Increase In Volume Of Water Research Articles

Water volume differentially modifies copepod predatory strengths on two prey types

Predatory interaction strengths are highly context-dependent, and in temporary aquatic ecosystems, may be affected by water volume changes. We examine the influence of water volume on Lovenula raynerae (Copepoda) functional responses towards two temporary pond prey types. Daphnia prey risk was not affected by increasing water volume, whereas for Culex prey risk was reduced. Accordingly, water volume changes through the hydroperiod may have species-specific effects on prey, with implications for population persistence under environmental change.

Effect of Post-Added Water Amount on Pre-Concentrated Bark Foaming Materials by Mechanical Stirring

In this study, pre-concentrated bark, furfuryl alcohol and other biomass raw materials were used to prepare foaming materials by high-speed mechanical stirring without using a foaming agent. We investigated the effect of the postadded water amount on the properties of foaming materials. In particular, we determined basic physical properties of these materials, including the limiting oxygen index (LOI), porosity, thermal conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis, pore size distribution, and microstructure. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the pore size distribution was uniform and the pore size increased with increasing water volume. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG/ DTG) showed that when the temperature reached 410°C, the foam was easily decomposed, the final residual mass was only 2.8%, and water addition had little effect on it. Moreover, the amount of post-added water is 5–30 g, the density and compression strength of the foamed materials gradually decreased, while the degree of pulverization increased. LOI ranged from 26.1% to 30.79%, and porosity ranged from 81% to 83%. The change in water volume greatly affected the foam’s performance, the performance of foamed material deteriorated as the amount of added water increased, but the effect on thermal conductivity was not very obvious. The highest thermal conductivity was only 0.0179 W/(m·K), still providing excellent thermal insulation.

Influence of water spraying on an oscillating channel

The influence of surface hydration on the fluid–structure instability underlying vocal folds auto-oscillation during voiced speech sound production is an open research question. In this work the influence of homogeneous water spraying on an oscillating channel is investigated experimentally using several vocal folds replicas. Changes to glottal flow features are systematically quantified for a rigid replica with forced oscillation. Changes to auto-oscillation features are systematically quantified by analyzing the pressure measured upstream from deformable replicas. During auto-oscillation it is observed for increasing water volume that the first harmonic frequency decreases, its amplitude increases, cycle-to-cycle as well as overall fluctuations increase and the closing-opening asymmetry changes. Nevertheless, the magnitude of these effects differs between deformable replicas so that further systematic investigation is needed to quantify observations as well as to explore underlying mechanisms. Flow tendencies observed on all replicas support that water spraying affects the glottal flow rather then structural properties. This is an important finding for future modeling of the effect of water spraying on the fluid–structure interaction.

Lake water and glacier mass gains in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau observed from multi-sensor remote sensing data: Implication of an enhanced hydrological cycle

Lakes and glaciers are widely distributed in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau. A synchronized examination of lake and glacier mass variations there has not previously been conducted, which has limited the understanding of the lake water balance and the hydrologic cycle in the region. In this study, we comprehensively examine lake area and volume, and glacier mass changes using multi-sensor satellite data. We find that lake expansion in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau was more robust from 1976 to 2018 when compared to other regions of the plateau, especially for the glacier-fed and endorheic lakes. Lake volume changes show that most of the lakes had an increase in water volume, particularly in 2000–2018 with a total water storage gain of ~28.6 Gt. By using high-resolution KH-9 and TanDEM-X data, we observe that the glacier surface elevation of the western Kunlun Mountains had a slight thinning rate of −0.07 ± 0.16 m/yr in 1973–2000, but a positive rate of 0.002 ± 0.003 m/yr in 2000–2018. The heterogeneous pattern of glacier elevation changes between the north (N) and south (S) slopes are revealed, i.e. -0.02 ± 0.01 m/yr (N) against −0.12 ± 0.03 m/yr (S) in 1973–2000 and − 0.05 ± 0.02 m/yr (N) against 0.06 ± 0.02 m/yr (S) in 2000–2018. Overall, the glaciers trend to a stable state (~0.05 m/yr) in both the south slope of the western Kunlun Mountains and Aru Co regions between 2000 and 2018. Similar patterns are also found for basin-wide examinations of lake storage changes (mass gains) and glacier mass budgets (positive or close to stable). The seasonal snow cover area changes, derived from cloud-free MODIS snow cover products, present a variable and insignificant trend between 2003 and 2017. Snow depth derived from passive microwave remote-sensing data, exhibits a decreasing trend between 1979 and 2015, but the water equivalent could contribute only an insignificant amount to the observed lake changes. The lake water gains, and almost positive glacier mass balance imply that the hydrological cycle in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau has become enhanced.

