Increasing Slope Angle Research Articles

Study on hydrodynamic characteristics of the disk-shaped autonomous underwater helicopter over sea-beds

In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Autonomous Underwater Helicopter surging near the seabed are studied by numerical simulation and experiment. The influence from the cruising velocity, altitudes as well as the inclination angle of the seabed are considered. For the condition of flat seabed, the simulation shows that the seafloor mainly affects the flow field at the bottom and rear part of the AUH, which changes the pressure resistance, and consequently affects the total resistance. In addition, bulges at the top and bottom of the AUH are the cause of the abnormal lift force. For the condition of sloping seabed, at the same surging velocity and cruising height, the resistance of AUH is more than twice of the one over flat seabed, and the irregular eddy current intensity at the tail of AUH increases with the increasing slope angle. The hydrodynamic performance from simulation agrees with the findings from the water-channel experiment with the adoption of a scaled model of the vessel. It is further discovered that hydrodynamic characteristics of AUH change more obviously with the angle of attack when it is more close to the seabed. Therefore, the hydrodynamic performance of AUH near the sloping seabed can be improved by adjusting the angle of attack.

Atomistic study of nano-cutting bicrystal cubic silicon carbide

To solve problems of low machining efficiency and surface/subsurface damage of silicon carbide (SiC), mechanisms of material dislodging and subsurface destruction of bicrystal SiC under nano-cutting were studied by using three-dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. Effects of grain boundary (GB) tilt angle and cutting speed on stress, hydrostatic pressure, cutting force, temperature, and subsurface damage depth were analyzed. Results show that GB slope angle has important influence on the spread of strain, hydrostatic stress, and temperature, especially on subsurface damage depth. Specifically, with the increase in GB slope angle, subsurface damage layer decreases, and machined surface morphology improves. The machinability of small GB angle is better than the large GB angle, and the model with grain boundary angle of 4.24° has the best machinability. It is also found that with the increase in cutting velocity, the temperature increases, whereas cutting force and friction coefficient are reduced, which indicates that the increase in cutting velocity can effectively improve surface machined morphology. The research results provide a theoretical reference for future experimental research.

Peak uplift resistance of offshore slender structures shallowly buried in the sloping seabed considering wave actions

The current practice for the pipe-soil interaction mainly focuses on the pipelines which are buried in the level ground, and ocean waves are rarely considered. However, sloping topographies and wave actions are often encountered by offshore slender structures. This study numerically investigated their peak uplift resistances, taking multiple factors, i.e., the slope effect and wave effect, into account simultaneously. The numerical model was first verified by the available analytical and experimental results. It was found that the normalized peak uplift resistance decreases as the slope angle increases, especially for smaller burial ratios. The presence of wave troughs weakens the traditional peak uplift resistance. For the given burial ratio and slope angle, the reduction in the peak uplift resistance increases almost linearly with the local wave steepness. For steeper slopes and smaller burial ratios, this reduction becomes larger because of more intense upward seepage. The effects of local relative water depth and wave period were also studied. Finally, a preliminary formula for the reduction in the peak uplift resistance of shallowly-buried offshore slender structures was proposed to consider the slope effect and wave effect.

Investigating Reliability of Duimenshan High Rock Slope in Gejiu, Yunnan Province Based on the Monte Carlo Method

A slope is a complex engineering geological body that contains many uncertainties. In the present study, the high rock slope of Duimenshan in Gejiu, China is taken as the research object, and the Monte Carlo method is used to perform the analyses. Firstly, based on a large number of rock mass discontinuities, the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm is used to determine the dominant discontinuities. Secondly, the affecting parameters of the rock mass such as cohesion, internal friction angle, horizontal seismic acceleration coefficient, and water-filled depth coefficient are taken as random variables, and the failure probability of the slope and the failure index corresponding to different slope heights and slopes are obtained as the output parameter. The obtained results show that the target reliability index of the slope in a certain range of the slope height is far from the safety value, indicating that the slope is unstable, and the combination of slope height and slope angle affects the reliability of the slope. More specifically, as the slope height and angle increase, the number of samples with a stability coefficient of less than 1 increases, thereby increasing the failure probability of the slope indicating that the slope is stable. It is found that unless the slope height is small, it is the main factor of stability. However, when the slope height exceeds 33 m, the effect of the slope inclination on the stability increases gradually.

