Increase In Volume Research Articles

TRPV4 and chloride channels mediate volume sensing in trabecular meshwork cells.

Aqueous humor drainage from the anterior eye determines intraocular pressure (IOP) under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Swelling of the trabecular meshwork (TM) alters its flow resistance but the mechanisms that sense and transduce osmotic gradients remain poorly understood. We investigated TM osmotransduction and its role in calcium and chloride homeostasis using molecular analyses, optical imaging, and electrophysiology. Anisosmotic conditions elicited proportional changes in TM cell volume, with swelling, but not shrinking, evoking elevations in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]TM. Hypotonicity-evoked calcium signals were sensitive to HC067047, a selective blocker of TRPV4 channels, whereas the agonist GSK1016790A promoted swelling under isotonic conditions. TRPV4 inhibition partially suppressed hypotonicity-induced volume increases and reduced the magnitude of the swelling-induced membrane current, with a substantial fraction of the swelling-evoked current abrogated by Cl- channel antagonists 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS) and niflumic acid. The transcriptome of volume-sensing chloride channel candidates in primary human was dominated by ANO6 transcripts, with moderate expression of ANO3, ANO7, and ANO10 transcripts and low expression of LTTRC genes that encode constituents of the volume-activated anion channel. Imposition of 190 mosM but not 285 mosM hypotonic gradients increased conventional outflow in mouse eyes. TRPV4-mediated cation influx thus works with Cl- efflux to sense and respond to osmotic stress, potentially contributing to pathological swelling, calcium overload, and intracellular signaling that could exacerbate functional disturbances in inflammatory disease and glaucoma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intraocular pressure is dynamically regulated by the flow of aqueous humor through paracellular passages within the trabecular meshwork (TM). This study shows hypotonic gradients that expand the TM cell volume and reduce the outflow facility in mouse eyes. The swelling-induced current consists of TRPV4 and chloride components, with TRPV4 as a driver of swelling-induced calcium signaling. TRPV4 inhibition reduced swelling, suggesting a novel treatment for trabeculitis and glaucoma.

A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Predicting Intracerebral Hemorrhage Hematoma Expansion Using Head Non-contrast CT Scan

Rationale and ObjectivesHematoma expansion (HE) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a critical factor affecting patient outcomes, yet effective clinical tools for predicting HE are currently lacking. We aim to develop a fully automated framework based on deep learning for predicting HE using only clinical non-contrast CT (NCCT) scans. Materials and MethodsA large retrospective dataset (n=2,484) was collected from 84 centers, while a prospective dataset (n=500) was obtained from 26 additional centers. Baseline NCCT scans and follow-up NCCT scans were conducted within 6 hours and 48 hours from symptom onset, respectively. HE was defined as a volume increase of more than 6 mL on the follow-up NCCT. The retrospective dataset was divided into a training set (n=1,876) and a validation set (n=608) by patient inclusion time. A two-stage framework was trained to predict HE, and its performance was evaluated on both the validation and prospective sets. Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were leveraged. ResultsOur two-stage framework achieved an AUC of 0.760 (95% CI 0.724-0.799) on the retrospective validation set and 0.806 (95% CI 0.750-0.859) on the prospective set, outperforming the commonly used BAT score, which had AUCs of 0.582 and 0.699, respectively. ConclusionOur framework can automatically and robustly identify ICH patients at high risk of HE using admission head NCCT scans, providing more accurate predictions than the BAT score.