Effect of Dumpsite on Water Quality of Shallow Wells: A Case Study of Nasarawa Town, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Municipal solid waste management has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing environmental protection agencies in developing countries. Water for drinking, cooking and bathing exposes people, especially young children to a wide range of health risks, including diarrheal diseases. This paperis aimed to study the physio-chemical and bacteriological qualities of water samples collected from the wells close to dumpsites in some selected location of Nasarawa Local Government Area, Nasarawa State. From the research, waste dumps which are located indiscriminately in Nasarawa town have strong influence on shallow groundwater samples. The physico-chemical and bacteriological properties of the water samples collected from wells fall short of WHO standard. Also, a significant difference was observed between these parameters value in wet and dry seasons. Heavy metals were also detected in the water samples above the acceptable range as recommended by WHO. Significant difference in value of electrical conductivity between wet season and dry season is attributed to the increase in water volume in the well which reduces the salt concentration. Diseases related to drinking non portable water was the most reported cases in all the clinics visited in Nasarawa Local Government Area and this might be as a result of people of this community drinking from these water sources. It was recommended that shallow well should be well lined likewise located far away from dumpsite and latrine, water from these sources should undergo so level of treatment before consumption.

An optimised eDNA protocol for detecting fish in lentic and lotic freshwaters using a small water volume.

Environmental DNA is increasingly being used for assessing the presence and relative abundance of fish in freshwater, but existing protocols typically rely on filtering large volumes of water which is not always practical. We compared the effects of water volume, filtration type and eDNA extraction procedures in the detection of fish in three freshwater bodies (pond, lake and river) using a short fragment of the 12s rRNA mtDNA gene. Quantification of eDNA capture efficiency after DNA extraction, as well as amplification efficiency, were evaluated by conventional PCR and quantitative PCR. No significant differences on eDNA capture yield were found among freshwater bodies, but increasing water volume had a positive effect on eDNA capture and amplification efficiency. Although highest eDNA capture rates were obtained using 2 L of filtered water, 100 mL syringe filtration in combination with ethanol- sodium acetate precipitation proved to be more practical and increased quantitative PCR amplification efficiency by 6.4%. Our results indicate that such method may be optimal to detect fish species effectively across both lotic and lentic freshwater environments.

Dynamic changes in lakes in the Hoh Xil region before and after the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake

Zonag, Kusai, Hedin Noel and Yanhu Lakes are independent inland lakes in the Hoh Xil region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In September 2011, Zonag Lake burst after the water level had increased for many years. Floods flowed through Kusai and Hedin Noel Lakes into Yanhu Lake; since then, the four small endorheic catchments merged into one larger catchment. This hydrological process caused the rapid shrinkage of Zonag Lake and continuous expansion of Yanhu Lake. In this study, based on satellite images, meteorological data and field investigations, we examined the dynamic changes in the four lakes and analyzed the influencing factors. The results showed that before 2011, the trends in the four lake areas were similar and displayed several stages. The change in the area of Zonag Lake corresponded well to the change in annual precipitation (AP), but the magnitude of the change was less than that of a non-glacier-fed lake. Although increased precipitation was the dominant factor that caused Zonag Lake to expand, increased glacier melting and permafrost thawing due to climate warming also had significant effects. After the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake, due to the increasing AP and accelerating glacier melting, the increases in water volume of the three lakes were absorbed by Yanhu Lake, and Yanhu Lake expanded considerably. According to the rapid growth rates in water level and lake area, Yanhu Lake is likely to burst in 1–2 years.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Cu-Cu2o Composite Layers and Its Catalytic Properties Towards Ethylene Generation

