Increase In Wear Rate Research Articles

Mechanical and tribological characterization of Al1070 alloy based self- lubricating metal matrix composites

Lubrication is provided to decrease the friction and wear among the mating parts of machines used in various industrial applications. Lubrications are of different types like solid lubricant, semi-solid lubricant and liquid lubricant etc. Solid lubricants are basically used a places where material which provide lubrication under dry conditions. But the most use lubricants are liquid lubricant that we use in today’s life like organic mineral oils. But, these liquid lubricants can’t survive under extreme loading, temperature and under the places where vacuum is required. Self-lubricating metal matrix composites (SLMMC) have excellent tribomechanical properties and are used in different critical applications such as in aerospace, Engine piston, Engine cylinder, propeller shafts and as bearings materials etc. SLMMC doesn’t have any such requirement and they are normally reinforced with different weight proportions of graphite, silicon carbide and MoS2 etc. In this paper, MoS2 is reinforced in 7.5 % wt with Al1070 base alloy for fabrication of SLMMC using stir casting technique. A Pin on disc machine is used to study the friction, wear and Brinell hardness tester for measurement of hardness, respectively. 25–33 % increase in coefficient of friction (COF) and 37–58 % increase in wear rate (WR) were obtained at higher loading and rotational speed, respectively. 15.38 % improvement in hardness is achieved after reinforcement with 7.5 % MoS2 solid powder. SEM images showed worn regions and wear tracks under different operating environment. Significant improvement in microstructure and wear behavior is observed at lower operating speed of 600 rpm.

Wear properties and microstructural characteristics of mild steel cladded with AISI 316L stainless steel using constant current gas metal arc welding process

The main objective of this study is to investigate the microstructure and wear resistance of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) cladding deposited over mild steel (MS) of grade IS 2062 using constant current (CC-GMAW) gas metal arc welding process. The microstructural features of cladded region were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM). The wear rate of cladded specimens was studied using pin-on-disc method and the morphology of wear surfaces was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microhardness distribution of cladded region was analyzed and correlated to the wear performance of cladded specimens. The results showed that CC-GMAW cladded surface exhibited greater hardness and wear resistance compared to mild steel substrate. The overlay region of CC-GMAW clad showed the evolution of dendritic structure and columnar grains. The CC-GMAW cladding showed martensite laths and widmanstätten ferrite plates microstructure in the HAZ region closer to interface. The wear rate of CC-GMAW cladding increases with increase in load from 1.5 kg to 5.5 kg. It showed 422.85% and 423.58% increase in material weight loss and wear rate at higher loads. The materials weight loss of CC-GMAW cladding increases from 0.0082 g to 0.0517 g with increase in speed from 150 rpm to 550 rpm. The wear rate of CC-GMAW cladding increases from 3.66 × 10-5 g/m to 10.94 × 10-5 g/m with increase in temperature from 27 °C to 200 °C.

Surface Roughness Influence on Tribological Behavior of HiPIMS DLC Coatings

The application of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings in dry machining of difficult-to-machine materials has been gaining popularity due to high inertness, low coefficient of friction (COF), and high hardness of these coatings. Although the effect of surface roughness on the tribological properties of DLC coatings is of paramount importance, usually it is overlooked and coatings performance analysis was accomplished generally on highly polished substrates. The generation of polished surfaces is a time-consuming, labor-intensive process and, in most cases, not feasible for the industry due to its high cost. This article focuses on determining the effect of substrate (cemented carbide, WC-Co) surface roughness on the load-bearing capacity and tribological properties of DLC coatings deposited by High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) in Ne–Ar gas plasma. The DLC films were deposited onto WC-Co substrates with three different surface roughness profiles and their tribological performance were evaluated using a reciprocating tribotest. The high surface roughness resulted in increased wear rate due to high levels of asperities and increased potential for premature delamination of the coatings, while also causing severe damage to the counterbody due to inhibition of transfer film formation.

