvency and financial stability of trade enterprises is determined. The impact of insolvency of trade enterprises on the payment of wages to employees is identified. The authors propose a number of anti-crisis measures for trade enterprises in the context of wartime and a global pandemic, such as transition to online trading using marketing strategies and plans, cost reduction, effective inventory management, modelling the sensitivity of financial indicators to changes in the external environment, and search for innovative opportunities. Attention is focused on the growing role of human capital in business recovery, including the importance of staff training and professional development, improvement of motivation systems and human resource management. The paper suggests ways to increase labour productivity, such as process automation and the effective use of data analytics. Results. Thus, the objective need for innovative tools for crisis management of trade enterprises becomes a key element of research in the context of European integration and wartime.

Study on Labor Productivity Improvement Based on Situational Awareness and Improved Value Stream Mapping

This study addresses the issue of poor construction labor productivity, exploring the process and methodology for increasing construction workers’ participation in labor productivity improvement, as well as a situational awareness (SA) development approach for construction workers based on lean construction (LC). A framework for enhancing labor productivity through SA has been developed. A case study approach is utilized to describe the LC improvement process, which includes enhancing construction workers’ SA for waste minimization and process optimization and engaging them in LC with improved value stream mapping (VSM). The labor productivity measurement approach, combined with VSM, is used to evaluate the labor productivity improvement with labor productivity improvement rate, resource efficiency, and flow efficiency. The results demonstrate that the labor productivity of the case project has increased by 24.07%, with 11.54% contributing resource efficiency and 88.46% contributing flow efficiency, indicating a greater increase in flow efficiency. This study fills a research gap in terms of the combination of construction workers’ SA enhancement and the involvement of LC practices to boost labor productivity. Furthermore, this study proposes an SA development approach based on LC at three levels: waste perception, VSM implementation, and labor productivity improvement assessment. This provides new perspectives for leveraging construction workers’ SA to increase labor productivity. The improved VSM approach and labor productivity measurements provide an operationalization of workers’ participation in continuous improvement. This research is of great practical relevance for augmenting the competencies of construction laborers and inspiring them to engage in labor productivity enhancement.

Organizational-economic and psychological aspects of personnel management as a factor of organization development in crisis conditions

Modern business conditions require organizations to develop and implement new approaches to personnel management, which is the leading resource of their business activities. Crisis conditions can be challenging for any organization, but they can also stimulate development and promote change in a positive direction. The research aims to determine the organizational, economic, and psychological aspects of personnel management as a factor in the organization's development in crisis conditions. The article examines the general factors of organizational development in crisis conditions: stability, flexibility and adaptability, innovation, resources and finances, strategic planning, effective management, leadership and communication, personnel, customer orientation, public relations, and optimism. The necessity of combining and considering organizational, economic, and psychological aspects of personnel management in crisis conditions is substantiated. The fundamental aspects of personnel management of the organization in crisis conditions are singled out: organizational, economic, and psychological. Organizational and economic aspects of personnel management of the organization in crisis conditions: retention of qualified personnel, optimization of the number of personnel, reduction of personnel costs, and increase of labor productivity. Psychological aspects of personnel management of the organization in crisis conditions: informing, supporting, motivating, creating a favorable microclimate, and providing development opportunities. The proposed approach to highlighting the fundamental aspects of the organization's personnel management in crisis conditions will allow: to develop effective methods of personnel management in crisis conditions; increase the motivation and productivity of employees; reduce staff turnover; increase the level of financial stability and competitiveness of the organization. The principles of anti-crisis personnel management are defined. Implementing an effective personnel management system will allow the organization to maintain qualified personnel and competitive advantages, reduce personnel maintenance costs, increase labor productivity, and work efficiency, and ensure sustainable functioning and development of the organization in crisis conditions. Keywords: organization development, personnel, organization management, personnel management, development factors, management principles, organizational and economic aspects of management, psychological aspects of management.