Recently a number of articles concerning subjects related to limitation of greenhouse gasses emission or neutralization of greenhouse gasses present in atmosphere significantly increased. Global warming negatively influences on non-failure operation of ecosystem and due to glaciers melting resulting in water volume increase causing raising of water level in seas and oceans. Large number of negative factors resulting from global warming effect creating necessity of performance of intensified investigations going to development of technologies enabling limitation of emission or neutralization of greenhouses gasses through its conversion to chemical compounds which can be applied in synthesis of other useful chemical compounds or functional materials. Other important problem beyond limitation of CO2 amount in atmosphere is related to possibilities of its conversion to chemical compounds which can be used as energy carriers. It creates possibilities for its applications in renewable energy storage oriented systems. The proposed project is focused on photoelectrochemical conversion of one of main greenhouse gas, CO2 to ethylene. The main scientific objective of performed studies was the development of methodology for electrochemical synthesis of binary composite Cu-Cu2O material. Copper is the only metal that exhibits very high selectivity for electrochemical conversion of CO2 to ethylene (1). Ren et al. observed similar effect in case of p-type Cu2O (2). Reported effects allow assumption that combination of both materials can be great solution in the frame of light supported electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Authors describe optimization of electrochemical synthesis process towards synthesis of composite coatings of wide composition range. Synthesis conditions were investigated starting from the thermodynamic analysis of the electrolyte. Conditions for synthesis were determined based on the results of voltammetric tests and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance analyses. Synthesized coatings were characterized towards their composition, structure, morphology and catalytic properties towards electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. References Y. Kwon, Y. Lum, E. L. Clark, J. W. Ager and A. T. Bell, ChemElectroChem, 3, 1012 (2016).D. Ren, Y. Deng, A. D. Handoko, C. S. Chen, S. Malkhandi and B. S. Yeo, ACS Catalysis, 5, 2814 (2015).P. D. Tran, S. K. Batabyal, S. S. Pramana, J. Barber, L. H. Wong and S. C. J. Loo, Nanoscale, 4, 3875 (2012).

Morphological response of Lingding Bay in the Pearl River Estuary to human intervention in recent decades

The evolution of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in China has been intensely disturbed by diverse human activities in recent decades. In this study, the morphological changes of Lingding Bay in the PRE, consisting of three shoals (West, Middle, and East Shoals) and two channels (West and East Channels), in response to human activities since the 1970s were examined. From 1974 to 1985, the subaqueous delta was dominated by siltation, with siltation in the West and Middle Shoals but erosion in the East Shoal and West Channel. From 1985 to 1999, the subaqueous delta was eroded with increasing water volume of 347.9 × 106 m3, resulting from the combined influences of land reclamation and channel dredging. In addition, water area in the Lingding Bay reduced by 8.0% in 1999 compared with that in 1985. From 1999 to 2011, the water area continued to decrease and water volume still increased, indicating the subaqueous delta was narrowed and deepened. And the Middle Shoal was dominated by siltation, but other geomorphic units were eroded. Furthermore, the subaqueous delta in inner and outer Lingding Bay switched from siltation to erosion and from erosion to siltation during this period compared with the previous period of 1985–1999, respectively. Such phenomenon revealed that the sediment sink had evolved towards outer Lingding Bay (i.e., southern subaqueous delta) during this period. Our study has important implications for understanding the individual and combined effects of human activities on the evolution mode of PRE and provides scientific guidelines for the sustainable managements in the PRE.

Effective depth controls the nitrate removal rates in a water supply reservoir with a high nitrate load

The Occoquan Reservoir is part of an indirect potable reuse system where a water reclamation plant (WRP) discharges a nitrified product water to prevent the onset of anaerobic conditions in the bottom sediments during the summer months. The elongated narrow shape of the reservoir combined with water temperature gradients in the inlet results in density currents that enhance the transport of nitrate from the surface to the bottom waters. The morphology of the reservoir also causes a longitudinal change in the ratio of water volume to sediment area, herein defined as the effective depth (ZED). Field observations revealed that first-order nitrate removal rate coefficients (k) varied inversely with ZED, suggesting that the upper reaches of the reservoir have a higher potential for nitrate removal compared to the areas closer to the dam. A similar relationship between k (d−1) and ZED was confirmed during laboratory experiments. Differences in k values were attributed mainly to the change in the nitrate supply rate as a result of the increase in water volume flowing over a specific sediment area, which limited nitrate transport to the sediments. The low variability found between the mass transfer coefficients for nitrate (Coefficient of Variation = 0.25) suggested a nearly constant biotic nitrogen removal and confirmed that k values were mainly affected by changes in ZED. Finally, similarities in k values between field and laboratory samples with similar ZED values suggested that different segments of natural systems may be properly downscaled to laboratory-sized configurations for analytical purposes by means of the ZED concept.