Microstructure and Wear Performance of CeO2-Modified Micro-Nano Structured WC-CoCr Coatings Sprayed with HVOF

Rare earth elements have been widely utilized in material manufacturing to enhance properties in various ways. In order to obtain the WC-10Co4Cr coating with uniform distribution of rare earths, CeO2-modified powder was prepared by mixing 1 wt.% nano-sized CeO2 during the initial ball-milling of the powder fabrication process. Bare and CeO2-modified WC-10Co4Cr coatings were deposited via high velocity oxygen fuel spraying to investigate the impact of CeO2 modification on the coating’s microstructure, mechanical properties and abrasive wear performance. The results show that the addition of CeO2 increased the interface energy, inhibiting the formation of the Co3W3C phase during the powder sintering process, as well as the W2C phase and CoCr alloy during the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process. This led to a significantly decreased porosity and higher concentration of undissolved Cr-rich areas. The microhardness and fracture toughness of the CeO2-modified coating were 1230 HV0.3 and 5.77 MPam1/2, respectively. The abrasive wear resistance of the CeO2-modified coating was only 70.9% of that of the unmodified coating. Due to the weak cohesive strength between WC and Cr, Cr-rich areas were preferentially removed, resulting in an increased wear rate in the CeO2-modified coating.

EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING ASSESSMENT OF EDGE-LOADED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY POLYETHYLENE LINERS

Non-optimal clinical alignment of components in total hip replacements (THRs) may lead to edge loading of the acetabular cup liner. This has the potential to cause changes to the liner rim not accounted for in standard wear models. A greater understanding of the material behaviours could be beneficial to design and surgical guidance for THR devices. The aim of this research was to combine finite element (FE) modelling and experimental simulation with microstructural assessment to examine material behaviour changes during edge loading.A dynamic deformable FE model, matching the experimental conditions, was created to simulate the stress strain environment within liners. Five liners were tested for 4Mc (million cycles) of standard loading (ISO14242:1) followed by 3Mc of edge loading with dynamic separation (ISO14242:4) in a hip simulator. Microstructural measurements by Raman spectroscopy were taken at unloaded and highly loaded rim locations informed by FE results. Gravimetric and geometric measurements were taken every 1Mc cycles.Under edge loading, peak Mises stress and plastic deformation occur below the surface of the rim during heel strike. After 7Mc, microstructural analysis determined edge loaded regions had an increased crystalline mass fraction compared to unloaded regions (p<0.05). Gravimetric wear rates of 12.5mm3/Mc and 22.3mm3/Mc were measured for standard and edge loading respectively. A liner penetration of 0.37mm was measured after 7Mc.Edge loading led to an increase in gravimetric wear rate indicating a different wear mechanism is occurring. FE and Raman results suggest that changes to material behaviour at the rim could be possible. These methods will now be used to assess more liners and over a larger number of cycles. They have potential to explore the impact of edge loading on different surgical and patient variables.

Tribocorrosion behavior of graphene-based solid lubricants biofunctionalized with hyaluronic acid on CoCr surfaces

In this work graphene-based solid lubricants biofunctionalized with hyaluronic acid were deposited on CoCr surfaces to decrease wear-corrosion phenomena. Graphene oxide was electrochemically reduced on CoCr in an aqueous suspension of graphene oxide 4 g/L by cyclic voltammetry. Biofunctionalization in phosphate buffer solution with HA 3 g/L (PBS-HA) for 24 h was performed. A pin-on-disk tribometer with an integrated cell was used for tribocorrosion tests. Wear-corrosion tests were performed against AISI316 steel balls applying normal load 1 N, 120 rpm for 500 m, in PBS and PBS-HA. Coefficients of friction in PBS were higher than in PBS-HA. ErGO and HA-ErGO increased wear rate in AISI316 balls, i.e., ErGO hardens the CoCr surface. Biofunctionalization reduces abrasive properties of ErGO deposits.