Вірогідні наслідки євроінтеграції для розвитку міграційних процесів в Україні

Population losses caused by the war, in particular forced migration abroad, are an obvious challenge to the stability of Ukraine, and can become a serious brake on its post-war recovery and development. Future EU membership carries with it the risk of further departure of citizens who will have the right to live, work, and study freely on the territory of a united Europe. In order to find adequate answers to possible problems in a timely manner, it is necessary to try to identify the most likely direction of the development of the migration situation in the context of European integration, which is the purpose of this article. Its novelty lies in the substantiation of the possible volumes of migration, its dynamics, composition and consequences under the influence of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union. The analysis is based on the most widely used theoretical approaches to explaining migration, data on intra-European migration movements after previous EU enlargements, as well as the migration experience of Ukrainians in recent decades. When processing factual and analytical material, historical, logical, comparative methods, the method of scientific abstraction are used. Both theoretical considerations and actual data indicate a natural short-term intensification of migration of the population of the countries joining the EU. As a result of the war, the destruction of the economy, unemployment and impoverishment of the population, the exodus from Ukraine may be even larger. Additional ground for such an assumption is the experience of labor migration, which has been used by Ukrainians since the 1990s as a strategy for survival in crisis conditionst. At the same time, joining the EU, as it was proven by previous enlargements, contributes to the increase of labor productivity, the activation of the economy, the inflow of foreign investments and, as a result, the gradual increase of wages and the welfare of the population, which in the context of migration reduces the motivation to leave and determines the return. Citizens of Ukraine, as a democratic state, will independently decide whether to stay in the country, leave it or return to its territory. At the same time, the state can provide institutional and informational support to migrants, protect the interests of its citizens abroad, and create conditions for return. The development of migration policy taking into account the perspective of Ukraine’s accession to the EU is extremely relevant not only from a scientific, but also from a practical point of view.

Национальные проекты России: новые возможности и перспективы развития для предприятий-участников проекта «Производительность труда»

The article is devoted to the implementation specifics of the National Project Labor Productivity in Russia, among the main initiatives of which are increase of productivity growth, competitiveness and efficiency of Russian enterprises, and developing competencies necessary to improve industrial culture. The main purpose of the study was to analyze how effectively the measures implemented within the framework of the national project influence the improvement of conditions for effective work at the enterprises, and contribute to management structure improvement, economical production, logistics systems development and sales activities optimization. According to the experts, following an increase of labor productivity without unnecessary investments, such measures will allow increasing the enterprises’ incomes by increasing output, reducing production time, and reducing inventories of work in progress. The presentation of the material of the article within the framework of the chosen topic is based on the use of methods of studying and detailed analysis of literature on the subject of the research, as well as official sources and documents developed by the Government of the Russian Federation and devoted to the prospects of labor productivity increase at medium and large enterprises of non-primary sectors of the economy. The authors described the essence and main initiatives of the National Project Labor Productivity in detail, listed the main conditions for an enterprise to receive comprehensive state support, considered the features of individual programs operating under the project, and conducted comparative analysis of economic performance indicators of the enterprises operating in Orel region and directly involved in this project. Based on the results of the data study provided by official sources on the progress of the planned activities related to personnel training, production processes digitalization, preferential financing of participating companies, it was concluded that systemic measures of targeted support by the Government of the Russian Federation for manufacturers within the framework of the National Project are quite effective.

МЕРЫ РАСШИРЕНИЯ И УГЛУБЛЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЕЙ ТАМБОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article presents the results of the analysis of the conditions for the development of agriculture for the period 2011-2022, which showed the formed high potential at the levels of state regulation, foreign economic activity and the agri-food market. The reaction of agribusiness was an accelerated scaling up of activities based on self-sufficiency and self-financing. Detailed studies of the economic adaptation of the agricultural sector of the economy, conducted on the materials of agricultural organizations of the Tambov region, showed the predominant use of modern approaches to increasing labor productivity. The possibility of full use of the potential for economic development of agriculture requires further improvement of the adaptation mechanism of the industry.

Эффективность деятельности субъектов предпринимательства:социально-экономический аспект

The article provides an assessment of the profitability of agricultural organizations whose main economic activity is the cultivation of poultry. These are medium–sized and large enterprises (poultry farms) that are top participants in the national Labor Productivity project. From the perspective of a socially oriented approach, the results of the analysis of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity are presented. At the same time, attention is focused on the distribution of net value added in terms of accumulation and consumption, as well as financial stability when production breaks even. It is determined that the introduction of lean manufacturing elements, despite the increase in resource prices due to sanctions pressure, allows to increase labor productivity and business efficiency.