High Water Content Prediction of Oil-Water Emulsions Based on Terahertz Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-like Metamaterial.

This work aims to investigate the electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) metamaterial for high water cut emulsions’ detection in the terahertz band. The electromagnetic responses of the selected metamaterial covering emulsions exhibit red-shifted resonant frequency with increasing water volume from 60 to 98%. Three numerical models coinciding with theory analysis were built based on the extracted resonant frequencies at the transmission peak and dips to predict water concentration. The results show that the built models accurately predicted the water content with absolute errors less than 0.26, 0.41, and 0.24%, respectively. The EIT-like resonance is introduced by coupled bright and dark modes, making it similar to a weakened plasma resonance. Consequently, the permittivity-dependent frequency would help develop both economically feasible and socially beneficial sensors for high water content prediction.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST IN Melanoxylon brauna SCHOTT. SEEDS (FABACEAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE)

The electrical conductivity test is a simple and rapid method for evaluating seed vigor. The aim of the present study was to optimize the electrical conductivity test for assessing the vigor of Melanoxylon brauna seeds by investigating the effects of seed number (25, 50, or 75), water volume (25, 50, or 75 mL), and soaking duration (24, 48, or 72 h). The seeds belonged to two lots (I and II) that were collected in 2010 and 2012, respectively, and were incubated in a germination chamber at 25 ºC. Electrical conductivity was determined using a conductivity meter Micronal model B220. The Lot II seeds performed better, in terms of vigor and germination, than the Lot I seeds, regardless of other parameters. In addition, electrical conductivity decreased with increasing water volume and soaking duration, regardless of seed lot. In order to most effectively evaluate the physiological quality of M. brauna seed lots, the electrical conductivity test should be performed using 50 seeds, 50 mL of water, and a 48-h soaking period.

Creation of robust cupric stearate coated liquid marbles for droplet manipulations

Liquid marbles which can be created by encapsulating water droplets using superhydrophobic powders have attracted extensive attention for their various promising application prospects. Cupric stearate coated liquid marbles was created by encapsulating water droplet using cupric stearate powders in a droplet rolling process. Hierarchies of robustness have been constructed which showed that the cupric stearate coated liquid marbles survived on surfaces with different wettabilities and could keep intact after impact, manipulation, transportation and mechanical compression. To evaluate robustness of the liquid marbles in manipulation processes, the mass of superhydrophobic powders per unit area on the surface of liquid marbles (powder surface density) was investigated. Powder surface density was decreased with the increase of water volume in the liquid marble. Moreover, water volume of the liquid marble was adjusted in situ, and the critical powder surface density was obtained via increasing or decreasing water volume of the liquid marble. By analyzing the critical surface density upon rupture or collapse of the liquid marble, the dependence of the critical surface density on the water volume of the liquid marble was predicted, which agrees well with experimental results.

Dynamic and steady state performance model of fire tube boilers with different turn boxes

The market for fire tube boilers is increasingly demanding custom designs from the manufacturers. For these new designs, a comprehensive thermal model is needed. In this article, both a steady state and dynamic thermal model is developed based on the plug flow furnace model with general experimental correlations. The steady state model allows optimizing (i.e. safely downsizing) boiler designs. This model has been verified with measurement reports. The dynamic model is used to estimate the peak load capability of a boiler. In the presented case, the fire tube boiler can produce up to 2.5 times the nominal steam flow rate for a period of 10 min. Special attention has been paid to the turn boxes and their specific placement, which other models in literature neglect. The efficiency penalty of a non-submerged turn box can reach up to 12% but can be reduced significantly by insulation. Turn boxes also affect peak load capability. If the total length of the boiler is constant, submerging the turn box has a positive effect on the peak load capability. This effect is mostly attributed to the increased water volume. Finally, the article includes a comparison between the plug flow furnace model the ε-NTU method and the ε-NTU method with inclusion of radiation to model the tube passes. The ε-NTU method with inclusion of radiation allows to significantly reduce the necessary number of control volumes without reduction in the model accuracy.