Increasing the production of high-quality graphene nanosheet powder: The impact of electromagnetic shielding of the reaction chamber on the TIAGO torch plasma approach

Microwave-induced plasmas (MIPs), and specifically the TIAGO device (Torche à Injection Axiale sur Guide d’Ondes), offer a streamlined, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique for producing high-quality graphene powder in a reaction chamber by a single-step process through ethanol decomposition. To optimize graphene synthesis process, a pivotal move involves minimizing energy dissipation through radiation to maximize the available microwave energy input. Including a metallic shielding around the reaction chamber, essentially creating a Faraday cage, is proposed. The shielding strategy prevents radiation losses and results in a remarkable increase in solid material formation up to 22.8 %. This value, along with the emitted gases proportions and plasma volume increase, shows a correlation with conditions associated with higher input power. Crucially, the shielding of the reaction chamber does not modify graphene growth kinetics in the plasma, as confirmed by Optical Emission Spectroscopy. The synthesized material undergoes a thorough examination, employing diverse techniques like Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. These analyses underscore a consistent quality of graphene, unaffected by the shielding implementation. Therefore, electromagnetic shielding of the TIAGO torch discharge not only leads to a remarkable increase in solid material formation, thus energy yield, but does so without compromising the intrinsic properties and quality of the synthesized graphene.

Regional Aortic Wall Shear Stress Increases over Time in Patients with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve

BackgroundAortic wall shear stress (WSS) is a known predictor of ascending aortic growth in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). The aim of this study was to study regional WSS and changes over time in BAV patients. MethodsBAV patients and age-matched healthy controls underwent 4D flow CMR. Regional, peak systolic ascending aortic WSS, aortic valve function, aortic stiffness measures and aortic dimensions were assessed. In BAV patients, 4D flow CMR was repeated after three years follow-up and both at baseline and follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA) was acquired. Aortic growth (volume increase of ≥5%) was measured on CTA. Regional WSS differences within patients’ aorta and WSS changes over time were analysed using linear mixed-effect models and were associated with clinical parameters. ResultsThirty BAV patients (aged 34 years [IQR 25-41]) were included in the follow-up analysis. Additionally, another 16 BAV patients and 32 healthy controls (aged 33 years [IQR 28-48]) were included for other regional analyses. Magnitude, axial, and circumferential WSS increased over time (all p<0.001) irrespective of aortic growth. The percentage of regions exposed to a magnitude WSS >95th percentile of healthy controls increased from 21% (baseline 506/2400 regions) to 31% (follow-up 734/2400 regions) (p<0.001). WSS angle, a measure of helicity near the aortic wall, decreased during follow-up. Magnitude WSS changes over time were associated with systolic blood pressure, peak aortic valve velocity, aortic valve regurgitation fraction, aortic stiffness indexes, and normalized flow displacement (all p<0.05). ConclusionsAn increase of regional WSS over time was observed in BAV patients, irrespective of aortic growth. The increasing WSSs comprising a larger area of the aorta warrants further research to investigate the possible predictive value for aortic dissection.

Diuresis-led volume replacement strategy in extremely low birth weight infants.

In extremely low birth weight infants, fluid overload has been associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and death. Excessive weight loss may increase the risk of meconium obstruction and intestinal perforation. As these infants display oliguria followed by polyuria, we embarked on a diuresis-led volume replacement strategy as of January 2020. This single-centre analysis presents data of infants <1000 g birth weight surviving for more than 3 days admitted 2017-2019 (n = 217, daily volume increase) versus 2020-2022 (n = 2022, diuresis-led volume replacement). The second cohort had lower gestational age (median [interquartile range]: 253/7 [243/7-264/7] vs. 263/7 [251/7-282/7] weeks), less antenatal steroids (58% vs. 69%), more indomethacin (66% vs. 47%) and higher initial diuresis (5.6 [4.9-6.8] vs. 4.8 [4.2-5.5] mL/kg/h) but did not differ by relative weight loss at Day 7 of life. Employing binary logistic regression with gestational age, antenatal steroids and indomethacin as covariates, the cohorts did not differ by rates of patent ductus arteriosus, abdominal surgery or severe retinopathy of prematurity, while there were significant declines in sepsis (from 32% to 19%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (from 26% to 23%) and mortality (from 13% to 7%). Diuresis-led volume replacement appears to be safe and maybe beneficial.

Altered prefrontal and cerebellar parvalbumin neuron counts are associated with cognitive changes in male rats.

Exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a common anti-seizure medication, in utero is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). People with ASD often display changes in the cerebellum, including volume changes, altered circuitry, and changes in Purkinje cell populations. ASD is also characterized by changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), where excitatory/inhibitory balance is often altered. This study exposed rats to a high dose of VPA during gestation and assessed cognition and anxiety-like behaviors during young adulthood using a set-shifting task and the elevated plus maze. Inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing (PV +) neuron counts were assessed in the mPFC and cerebellar lobules VI and VII (Purkinje cell layers), which are known to modulate cognition. VPA males had increased PV + counts in crus I and II of lobule VII. VPA males also had decreased parvalbumin-expressing neuron counts in the mPFC. It was also found that VPA-exposed rats, regardless of sex, had increased parvalbumin-expressing Purkinje cell counts in lobule VI. In males, this was associated with impaired intra-dimensional shifting on a set-shifting task. Purkinje cell over proliferation may be contributing to the previously observed increase in volume of Lobule VI. These findings suggest that altered inhibitory signaling in cerebellar-frontal circuits may contribute to the cognitive deficits that occur within ASD.

INHART's research landscape: A case study of trends and patterns (2008-2023)

This study thoroughly examines publication trends at INHART from 2008 to 2023, employing quantitative and qualitative methodologies to analyse the institute's thematic evolution and scholarly contributions. Results reveal a significant increase in publication volume and a strategic diversification of research topics over the examined period. In recent years, I have witnessed a focus on addressing complex issues such as "halal risk" and "halal critical points," which is indicative of INHART's responsiveness to emerging challenges in the global halal market. Furthermore, INHART's research trajectory aligns with broader sustainability goals and demonstrates proactive integration of advanced technologies. These findings highlight INHART's significant influence on halal practices and its potential to shape policy-making and societal well-being. The study concludes with recommendations for INHART to continue fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, expanding international partnerships, and prioritising educational initiatives to solidify further its impact in promoting ethical and sustainable practices within the halal industry.

Modification of magnetoelectric properties of thin film composite multiferroics of Fe10Ni90/PVDF type with using nanostructured Fe10Ni90 layer

In this work, we study the effectiveness of using nanostructuring of a magnetostrictive Fe10Ni90 layer in a film composite multiferroic of the [Fe10Ni90/Cu]p/Fe10Ni90/PVDF type in order to obtain the maximum magnetoelectric effect (ME) while maintaining the high magnetosensitivity characteristic of thin Fe10Ni90 films. In this case, such nanostructuring parameters as the number of periods p and the thickness LFeNi of the Fe–Ni sublayers were varied. The analysis of the dependences of the ME coefficient αE on the indicated parameters carried out in this work made it possible to identify the optimal configuration of the multiferroic. Thus, the work shows that in the non-resonant mode the highest ME coupling coefficient (αE = 4.2 V/cm∙Oe) is achieved for a structure with p = 4 and LFeNi = 200 nm in a saturation field of ∼50 Oe, and a close to linear change in αE is realized in the field range 6–15 Oe. At the same time, this structure retains a low coercive field Hc ∼ 4–5 Oe and pronounced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in the film plane. These facts indicate the absence in the magnetic component of the multiferroic structure of an undesirable “supercritical” magnetic state, which appears in unstructured Fe10Ni90 films with equivalent thicknesses of the ferromagnetic layer and sharply worsens its magnetosensitivity. Thus, in the case of a homogeneous magnetic layer, the thickness of which is equivalent to the total thickness of the magnetic phase of a nanostructured multiferroic (1000 nm), a significantly lower value of αE = 1.6 V/cm∙Oe is achieved. The totality of the data obtained indicates the validity of using the nanostructuring method when optimizing the properties of film composite multiferroics. A detailed analysis of the dependences αE(p) and αE (LFeNi) together with the results of computer modeling made it possible to determine the main factors influencing the value of αE. In particular, it is shown that an increase in αE is primarily caused by an increase in the total volume of the magnetostrictive phase in the composite, as well as a weakening of the damping effect of the substrate, which occurs with an increase in the number of periods and the thickness of individual sublayers in the structure.