Wear and rolling contact fatigue competition mechanism of different types of rail steels under various slip ratios

This study aims to explore the wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) competition mechanism of the hypoeutectoid, eutectoid rail, and bainitic rail steels under different slip ratios. The results showed a clear competition relationship between wear and RCF of rail steel. With the increase in slip ratio, the wear rate of hypoeutectoid and eutectoid rail steels was increased and then remained stable, and the wear rate of bainitic rail steels was increased. Bainitic rail steels suffered catastrophic wear when the slip ratio exceeded 2%. With the slip ratio increased, the RCF crack propagation rate of the hypoeutectoid rail and eutectoid steels rail increased rapidly at first and then increased slowly. Except for the slip ratio of 5%, the RCF crack propagation rate of the bainitic rail increased with the increase in slip ratio. With the increase in slip ratio, the degree of wear rate increase and crack propagation rate was not consistent, which led to the competition between wear and RCF. The competitive relationship between wear and RCF was reflected in the variation of rail wear form. As the slip ratio increased, the main wear form of the hypoeutectoid and eutectoid rail steels was transformed from adhesive wear to adhesive wear and fatigue wear, whereas for bainitic rail steel, it was changed from adhesive wear to fatigue wear, and finally to adhesive wear. At high slip ratios, the retained austenite of bainite rail steel was seriously broken, so cracks in the bainitic rail steel could easily propagate along the plastic deformation layer.

Wear estimation of hip implants with varying chamfer geometry at the trunnion junction: a finite element analysis

The hip joint helps the upper body to transfer its weight to lower body. Along with age, there are various reasons for the degeneration of the hip joint. The artificial hip implant replaces the degenerated hip. Wear between the joints is the primary cause of the hip implant becoming loose. The wear can occur due to various reasons. Due to this revision surgery are most common in young and active patients. In the design phase of the implant if this is taken care then life expectancy of the implant can be improved. Small design changes can significantly enhance the implant’s life. In this work, elliptical-shaped hip implant stem is designed, and linear wear is estimated at trunnion junction. In this work, a 28 mm diameter femoral head with a 4 mm thick acetabular cup and a 2 mm thick backing cup is used. The top surface taper radiuses are changed. Solid works was used to create the models. Ansys was used to perform the analysis. It was found that as the radius of the TTR decreased, the wear rate decreased. The least wear rate was found in 12/14 mm taper with a value of 1.15E−02 mm year−1 for the first material combination and with a value of 1.23E −02 mm year−1 for the second material combination. In the comparison between the models with 1 mm chamfer and no chamfer, it was found that the wear rate was lower for the models with 1 mm chamfer. When the chamfer was increased (more than 1 mm), the linear wear increased. Wear is the main reason for the loosening of hip implants, which leads to a revision of an implant. It was found that with a decrease in TTR, there was a small increase in the linear wear rate. Overall, the implant with TTR 6 mm and a chamfer of 1 mm was found to have the least wear rate. To validate these results, the implant can be 3D printed and tested on a hip simulator.

Effect of Grain Size on the Tribological Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy

The effect and mechanism of grain sizes on the tribological behavior of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) were studied by friction experiments and wear morphology analysis. Under normal low load and low sliding speed, the primary wear mechanism of the HEA samples is adhesive wear. With the increase in sliding speed, the wear mechanisms of the samples are adhesive wear and oxidation wear. The oxide layer formed under the action of friction heat of the coarse grain (CG) sample is easy to break due to the softening of the CG. With the increase of normal load and sliding speed, the wear mechanisms of the HEA samples are mainly adhesive wear, oxidation wear, and plastic deformation. The oxide layer of CG sample has many cracks, and the worn surface also has plastic deformation, which leads to the increase of friction coefficient and specific wear rate and the decrease of wear resistance. Therefore, the fine grain size HEA sample has better wear resistance than the CG sample due to its high surface strength.

Study on Sliding Wear Characteristics of Tungsten Carbide Particle Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites Under Electrical Contact

Tungsten carbide (WC) particles reinforced copper (Cu) composites (1⁓5 wt.% WC/Cu) were fabricated by a hot-pressed sintering process and their mechanical, electrical properties and sliding wear behaviors were studied. The results show that the relative density and electrical conductivity of the sintered composites decrease whereas the microhardness increase, with increasing the mass fraction of WC reinforcements. During the sliding wear tests without electrical current, the wear rate of the WC/Cu composites decreases with an increase of WC reinforcement mass fraction. The increase in the normal load leads to the increase of wear rate. The wear rate under electrical contact increases with the increase of electrical current density. The dominant wear mechanism under electrical contact sliding conditions is the combination of the abrasive wear and oxidations resulted from electrical currents. The WC/Cu composites are promising electrical contact materials to restrain spark/arc discharge during the electrical contact sliding.