Effect of forest thinning on hydrologic nitrate exports from a N-saturated plantation

Although several studies have assessed the effects of thinning on water quality, including nitrogen (N) exports, few have examined N-saturated plantations. This study assessed the short-term effect of thinning on N exports from a N-saturated plantation forest in northern Kyushu, western Japan, that was thinned (43% of basal area) during January–March 2012. Water levels at the gauging station were continually measured, and stream-water baseflow and stormflow samples were collected before (2011) and after (2013) forest thinning. Annual precipitation before (2469 mm) and after (2418 mm) forest thinning differed little, and annual water discharge after thinning (1641 mm) was similar to that before thinning (1609 mm). However, direct flow during stormflow periods was higher after thinning (260 mm) than before (153 mm). The concentrations of major ions in stream water did not differ before and after thinning. As a result, the high annual dissolved inorganic N (DIN) exports differed little before (35.8 kg N ha−1 a−1) and after (36.5 kg N ha−1 a−1) forest thinning. DIN exports during stormflow periods were slightly higher after (12.2 kg N ha−1 a−1) than before thinning (10.5 kg N ha−1 a−1) and were proportional to the increased direct flow after thinning (561 mm after vs. 470 mm before thinning). We concluded that thinning does not affect annual N exports from the N-saturated plantation forest, but it can increase the proportion of N exported during stormflow periods in proportion to increased water volume of direct flow after thinning.

Production of Brachiaria decumbens Grass at Various Levels of Drought Stress Treatment

This study aims to determine effects of production of Brachiaria decumbens grass on different drought stress treatments. Research was conducted at the Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture University of North Sumatera from Desember 2016 until April 2017. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with three treatments and seven replications. The treatment consisted of three levels of drought stress which were control (100% field capacity=fc), medium drought stress (25% fc), and heavy drought stress (50% fc). The variable were fresh weight production, dry weight production and plant height. The results showed that drought stress treatment control (100% fc) significantly (P<0,05) affect fresh weight production, dry weight production, but not plant height. It is concluded that increasing water volume of field capacity increase production Brachiaria decumbens grass.

Glacial lakes of the Central and Patagonian Andes

Abstract The prevalence and increased frequency of high-magnitude Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Chilean and Argentinean Andes suggests this region will be prone to similar events in the future as glaciers continue to retreat and thin under a warming climate. Despite this situation, monitoring of glacial lake development in this region has been limited, with past investigations only covering relatively small regions of Patagonia. This study presents new glacial lake inventories for 1986, 2000 and 2016, covering the Central Andes, Northern Patagonia and Southern Patagonia. Our aim was to characterise the physical attributes, spatial distribution and temporal development of glacial lakes in these three sub-regions using Landsat satellite imagery and image datasets available in Google Earth and Bing Maps. Glacial lake water volume was also estimated using an empirical area-volume scaling approach. Results reveal that glacial lakes across the study area have increased in number (43%) and areal extent (7%) between 1986 and 2016. Such changes equate to a glacial lake water volume increase of 65 km3 during the 30-year observation period. However, glacial lake growth and emergence was shown to vary sub-regionally according to localised topography, meteorology, climate change, rate of glacier change and the availability of low gradient ice areas. These and other factors are likely to influence the occurrence of GLOFs in the future. This analysis represents the first large-scale census of glacial lakes in Chile and Argentina and will allow for a better understanding of lake development in this region, as well as, providing a basis for future GLOF risk assessments.

THE INFLUENCE OF VARYING COMPOSITION OF SOIL SAMPLES ON WATER FLOW RATE (2MM SHARP SAND 1MM MEDIUM SAND)