Securing tomorrow: a comprehensive survey on the synergy of Artificial Intelligence and information security

AbstractThis survey paper explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in information security. Traditional methods, especially rule-based approaches, faced significant challenges in protecting sensitive data from ever-changing cyber threats, particularly with the rapid increase in data volume. This study thoroughly evaluates AI’s application in information security, discussing its strengths and weaknesses. It provides a detailed review of AI’s impact on information security, examining various AI algorithms used in this field, such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, and highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. The study identifies key areas for future AI research in information security, focusing on improving algorithms, strengthening information security, addressing ethical issues, and exploring safety and security-related concerns. It emphasizes significant security risks, including vulnerability to adversarial attacks, and aims to enhance the robustness and reliability of AI systems in protecting sensitive information by proposing solutions for potential threats. The findings aim to benefit cybersecurity professionals and researchers by offering insights into the intricate relationship between AI, information security, and emerging technologies.

The Use of Machine Learning Methods in Political Science: An In-Depth Literature Review

In the past decade, applying machine learning methods in political science has grown in popularity. The increase in data volume and sources motivated researchers to turn to these data-driven methods as an alternative to classical statistics. Several review papers have proposed theoretical typologies for applying machine learning in social sciences. We present an overview of how and why machine learning methods are actually implemented in the field of political science. The aim of this study is to conduct an empirical analysis of the political science literature that uses machine learning as a research method. We applied the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework for systematic review studies to systematically select 339 articles (1990–2022) from Web of Science and Scopus, evaluated their relevance based on a set of inclusion criteria, and created a database with the key characteristics. Overall, we observed that political scientists have embraced machine learning as empirical method based on the increased use in the past 10 years. We found that the use of machine learning is the most prevalent in political communication and conflict and peace studies, and that topic modeling, support vector machine, and random forest are the most used methods. Our results indicate that reporting on optimizing machine learning models through hyperparameter tuning could be more transparent, and researchers should conduct their own benchmarking when choosing the most suitable model.

Mechanism chaotic movement of Leidenfrost droplets

One of the most effective methods for cooling overheated surfaces is drip irrigation. If the surface temperature exceeds the Leidenfrost temperature, then a vapor film is formed between the droplet and the surface, which leads not only to a decrease in heat transfer intensity but also causes droplet mobility. For a number of applications, the mobility of droplets is an undesirable phenomenon, so the analysis of the factors responsible for their movement is a relevant task. Here we analyze the movement mechanism of the Leidenfrost droplets with variations in the composition and volume of the droplets. The data obtained show that the droplet speed increases with an increase in the droplet volume. However, smaller droplets change direction of motion more often than larger droplets. To substantiate the experimental data, a hypothesis is proposed, according to which the mechanism of movement of Leidenfrost droplets is caused by the reactive force that arises due to the evaporation of liquid. A Leidenfrost droplet changes the direction of its movement due to the deformation of its surface under the influence of gravity and capillary force. To substantiate the experimental data a simple phenomenological model is proposed.

10 Cases of Nonresponse to Laser Thermoablation from a Series of 187 Patients: Histological Outcomes after Surgery and Related Evaluations.

Thyroid thermoablative techniques have been developed as an alternative to surgery for the treatment of symptomatic benign nodes, with the advantage of being minimally invasive, repeatable, with a minimal complication rate, and avoiding the perioperative risks and irreversible consequences of surgery. A series of patients undergoing laser thermoablation by the same team of endocrinologists operating in 2 centers from May 2016 to December 2022 is presented. The procedure was performed in patients with compressive symptomatology determined by a thyroid node typed TIR 2, or TIR 3A with rejection of the surgical option. We analyzed cases that required surgery because of persistent compressive symptoms, reduction failure, or increase in volume. From May 2016 to December 2022, 207 thermoablative procedures were performed (187 patients). Single ablative session was unresolved in 28 patients (15%). The proportion of nodes with TIR 3A cytology was significantly higher (21.4 vs 7.0%). In this group, the response in terms of volumetric reduction 6 months after the procedure was significantly lower (5.7% vs 50%). Ten patients (5.3%) underwent surgery, whose histological outcome demonstrated malignancy in 50% of cases. Data show the importance of timely re-evaluation with referral to surgical treatment for patients presenting a less than 20% volume reduction 6 months after thermoablation, in order to ensure promptly effective treatment of misrecognized malignancies.

