Increase In Tourist Arrivals Research Articles

MODEL STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA YANG BERBASIS KOMUNITAS LOKAL: KASUS DI KOTA PADANG PANJANG

This paper discusses the Impact of Development of MIFAN, Padang Panjang to the socio-economic life of the community. This paper departs from the rising number of tourists coming to the Serambi Mekkah City, since the city to build an object Family Tourism namely MIFAN Waterpark. With the increase in tourist arrivals to Padang Panjang, namely attractions water and dry objects

The Impact of Long Haul Destinations on Carbon Emissions: The Case of Mauritius

With the continual increase in tourism and travel activities globally, there are serious allegations that the industry is significantly contributing towards climate change through its impact on CO2 emissions. There are, to date, no empirical studies investigating the relation between tourism development and carbon emissions, which are debated to cause climatic changes. This article studies the impact that tourism and travel has on climate change for the case of Mauritius, a long-haul tourist destination. Assessing climatic change requires a significant amount of data over time. However, in the short term, the impact and contribution of tourism and travel-related activities on CO2 emissions can be assessed given that time series data are available. Using an autoregressive distributive lag approach, we specifically examine the dynamic relationship between tourism activities and carbon dioxide emissions as a proxy of environmental degradation using data from the period 1978–2011. The estimated long-run and short-run parameters revealed that an increase in tourist arrivals has significantly and positively affected CO2 emissions. This implies that the tourism and travel industry will have to adopt cleaner technologies to reduce CO2 emissions to avoid climatic changes.

Editors’ Summary

Editors’ Summary Raquel Bernal, Marcela Eslava, Ugo Panizza, and Roberto Rigobón This issue of Economía consists of four papers. The first looks into the future and asks what will happen to tourism in the Caribbean region when tourists from the United States are allowed to travel freely to Cuba. The second and third papers focus on labor markets and study the drivers of part-time compensation for female workers in Chile and gender differences in promotion within Brazilian manufacturing firms, respectively. The last paper discusses financial globalization and emphasizes the importance of appropriately measuring this phenomenon. In the first paper, Rafael Romeu raises the interesting question of how the opening up of travel between Cuba and the United States will affect the Caribbean tourism industry. Romeu uses a gravity model to estimate the impact that travel restrictions have had on travel to Cuba and other Caribbean destinations. He then uses a counterfactual estimation to assess the likely impact of lifting those restrictions. Results suggest a major increase in U.S. travel to Cuba after the ban is lifted, with the consequence of less U.S. tourism to other destinations in the region. Although this implies a major economic loss to those neighboring countries, the negative impact is likely to be mitigated by a shift to other Caribbean destinations of tourists from other origins currently traveling to Cuba. The resulting long-term overall increase in tourist arrivals to the Caribbean is estimated at roughly 4 percent. This large expanded demand represents an opportunity for other Caribbean destinations to substitute for the implicit protection they have been deriving from the restriction. In his comments on the paper, Lorenzo Perez points at two potential channels of impact ignored in the methodology: a possible expansion of total U.S. demand for travel to the Caribbean from tourists seeking more than scenic beaches, and the fact that Cuba may not be competitive in the quality of its infrastructure and services to tourists. In the second paper in this issue, Andrea Bentancor and Virginia Robano study the part-time wage premium for females in Chile. The country exhibits one of the lowest rates of female labor-force participation in the region, [End Page vii] and part-time jobs are seen as a potential way to deal with women’s reluctance to participate. The authors find that part-time jobs are indeed associated with higher hourly earnings, but that once selection and other sources of endogeneity are accounted for, the part-time premium disappears and can even become negative for women with formal jobs and for dependent workers. Results presented in this paper raise questions about the extent to which part-time jobs are a plausible alternative for Chilean women. The third paper in this issue, by Danilo Coelho, Marcelo Fernandes, and Miguel Foguel, explores gender differences in promotion in Brazilian manufacturing firms. The authors take an innovative step in the study of widely documented gender differences in promotion by analyzing differences between domestic and foreign-owned firms. Their findings indicate that though high-end career promotions and wage increases in large manufacturing firms in Brazil are indeed less likely for women than for men, this pattern is driven by domestic firms. Based on this finding, the authors conclude that ambitious, career-minded women tend to self-select into highly competitive jobs at multinationals, whereas other women are more likely to take jobs at domestic firms, which offer greater flexibility at the expense of greater opportunities for career advancement. In his comments on the paper, Renos Vakis praises the authors for the innovative and informative twist in their study of gender differences, but he warns the reader against taking these findings as a general feature of the labor market, given the focus of the study on the specific segment of large manufacturing firms. In the final paper of this issue, Eduardo Levy Yeyati and Tomas Williams argue that standard measures of financial globalization are biased and lead to an overestimation of its extent and impact. By assessing the evolution of financial globalization in emerging markets using alternative measures, the authors show that over the past ten years financial globalization has expanded only marginally. They also...