Entropy-TOPSIS appraisal of brake friction linings developed from composite agricultural wastes using optimum manufacturing process parameters

In this study, the optimum process parameters for the manufacture of brake friction linings (BFLs) from palm kernel shells (PKS), periwinkle shells (PWS), and coconut shell (CNS) composites were established using signal–to–noise ratio based on the Taguchi technique. The L9(34) orthogonal array was set up for the investigation of the performance metrics (coefficient of friction, wear rate, and hardness) synergized by multiple criteria evaluation. The manufacturing parameters considered were molding pressure, molding temperature, curing time, and heat treatment time. Consequently, the optimized parameters were utilized for the production of different BFL composites of the PKS/PWS/CNS mix. Finally, entropy and TOPSIS techniques were employed to isolate the best composite for comparative analysis. The results show that the optimum process parameters are 29 MPa (molding pressure), 120 °C (molding temperature), 6 min (curing time), and 2 h (heat treatment time). ANOVA using Minitab 21.1.0.0 shows that the effects of the molding pressure and curing time are statistically significant at α = 0.05, with a total contribution of 94.45%. The entropy-TOPSIS analysis gave sample S2pkpc with a composition of 12% PKS, 15% PWS, and 18% CNS as the best composite. Compared to the asbestos BFL, the composite shows an improvement in friction coefficient (45.7%), wear rate (66%), density (60.2%), and oil and water absorption (233%) (542.8%) respectively. The live test on a Peugeot 301 using S2pkpc BFL confirms the satisfactory performance of the composite. However, an increased wear rate was observed at vehicle speeds above 90 km/h.

Effect of high temperatures on dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of CuCrZr copper alloy

Abstract Dry friction and wear behavior at high temperatures was investigated against an Al2O3 ball in order to characterize the wear rate, coefficient of friction (COF), hardness and thermal friction behavior at different temperatures in the wear-treated zones of the CuCrZr copper alloy. Experiments were fulfilled using a pin-on-disk wear device with the aid of a temperature modulated wear device at room temperature, 100, 200 and 300 °C. The loads applied during wear are given as 3N, 5N and 7N, respectively. In order to examine the morphological structure of the worn surfaces, appropriate samples were prepared and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) device was used. Similarly, EDS (energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry) was applied to worn surfaces to examine the abrasive-material interaction. Against the hardness of the material at 25 °C, the hardness value in measurements at 300 °C showed a small increase. The COF value increased at 100 °C and then decreased, while the wear rate increased significantly as the temperature increased. The temperature increase starting from RT up to 300 °C weakened the internal structure of the CuCrZr alloy and caused an increase in the wear rate. XRD test was used to show the phases that may occur in CuCrZr alloy due to temperature and heat treatment.

Effect of temperature on the tribological characteristics of A356/15 wt.% SiCp functionally graded composites in unidirectional contact

In this paper, preparation of A356-15 wt.% SiC particle reinforced functionally graded metal matrix composite[FGMMC] was done using a vertical centrifugal casting machine and elevated temperature (350 °C) tribological characteristics were reported in unidirectional sliding contact. The operating parameters of tribo pair tested were fixed with a load in the range of 15 N to 45 N under a constant sliding speed of 1 m/s slid through 350 m. The gradient distribution of FGMMC disc was evaluated using optical microscopy. Hardness values were obtained from the Brinell hardness tester and found to be well correlated with the obtained microstructures. Two types of wear and friction test pins were prepared from the disc for the elevated temperature tribo testing, one obtained from the FGM's outer zone, when the particle concentration is at its highest, and another taken from the inner zone, where the matrix concentration is at its highest. According to the wear results, both test pins exhibit an increase in wear rate as the load increases. Furthermore, for all loads, it is found that the test pin from the matrix rich portion has a higher wear rate than the test pin from the particle rich portion. At high temperatures, higher coefficients of friction are seen in the pins of the matrix rich portion, while lower coefficients of friction are observed in the test pins of the particle rich portion. The SEM images reveal that for test pins obtained from matrix rich portions, adhesion and metal flow are the main wear mechanisms, and for test pins taken from particle rich portions, abrasion, delamination and severe plastic deformation. It was observed that the pin tested in the matrix-rich region generates plate-like debris, whereas the pin tested in the particle-rich portion generates powdery-type debris.