Effect of dienogest treatment on uterine fibroid volume in patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis complicated by uterine fibroids.

Currently, the use of dienogest in clinical practice has increased significantly, and many studies have focused on its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of endometriosis and adenomyosis; however, the effects of treatment with dienogest on uterine fibroid size in patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis have not been investigated. To explore changes in fibroid size in patients with concomitant uterine fibroids undergoing dienogest treatment for endometriosis or adenomyosis and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the drug. The clinical data of patients with uterine fibroids treated with dienogest for endometriosis or adenomyosis at Peking University First Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The maximum uterine fibroid diameter and volume increased after 3 months, 6 months and 1 year of dienogest treatment compared with those before treatment (P < 0.01). The maximum diameter and volume of the uterine adenomyoma increased after 3 months of dienogest treatment but decreased after 6 months and 1 year of treatment compared with those before treatment, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Endometrial thickness and antigen 125 levels were significantly thinner and decreased, respectively, after dienogest treatment (P < 0.01). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the increase in uterine fibroid volume after 3 months of dienogest treatment was positively correlated with the basic uterine fibroid volume (r = 0.792, P < 0.01). Among 64 patients with dysmenorrhea, 63 experienced significant relief of dysmenorrhea after 6 months of treatment with dienogest, and all patients experienced significant relief of dysmenorrhea after 12 months. Patients were able to tolerate the drugs, with an average drug tolerance score of 8.73. The use of dienogest in patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis combined with uterine fibroids can effectively relieve the patient's pain symptoms and significantly reduce the sizes of ovarian endometriotic cysts, but it cannot inhibit uterine fibroid growth.

Influence of CO2 on asphaltene adsorption dynamics at the Oil-Gas Interface: New insights into precipitation and aggregation processes

To investigate the effect of CO2 on the precipitation of asphaltene in oil, and verify the advantages of CO2 flooding, this work designs interfacial tension experiments and PVT system experiments to create the experimental environment under different temperature and pressure conditions that make CO2 contact with oil. The results indicate that CO2 can affect the oil morphology, and the trend of oil volume increase and decrease depends on the dynamic balance between the expansion effect and the component extraction effect of CO2 on oil. Under low pressure, the oil expansion caused by dissolved CO2 dominates the experiments, increasing the oil volume. Under high pressure, sufficient CO2 in the oil activates its component extraction effect, and the asphaltene in the oil precipitates and accumulates at the interface between the oil and CO2 due to the disruption of the component equilibrium of the system, exerting a surface activity effect, leading to a decrease in oil volume. Due to the movement of asphaltene towards the system interface and the formation of an asphaltene film during this stage, which hinders the entry of CO2 into the oil, the interfacial tension shows three linear decreasing trends with increasing pressure. This mechanism also changes the variation trend of the oil volume in CO2 during the pressure increase. Moreover, the components of the oil extracted by CO2 will be transferred to CO2, making its properties similar to oil. With the reduction of interfacial tension, this process promotes the miscibility between the two. These effects verify that CO2 can improve the fluidity and quality of oil during reservoir development, and reduce or even eliminate the adhesion work required for the working fluid to displace the oil. These conditions are conducive to improving reservoir development efficiency, reflecting the great application value of CO2 flooding.

Pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerosis: Calcification, intraplaque haemorrhage and pulse pressure as key players

PurposeIntraplaque haemorrhage (IPH) is a well-known risk factor for faster plaque progression (volume increase); however, its etiology is unclear. We aimed at determining what other local plaque- and systemic factors contribute to plaque progression and to the development and progression of IPH. MethodsWe examined 98 asymptomatic participants with carotid plaque using serial multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. We measured the percent of wall volume (%WV=100 x [wall volume] / [total vessel volume]) and measured IPH and calcification volumes. We used generalized estimating equations-based regression to analyze predictors of %WV change and new IPH while accounting for covariates (sex, age and statin use), and multiple non-independent observations per participant. ResultsTotal follow-up was 1.8 ± 0.8 years on average. The presence of IPH (β: 0.6 %/y, p = 0.033) and calcification (β: 1.2 %/y, p = 0.028) were each associated with faster plaque progression. New IPH, detected on a subsequent scan in 4 % of arteries that did not initially have IPH, was associated with larger calcification (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6 per 1-SD increase, p = 0.038) and higher pulse pressure (OR: 2.3 per 1-SD increase, p = 0.016). Larger calcification was associated with greater increases in pulse pressure (β: 1.4 mm Hg/y per 1-SD increase, p = 0.040). ConclusionsIPH and calcification are each independently associated with faster plaque progression. The association of carotid calcification to increased pulse pressure and new IPH development suggests a possible mechanism by which calcification drives IPH development and plaque progression.

Left hemiparesis due to space-occupying lesion in pregnancy

HIGHLIGHTS 1. Present a case report detailing the diagnosis and management of a space-occupying lesion identified late in pregnancy.2. Current studies consistently indicate that the optimal period for tumor removal during pregnancy is the second trimester, balancing maternal and fetal outcomes. This case report contributes to the existing literature by providing a practical reference for managing space-occupying lesions in accordance with the latest evidence. ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this study was to present the findings from cases of space-occupying lesions (SOL) that were diagnosed late in pregnancy. This case report aimed to highlight the importance of considering space-occupying lesions as a differential diagnosis in instances of hemiparesis during pregnancy, thereby raising clinical awareness and improving diagnostic accuracy. Case Report: A female patient aged 30 years 34 weeks pregnant came with complaints of slurred speech since 3 months before entering the hospital accompanied by weakness in the left limbs since 3 months before admission. The patient felt weak and fell in the bathroom 2 times, at the office and at home. The patient had a history of taking aspilet for 1.5 months due to a misdiagnosis as a stroke in a Type B hospital and stopped when she came to the obstetric emergency room at a Type A Hospital for the first time. Cardiothoracograph examination shows a picture of a silent baby. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan examination showed a picture of hydrocephalus. Conclusion: To date, it has not been proven that pregnancy triggers brain tumors. However, increased blood supply to the brain during pregnancy may lead to tumor growth. This is also evident in this case where there is an increase in maternal blood volume and subsequent cerebral blood flow, causing an increase in the size of the SOL. On the other hand, there is no evident that brain tumors directly harm the fetus, though fetal hypoxia may occur indirectly due to maternal respiratory failure.

Use of colloids and crystalloids for perioperative clinical infusion management in cardiac surgery patients and postoperative outcomes: a meta-analysis

BackgroundThe optimal fluid management strategy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery was controversial regarding fluid volume and intraoperative fluid types. This study aimed to assess the correlation between colloids and crystalloids used for perioperative fluid therapy in cardiac surgery patients and postoperative prognosis.MethodsThe Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for eligible studies on fluid management strategies using colloids and crystalloids for cardiac surgery patients published before August 25th, 2023.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria. Compared to the use of crystalloids, the use of colloids, including hydroxyethyl starch (HES), albumin, and gelatine, did not show any differences in mortality, transfusion, acute kidney injury, and atrial fibrillation rates, postoperative blood loss, the length of hospital stay, or the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the crystalloid group had significantly reduced postoperative chest tube output compared to the colloid group. In the subgroup analysis, the amount of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infused was significantly lower when using fluid management in the ICU and when using isotonic crystalloids compared to the colloids. In addition, when using fluid management in the ICU, patients in the colloid group had a significant increase in urine volume 24 h after surgery. However, other related factors, including the type of crystalloid solution, type of colloidal solution, and timing of liquid management, did not affect most outcomes.ConclusionBoth colloids and crystalloids could be used as alternatives for perioperative fluid management after cardiac surgery. The use of crystalloids significantly reduced the postoperative chest tube output, and the need for FFP infusion decreased significantly with the use of isotonic crystalloids or fluid management during the ICU stay. ICU patients in the colloid group had higher urine output 24 h after surgery. In addition, although the infusion method was not related to most outcomes, the rates of red blood cell and FFP transfusion and postoperative blood loss in the crystalloid group seemed to be lower, which needed to be further studied in high-quality and large-sample RCTs.Trial registrationPROSPERO, CRD42023415234.