Method for determining the number of defective products in a sample based on one measurement result

The most pressing problems in terms of production are increasing labor productivity and the quality of its results. One of the main ways to increase labor productivity is the development of new progressive technological processes. There are methods for controlling batches of products that can reduce the time of its control and increase labor productivity, which include methods of statistical quality control based on an alternative criterion. However, a sample from a batch of products must be fully controlled. When inspecting with one inspection tool, the sample inspection time is no less than the sum of the inspection times of all sample items. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for determining the number of defective products in a sample with one inspection tool, allowing to reduce the sample inspection time to the minimum possible. A method is proposed for determining the number of defective products of a certain class in a sample with one inspection tool using samples, which allows to signifi cantly reduce the sample inspection time. The samples are connected in parallel to the controlled products and are connected in series. All products in the sample with samples are controlled simultaneously, the total value of the controlled parameter is determined for them, and the number of defective products in the sample is determined by the formula. The effectiveness of the method is shown using the example of monitoring electromagnetic relays. The method makes it possible to reduce the sample inspection time to the minimum possible value, equal to the inspection time of one product.

Drivers of Carbon Emissions in Kenya: The Perspective of Technology

The empirical studies have portrayed from a different perspective that technology, foreign direct investment (FDI), and economic growth have diverse outcomes on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. African economies specifically Kenya are currently threatened with more CO2 emissions for which proper strategies need to be adopted to reduce and mitigate this situation. To address this issue, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was utilized, differentiating between the long-term and short-term effects of drivers of CO2. Granger causality was applied to analyze the causality between the series. The study uses time series data for Kenya from 1990 to 2022. The short-run and long-run results indicate a negative relationship between technology and carbon emissions. Specifically, an increase in technology reduces carbon emissions while an increase in economic growth and FDI inflow increases carbon emissions. The study has identified the negative nexus between technology and carbon emissions in Kenya. This means that technological innovation can increase labour productivity and utilization of resources, thereby reducing carbon emissions. Therefore, Kenya should increase research and utilization of low and efficient carbon technologies to decouple economic growth from environmental pollution. Based on the result, various strategies have been proposed, including using different clean technologies to produce renewable fuels. FDI that complies with environmental regulations, and the use of advanced green and clean technologies can help mitigate the negative impact of technological progress on the environment. Additionally, technological progress, particularly in information and communication technology, will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve environmental quality.

ORGANISATION OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The aim of the article is to identify the characteristics of the introduction and development of marketing activities in agricultural enterprises in order to increase the efficiency of their activities. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes related to the marketing activities of agricultural enterprises. In formulating theoretical generalisations and formulating conclusions and proposals, the paper uses historical, abstract and logical, and monographic methods. Forecasting of indicators characterising the marketing potential of enterprise in the context of increasing labour productivity at enterprises, market parameters and substantiation of the choice of marketing strategy of agricultural producers is carried out using the methods of extrapolation and economic forecasting. The article uses general scientific and special research methods: abstraction and comparison, analysis and synthesis, graphical methods, deduction, economic and mathematical modelling, observation and comparison, and the logical method. The results of the study show that marketing instruments include methods of its implementation, i.e., advertising, sales, customer service, pricing policy, study of needs and demand, communication with consumers and the public. Calculation of a comprehensive indicator of efficiency of marketing activity of enterprises is an important direction of assessment of the status and level of development of the marketing complex at enterprise. The indicator makes it possible to promptly identify and eliminate deviations in achieving goals and fulfilling tasks, which affects the overall performance of the enterprise. The results of the study are presented in the form of tables, graphs, diagrams, and charts. Practical implications. Since the marketing activity of an agricultural enterprise is multifaceted, it is necessary to evaluate its effectiveness in the following areas: efficiency of implementation of marketing functions, implementation of the marketing complex and use of marketing resources. In order to assess the level of efficiency of marketing activities, it is necessary to analyse both strategic and tactical aspects of the agricultural enterprise. Value/originality. An important component of ensuring marketing activities in the agricultural market is the communication policy of the enterprise. A modern system for assessing the effectiveness of marketing activities should take into account the possibility of disseminating information via the Internet, which is an indispensable tool for obtaining up-to-date marketing information.