The Effect of Powder and Emulsion Binders on the Tribological Properties of Particulate Filled Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites.

Investigations into polymer composites are mainly focused on properties dependent on glass fiber reinforcement and particulate fillers. In the present study, the effect of the binder was examined. The specimens were produced with two types of epoxy resin, with similar numbers of glass mat layers and similar proportions of quartz powder added. However, one group was fabricated with an emulsion binder in the glass mats and another group with a powder binder. Attention was concentrated on the tribological properties of the as-prepared composites, though their strength was examined as well. The hardness of the Sikafloor matrix was found to be much more sensitive to the applied binder than that of the MC-DUR matrix. No direct correlation between the microhardness and the specific wear rate was observed and increasing the particulate filler proportion did not cause a direct increase of the specific wear rate. In particular, the highest specific wear rate, around 350 J/g, was reached for both matrices with a 1% quartz addition when the emulsion binder was applied, while in the case of the powder binder it was with 6% quartz with the MC-DUR matrix, and there was no quartz addition with the Sikafloor matrix. The highest microhardness, HV0.5 = 25, in turn, was reached for the mats with the emulsion binder in the Sikafloor matrix with an addition of 10% quartz powder, while the highest friction coefficient was exhibited in the composite with the MC-DUR matrix, when 1% of the quartz powder and the emulsion binder were applied.

Tribological properties of (Al)10(FeCoNiCu)90 high entropy alloy

ABSTRACT The tribological properties such as ‘specific wear rate’ and ‘coefficient of friction’ (COF) of a new high entropy alloy (HEA) of (Al)10(FeCoNiCu)90 were determined by sliding against the normal loads of 30 and 40 N and compared with that of the high-speed steel (HSS) in this work. The major wear mechanism in the HEA was ploughing due to abrasion. The specific wear rate determined for the HEA at 40 N load is slightly higher (∼7%) than that at 30 N load indicating small increase in wear rate on significant increase in the load. The specific wear rate of the HEA is about five times higher than that of HSS at 30 N load. At 30 N load, after 200 m of sliding, both the wear volume rate and COF decreased continuously for the HEA on increasing the sliding distance due to the presence of sufficient amount of lubricating wear debris.

Advancement in total hip implant: a comprehensive review of mechanics and performance parameters across diverse novelties.

The UK's National Joint Registry (NJR) and the American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR) of 2022 revealed that total hip replacement (THR) is the most common orthopaedic joint procedure. The NJR also noted that 10-20% of hip implants require revision within 1 to 10 years. Most of these revisions are a result of aseptic loosening, dislocation, implant wear, implant fracture, and joint incompatibility, which are all caused by implant geometry disparity. The primary purpose of this review article is to analyze and evaluate the mechanics and performance factors of advancement in hip implants with novel geometries. The existing hip implants can be categorized based on two parts: the hip stem and the joint of the implant. Insufficient stress distribution from implants to the femur can cause stress shielding, bone loss, excessive micromotion, and ultimately, implant aseptic loosening due to inflammation. Researchers are designing hip implants with a porous lattice and functionally graded material (FGM) stems, femur resurfacing, short-stem, and collared stems, all aimed at achieving uniform stress distribution and promoting adequate bone remodeling. Designing hip implants with a porous lattice FGM structure requires maintaining stiffness, strength, isotropy, and bone development potential. Mechanical stability is still an issue with hip implants, femur resurfacing, collared stems, and short stems. Hip implants are being developed with a variety of joint geometries to decrease wear, improve an angular range of motion, and strengthen mechanical stability at the joint interface. Dual mobility and reverse femoral head-liner hip implants reduce the hip joint's dislocation limits. In addition, researchers reveal that femoral headliner joints with unidirectional motion have a lower wear rate than traditional ball-and-socket joints. Based on research findings and gaps, a hypothesis is formulated by the authors proposing a hip implant with a collared stem and porous lattice FGM structure to address stress shielding and micromotion issues. A hypothesis is also formulated by the authors suggesting that the utilization of a spiral or gear-shaped thread with a matched contact point at the tapered joint of a hip implant could be a viable option for reducing wear and enhancing stability. The literature analysis underscores substantial research opportunities in developing a hip implant joint that addresses both dislocation and increased wear rates. Finally, this review explores potential solutions to existing obstacles in developing a better hip implant system.