A fusion framework to characterize and evaluate air traffic clusters based on potential field theory

The dramatic increase in flight volume and density has inevitably led to the small-scale clustering of aircraft, presenting significant challenges for air traffic controllers due to the complex interrelationships involved. In order to better characterize the clustering phenomenon and its complexity with massive real-time data, this paper introduces a data-driven fusion framework. This framework incorporates an interdependent network and a novel indicator system based on potential field theory to characterize the interaction and superposition effects within these clusters, encompassing aircraft, airspace waypoints, and air traffic controllers. To further explore the complexity of clusters according to the characteristic indicator system, a deep learning model is employed to identify these cluster scenarios. Training results on these scenarios indicate that the deep learning model, using the GRU-attention model, excels in capturing the complex features of clusters. In practical scenario experiments, the proposed fusion framework integrates the interdependent network, characteristic indicator system, and the GRU-attention model. It has proven effective in characterizing clusters and evaluating their complexities. This not only provides real-time alerts but also supports decision-making for air traffic controllers in challenging situations.

Depleted Housing Elicits Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction After a Single Flaming Eucalyptus Wildfire Smoke Exposure in a Sex-Specific Manner in ApoE Knockout Mice.

Although it is well established that wildfire smoke exposure can increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the combined effects of non-chemical stressors and wildfire smoke remains understudied. Housing is a non-chemical stressor that is a major determinant of cardiovascular health, however, disparities in neighborhood and social status have exacerbated the cardiovascular health gaps within the United States. Further, pre-existing cardiovascular morbidities, such as atherosclerosis, can worsen the response to wildfire smoke exposures. This represents a potentially hazardous interaction between inadequate housing and stress, cardiovascular morbidities, and worsened responses to wildfire smoke exposures. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of enriched (EH) versus depleted (DH) housing on pulmonary and cardiovascular responses to a single flaming eucalyptus wildfire smoke (WS) exposure in male and female apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice, which develop an atherosclerosis-like phenotype. The results of this study show that cardiopulmonary responses to WS exposure occur in a sex-specific manner. EH blunts adverse WS-induced ventilatory responses, specifically an increase in tidal volume (TV), expiratory time (Te), and relaxation time (RT) after a WS exposure, but only in females. EH also blunted an increase in isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and the myocardial performance index (MPI) 1-week after exposures, also only in females. Our results suggest that housing alters the cardiovascular response to a single WS exposure, and that DH might cause increased susceptibility to environmental exposures that manifest in altered ventilation patterns and diastolic dysfunction in a sex-specific manner.

Nurses' Experiences of Internet + Nursing Service Based on Service Quality: A Qualitative Study.

Internet + Nursing Services began operating from 2019 in China. The Internet+Nursing Service offers convenience to patients with limited mobility. As the application gains traction and order volume increases, guaranteeing service quality becomes the next challenge. Nonetheless, there is still a dearth of study on service quality assurance. In order to investigate nurses' experiences in the service process, this study used a qualitative research approach from the perspectives of the nurses. It is intended to serve as a guide for the creation of Internet+ nursing services. Two primary topics emerged from the analysis: Factors influencing service motivation (Getting Returns, Discontent, Concerns) and Experience of the service process (Trust contributes to smooth service delivery, Nurses' competence affects service quality, Correct assessment of whether the service is available or not, Shortcomings existing in the service process).