The papers research object is the relationship between urbanization rate and carbon emissions, analysis it using the theory of cointegration The result is shown, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between urbanization rate and carbon emissions in Chongqing, carbon emissions is 2.36 times the increase of urbanization rate. Therefore, the view that high urbanization level is an important sign to weigh industrialization and modernization level of one city and one region is not appropriate.