A comparative study relating machining properties and surface characteristics of Inconel 625 during powder mixed electric discharge machining

In the current study, the machinability during the machining with powder mixed electric discharge machining was studied on Inconel 625 sample along with their surface characteristics. During the machining, separatelythree powders viz. titanium, graphite and silicon carbide were mixed in EDM oil dielectric fluid with a concentration of 4 g/l. The other electric parameters were kept constant. The comparative study was made to study the changes in MRR, surface roughness and tool wear rate. The analysis clearly indicates that. by the addition of titanium, graphite and silicon carbide in the order, the MRR decreases, surface roughness increases and tool wear rate increases. The SEM results of the machined sample indicate that the surface unevenness is increasing with changing of powders. The EDX result of the surface correlated the amount of copper transferred to the surface and the tool wear rate . Like the SEM result, EDX result also indicated the enhancement of the tool wear during the machining of above-said order of the powders.

Microstructure, mechanical and wear characteristics of CeO2-Mg metal matrix composites

In this study, an attempt is made in producing composite materials by reinforcing cerium oxide with magnesium matrix. Very limited research has been carried out by using cerium oxide as a reinforcement through powder metallurgy technique. Hence the effects of reinforcing cerium oxide on microstructure, mechanical and wear properties in magnesium matrix are studied. The weight percentage of the reinforcement is varied by 3, 6, 9 and 12. Microstructural, mechanical properties like density, microhardness and compression strength and wear properties were studied for the fabricated composites. Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibited uniform distribution of cerium oxide and its presence in the matrix, respectively. Line scan mapping was also carried out on the samples to identify the particles present at that particular region in the matrix. The increase in cerium oxide has reduced the density but increased porosity in the composite materials. The microhardness and compressive strength have gradually increased with an increase of reinforcements. The microhardness has increased up to 40% and compressive strength has increased from 83 to 176 MPa for 12% cerium oxide, respectively. The wear resistance has also increased with an increase in reinforcement and a 28% increase in wear rate was inferred. SEM images of the worn surface exhibited good grain refinement of ceramic oxide in the matrix.

Friction and Wear in Nanoscratching of Single Crystals: Effect of Adhesion and Plasticity.

Friction and wear are two main tribological behaviors that are quite different for contact surfaces of distinct properties. Conventional studies generally focus on a specific material (e.g., copper or iron) such that the tribological result is not applicable to the other contact systems. In this paper, using a group of virtual materials characterized by coarse-grained potentials, we studied the effect of interfacial adhesion and material plasticity on friction and wear by scratching a rigid tip over an atomic smooth surface. Due to the combined effects of adhesion and plasticity on the nanoscratch process, the following findings are revealed: (1) For shallow contact where interfacial adhesion dominates friction, both friction coefficient and wear rate increase as the adhesion increases to a critical value. For deep contact where plasticity prevails, the variation of friction coefficient and wear rate is limited as the adhesion varies. (2) For weak and strong interfacial adhesions, the friction coefficient exhibits different dependence on the scratch depth, whereas the wear rate becomes higher as the scratch depth increases. (3) As the material hardness increases, both the friction coefficient and wear rate decrease in shallow and deep contacts.

Temperature dependent sliding wear behaviour of Stellite 6 alloy

The present work investigates the frictional and sliding wear characteristics of cobalt-based alloy, Stellite 6 at room temperature (RT), 150 °C, and 300 °C. Wear tests were performed using a ball on plate reciprocating tribometer with a tungsten carbide ball as a counter surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate worn surface morphology and chemical characteristics, respectively. The wear test results clearly indicate that the specific wear rate increased with increasing temperature. Abrasion, oxidation, and delamination wear mechanisms were observed as predominant at higher temperatures. The formation of CoO and Co3O4 phases were evident from the Raman spectroscopy analysis, which is responsible for the reduction of friction, particularly on the samples tested at elevated temperatures. Formation and removal of the tribo-oxide layers at higher temperatures are responsible for increased wear rate as compared to the sample tested at room temperature. The results demonstrate a strong influence of temperature on the wear and friction characteristics of the alloy.