Estimating the tourism potential in Namibia

This paper investigates the determinants of tourism in Namibia for the period 1996 to 2012. The results indicate that an increase in trading partners’ income, depreciation of the exchange rate, improvement in Namibia’s infrastructure, sharing a border with Namibia are associated with an increase in tourist arrivals. Governance indicators such as rule of law, political stability and no violence are also associated with an increase in tourist arrivals to Namibia. The results show that there is unexploited tourism potential from Angola, Austria, Botswana, Germany and South Africa. This suggests that it is important to exploit the tourism potential as this would help to accelerate economic growth and generate the much needed employment

The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals

While a mega-sport event is scheduled at least once every year somewhere in the world, these events are rare occurrences for the host cities and countries. The benefits of such events seem lucrative; the very fact that many countries bid to host these events suggests that the benefits – be they tangible or intangible – more often than not outweigh the costs. Using a standard gravity model of bilateral tourism flows between 200 countries from 1995 to 2006, this paper measures a very direct benefit of such mega-events: the increase in tourist arrivals to the host country. In general, the results suggest that mega-sport events promote tourism but the gain varies depending on the type of mega-event, the participating countries and whether the event is held during the peak season or off-season.

South African Mega-sport Events and Their Impact on Tourism

The 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup, one of the largest mega-sport events in the world, has stirred renewed interest in the benefits that a host country can derive from such events. While most predict a large increase in the number of tourist arrivals in South Africa during the event, recent international literature suggests that ex ante studies are often too optimistic. South Africa has played host to numerous mega-events since 1994. Using a time-series lagged regression model, we identify the increases in tourism numbers experienced for most such events, controlling for a number of variables, which are standard to the prediction of tourism flows. Smaller events, especially those held during the summer months, show little increase in tourist arrivals. We disaggregate tourism arrivals to show that, as expected, the number of tourists from participating countries tends to increase the most. Contrary to the findings revealed in the international literature, we find little evidence of between-country displacement. This lack of evidence may be as a result of off-season scheduling or because the relative size of such events reflects neither that of the FIFA World Cup nor that of the Olympic Games.

Determinants of Inbound Tourism to South Africa

South Africa has experienced a significant increase in tourist arrivals over the past ten years. The challenge is to sustain this growth and therefore it is important to understand the factors that influence inbound tourism to South Africa. The purpose of this article is to identify the various determinants of inbound tourism to South Africa from different source markets (categorized in continents). Time series quarterly data from 1993 to 2004 is used in the analysis of tourist arrivals. Cointegration analysis in a multivariate framework is used and the authors find that income, relative prices and travel cost are strong determinants of tourist arrivals (as with other destinations). They also find that climate and capacity play significant roles.

Policy and planning of tourism product development in Thailand: A proposed model

This paper describes the growth rate of tourism industry in Thailand, one of the countries in the Asia-Pacific region that successfully became the top foreign currency earner compared to other industrial sectors in 2002. But revenues received from the industry in dollar terms were decreasing as opposed to baht terms. Thailand generates less revenue per tourist than leading competitors and has been unable to increase the revenue per tourist over time. The major factors that contributed to the increase of tourist arrivals to Thailand were aggressive tourism promotions and mass marketing. We did not pay much attention to the creation of value added tourism products to gain more revenue. A strategic management approach was adopted as a guideline for tourism planning, and implementation of tourism products in Thailand. Under the strategic management concept, examples of external environment factors were indicated as sources of opportunities and threats for Thai tourism policy and planning. Globalization and the development of transportation and communications have changed the rules of the game from comparative advantages in natural resources to tourism product. To create added value for the customers or tourists, tourism products are associated with ideas, with knowledge, innovation and the creativity of frontline staff who have direct contact with tourists. A model of tourism planning and implementation of tourism product in Thailand was proposed to exhibit demand factors in the middle. Marketing, transportation and communication play a linking role with five groups of supply factors. A model for strategic implementation of tourism product in Thailand was also proposed by putting the focal point of tourism education and training institutions as a catalyst and co-ordinating roles of all stakeholders in the region or destinations.