Two different soil samples (sharp and medium) sand of (100% sharp to 0% medium) and (0% sharp to 100% medium) sand were used for this research work and gotten from a sand dredging site at Amassoma community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. These soil samples were heated differently in an oven to a temperature of 120oc to remove moisture and allowed to cool to room temperature of 30oc. The soil samples were sieved with suitable sieves of about 1mm for medium sand and 2mm for sharp sand respective. Mixtures were then grouped into seven (7) groups with different percentages by weight in this order (100% sharp to 0% medium), (80% sharp to 20% medium) down to (0% sharp to 100% medium). Each soil samples were poured into a transparent P.V.C. pipe with a sieve attached at the bottom of the pipe. 800ml of water was allowed to flow through these soil samples and the time of first drop was timed (Tf), using a stop watch. Volume of water received (Vrc) and volume of water retained (Vrd) were determined using a measuring cylinder. Also, the average flow rate (Uav) was obtained. The results from this experimental work shows that water flows through different soil samples at different flow rate as indicated in (fig.1 to fig.7.). Figure 2 shows an increase in volume of water with respect to time. As the percentage of medium sand increases (thereby leading to a decrease in the pore spaces), the volume of water retained and time of first drop increased as well as shown in (fig.3 to fig.7). Figure 8 shows an Histogram indicating a marginal difference between the flow rate in the dry and wet soil samples. The marginal difference between the wet and dry curve is most significant at the percentage composition of sample (60% sharp and 40% medium sand).

Study of Changes of Trophic Status of the Kuchurganske Reservoir in 2006-2018

Purpose. Assessment of the trophic status of water in the Kuchurganske Reservoir in 2006-2018. Methods. Determination of hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the water body's environment has been done using standard methodologies. Four indicators of water eutrophication have been used: chlorophyll a concentration, bacterioplankton number, trophic indices TSI and TRIX. Results. Features of physicochemical characteristics of water in the water-body have been analysed. Higher water temperature has been registered in the middle and lower parts of the water-body compared with its upper reaches. Mineral content increase in water has been found in the direction from lower to upper part; the critical for hydrobionts life decrease of oxygen concentration has been registered in the upper reaches the most often. Analysis of long-term changes in chlorophyll a and bacterioplankton has been carried out. Statistical interconnections have been established between trophic state indicators and physicochemical characteristics of the reservoir. A close positive correlation has been registered between chlorophyll а content and bacterioplankton number, which is caused by the functional dependence of bacteria on the organic matter produced by phytoplankton. It has been shown that with an increase of water volume in the reservoir the value of these indicators of trophic status went down, which was proved by close negative correlation dependence between those values and the depth of water-body. It was demonstrated for the first time that water transparency revealed close significant negative correlation with all the indices and indicators of water trophic status, which evidenced the possibility to use the transparency as a simple indicator of water trophic state as established that the Kuchurganske Reservoir’s trophic status assessment on chlorophyll a, bacterioplankton and the TSI trophic index practically coincided and evidenced the increase in trophic status of the water-body from eutrophic to hypertrophic in last 2016-2018. The reservoir’s upper reaches were characterized by higher water trophicity compared with the central and lower parts. The values of TRIX trophic index developed for marine water assessment had practically always been showing higher trophic status compared to other indicators.

L'intermittenza delle sorgenti del Torbidone nella Piana di Norcia: analisi delle fonti storiche a partire dal XIV secolo

In the Norcia plain (Umbria, Central Italy) the springs of Torbidone are characterized by a peculiar behavior, i.e. the periodical appearing and vanishing for years. The reasons of this peculiarity are not yet well defined.In the popular opinion, the springs has a periodicity of 7 years, at least until 1859 afterward the Norcia earthquake that was described in detail by Father Angelo Secchi, when started a more detailed collection of hydrologic data.Many authors described the prodigious of this springs and their periodically appearance. The first citations was in the half of XIV century by Fazio degli Uberti, that in his Dittamondo wrote about the seven years periodicity of the springs.Hereafter, many authors deal with this argument, whether by a scientific or juridical point of view.In recent time, some established a correlation between the seismicity of this part of the Central Apennine and these extraordinary springs; without a doubt, they re-appeared after the extremely intense seismic period that shaked this area in the August - October 2016. In fact, after these events the springs resurfaced again with a very high flow rate of about 1,500 l/s draining the Sibillini Mounts reservoir feed by the Castelluccio Plain hydrogeologic system.The springs disappeared after the 1979 Valnerina earthquake, evoking the correlation between the water flow and seismicity. To limit the increased water volume has been necessary to reshape the original fluvial bed reworked, over the time, by agriculture.This event highlight how the anthropization processes often forget the occurrence of natural events, even if they have short return times or a regular periodic.It is so necessary to understand that the historical research on the original bibliographic sources is essential to reconstruct in the right way the natural events effect, above all for those having a recurrent character.