Digitalization as a determinant of transformation of the real sector of the economy of the macroregion (using the example of the North Caucasus Federal District)

Purpose: is to study of the processes of digitalization and digital transformation of the real sector of the economy of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District. Methods: the methodological basis of the study was the concept of the digital economy, the theoretical principles of supply-side economics, the systems approach, trend analysis and predictive analytics. The study is based on the use of the methods of economic and statistical analysis, scientifi c abstraction, analogies and scientifi c generalizations. The methods used are characterized by validity and show a high degree of eff ectiveness. Results: digitalization and digital transformation processes are underway in the North Caucasus Federal District, but the pace remains low. To accelerate these processes, it is necessary to solve two interrelated problems: fi rstly, to materialize the processes of digitalization and digital transformation in the real sector of the economy of the regions of the federal district, and secondly, to train personnel in certain specialties who can eff ectively operate digital technologies. In the fi rst case, it is possible to use the model of catch-up development at the regional level, which will make it possible to implement the principle of “advantage of backwardness” and use the accumulated global and regional experience in the transition to the modern trends in the operation of digital technologies. In the second case, it is proposed to organize special centers in the subjects of the district for retraining digital technologies specialists with the necessary competencies and/or advanced training with the issuance of the confi rming certifi cates. Such centers could train exclusive specialists at the request of enterprises or engage in refresher training and retraining of the necessary specialists. The creation of the centers is possible on the basis of public-private partnership. Conclusions and Relevance: the main task of the digital transformation of industry is considered to be the modernization of production process management, which will lead to the signifi cant increase in labor productivity. To implement such a scenario, the economic entities in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District need to move away from the traditionalist approaches that take place in the organization and management of enterprises, and switch to the processes of digitalization and digital transformation of the real sector of the economy of the district.

RESEARCH OF INNOVATIONS IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

The article reveals the peculiarities of the functioning of the domestic banking system and examines the latest innovative solutions in the banking sector of the leading countries of the world for the period from 2020 to 2024. The prerequisites for the most popular innovative solutions and ideas in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are revealed. The author analyzes the situations that have contributed to instability, including the constant interference of cybercriminals and Russia's military actions against Ukraine.
 The author systematizes the main directions of development of innovations in the global banking sector and analyzes the possibilities of implementing the most promising ones in the functioning of Ukrainian banking institutions and ensuring their financial security.
 The author presents the signs and criteria of innovation and provides examples of an innovative approach to solving issues in the internal processes of banking activities. It is determined that the main features of banking innovations are: the presence of social and economic results, reduction of banking costs, reduction of banking risks, increase in the level of liquidity of banking institutions, the presence of unique consumer properties, globalization of banking institutions and increase in labor productivity in the banking sector. The author studies the trends of transformations in the digital component of the banking sector. Innovations in customer experience and marketing innovations in the global banking sector are analyzed.
 The main directions of development of the banking sector in the context of leading banking institutions are structured, direct ideas and solutions to modern economic challenges of both global and local scales are presented. Innovations in the internal processes of banking institutions in 2020-2023 in Poland, the USA and Spain are revealed.

Assessment in the efficiency of investments in human capital in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy

The article considers the concept of “investment in human capital”, presents a theoretical and instrumental interpretation of the main components of human capital. The current assessment methods and indicators that characterize the effectiveness of investments in human capital are summarized. Also, a comprehensive and critical analysis of the current methodological aspects for assessing the effectiveness of investments in human capital was made. Education is considered as a property in the form of professional features and self-growing value on the basis of increasing labour productivity of an employee, which is correspondingly distinguished by the growth of wages. Creation of the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of investments in education at the macroeconomic level is based on the comparison of public investments in education and average wages in the country. The average wage is considered as a productive indicator of the effectiveness of investments in education. The money that is spent on the education of the younger generation, in the foreseeable future will establish the degree of education of the population of the state and, in turn, its competitive advantage in the global community. The proposed model for assessing the effectiveness of investment in education is simple and convenient, it is able to link the efficiency of the firm's activities and the cost of human capital. The article shows the results of the assessment of investment efficiency of the implementation of the State Programme of Education and Science Development of RK for 2020–2025. The analysis of statistical data for Kazakhstan also shows the existence of a close relationship between the remuneration of employees and the volume of investment in education. The article has both theoretical and practical relevance, as it is related to the State Programme “Digital Kazakhstan” with the direction “Human Capital Development” and the topic is in relevant.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФАКТОРОВ МОТИВАЦИИ В АПТЕЧНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The article presents the results of a study of the motivation of pharmaceutical personnel as one of the most important factors in increasing labor productivity in pharmacy organizations (JSC). Motivation serves as a personalized guideline that helps the manager identify a list of tools that lead JSC specialists to increase labor productivity. Currently, most of the motivational policy is occupied by material factors and this is insufficient in personnel management. The purpose of this work is to identify the primary motivating factors, as well as to study the opinions of JSC employees on the problems of motivation in the work of pharmaceutical personnel. Questionnaires, including those based on the Internet platform Google Forms, were used as research materials; the following methods were chosen: statistical, mathematical, content analysis, sociological survey, grouping methods. The study was conducted in the period April-May 2023. In the course of the work, the degree of significance of motivational factors was revealed, personnel motivation systems in specific pharmacy chains were analyzed, and the main advantages and disadvantages of existing systems in specific pharmacy chains in Voronezh were established. The material and monetary factor is the leading one, while among the material and non-monetary motivational factors, JSC employees give preference to additional medical insurance and partial payment for vacations. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the motivational system should not be built on one type of incentive. By properly motivating pharmacy workers, the head of the pharmacy can successfully coordinate their professional activities. Knowledge of the motives that influence work allows you to improve personnel management processes, obtain the greatest return on human resources, and, as a result, increase the effectiveness and profitability of the organization.

Features of Engineering Methods of Research Results on Butt Welding on Metal Pipelines

This article discusses the use of flash butt welding (FBW) for increased labor productivity in pipeline construction. However, despite its promise, FBW technologies and equipment have limitations in creating defectfree welded joints. The Ishikawa diagram is used to systematize and analyze factors that cause defects, which are then ranked on a Pareto diagram. The main causes of defects are found to be associated with human factors, such as the qualifications of workers, as well as imperfections in machinery and equipment, material deviations, and technology and measurement limitations. A correlation matrix is used to analyze the causes of the decrease in quality and determine that improving methods and means of FBW processes, along with FBW technologies, is the solution. However, a complete computer model of FBW processes has not yet been created due to difficulties in describing energy release and other energy phenomena. A physical and mathematical model is necessary to take into account energy processes in the welding zone.

Dairy-product complex: features of functioning

The goal is to monitor functioning of dairy product complex, including production, management, marketing and economic aspects, on the basis of which the current state and prospects for its development are considered, problems and possible solutions are identified, optimal options for intensifying production processes are shown to increase their efficiency and improving the quality of dairy products. Methods – statistical collection and analysis of data on volumes, productivity levels, consumer demand, prices for dairy products; economic analysis made it possible to study production component, including the study of costs, profits, structure of expenses and income, factors influencing on profitability and competitiveness of dairy enterprises. By familiarizing with technological schemes of the dairy industry, quality level, living conditions of animals, methods of storage and transportation of milk and dairy products were analyzed, and promising directions of production cycle were assessed. Results - recommendations for the effective use of technologies to increase labor productivity and product competitiveness have been prepared. A study of dairy sector of agriculture, which makes a significant contribution to the country’s economy, made it possible to identify problematic segments: high costs, instability of prices for raw materials and products, as well as insufficient demand in foreign trade. It is recommended to develop a strategy for promoting domestic products and meeting the needs of domestic and foreign markets. Conclusions - regular updating of equipment, constant training of personnel and adaptation to changing market requirements are the key to success in increasing the volume of the dairy industry.