Soil Reinforcement Modelling on a Hilly Slope with Vegetation of Five Species in the Area Prone to Landslide in Malang, Indonesia

Malang Indonesia is an area prone to landslides, resulting in the need to model soil reinforcement to determine the vegetation’s slope stability using the roots of five species. One of the methods to improve the stability of slopes prone to landslides is adequate vegetation preservation. Soil strengthening with vegetation roots is environmentally friendly and an inexpensive alternative to reduce the vulnerability of slopes along mountainous slopes and the risk of shallow erosions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the vegetation arrangement on the slopes in Malang Regency, Indonesia, with a view of geotechnical engineering on the role of its root characteristics. Slope stability was analyzed by modeling the distribution of vegetation roots as an equivalent cohesion approach, where the factor of safety (FoS) is calculated using the PLAXIS-2D version 86 software. Soil and root parameters were obtained through direct shear testing and examining five plant species’ tensile strength. The results showed that the highest stability is achieved when the position of the vegetation on the slope’s surface is compared to the top. The factor of safety (FoS) increased from 23% to 30% and from 28% to 31% for slopes with uniform and combined species. Of the five plant species, P. merkusii demonstrated some advantages in maintaining stability because it has better root mechanical properties, among others. However, the combined species, such as C. arabica, had better performance because they possess vertical and lateral root systems, which act as an anchor in penetrating and griping the soil. This means combining vegetation species is a preferable preventive measure to increase slope stability. The analysis results also demonstrated the significance of vegetation on slope stability. The results show that the FoS decreases when the slope angle increases and reaches its maximum when the species are combined. The mechanical effect of the plant root matrix system can increase the shear strength of the soil, thereby raising the slope stability. The density of roots in the soil mass and the tensile strength contribute to the soil’s ability to withstand shear stresses.

An experimental study and mathematical quantification of buoyant turbulent flame morphology under the coupling effects of inclined surfaces and crossflows

This paper investigates the flame morphology of buoyant turbulent propane flames under the coupling effects of inclined surfaces and horizontal crossflows. Horizontal crossflows were generated by wind tunnels faced to the flame on the inclined surface. The tilt angle, length, height, and attachment length of the flame were investigated with heat release rates of 6.15–18.45 kW, crossflow velocities of 0–1.00 m/s, and slope angles of 0–40°. As the results show, the relationship between the effects of inclined surfaces and crossflows on the different flame morphology parameters is different. As the crossflow velocity increases, the flame tilt angle will increase. However, the increment rate of the flame tilt angle will be limited by the inclined surface as the crossflow velocity gradually increases. The flame length is more susceptible to the crossflow than the inclined surface under coupling effects, which decreases and then increases with increasing crossflow velocity. As the crossflow velocity and slope angle increase, the flame height decreases. Meanwhile, the flame attachment length monotonically increases. The inclined surface and crossflow have a synergistic effect on the flame height and attachment length. New global correlations for flame morphology parameters were obtained based on the wind Froude number, the dimensionless heat release rate, the propane to air density ratio, and the cosine of the slope angle. The model predictions agree well with the data from this experiment and previous research.

Computational wear of knee implant polyethylene insert surface under continuous dynamic loading and posterior tibial slope variation based on cadaver experiments with comparative verification

BackgroundThe effect of posterior tibial slope on the maximum contact pressure and wear volume of polyethylene (PE) insert were not given special attention. The effects of flexion angle, Anterior-Posterior (AP) Translation, and Tibial slope on the max contact pressure and wear of PE insert of TKR were investigated under loadings which were obtained in cadaver experiments by using Archard’s wear law. This study uses not only loads obtained from cadaver experiments but also dynamic flexion starting from 0 to 90 degrees.MethodWear on knee implant PE insert was investigated using a 2.5 size 3 dimensional (3D) cruciate sacrificing total knee replacement model and Finite Element Method (FEM) under loadings and AP Translation data ranging from 0 to 90 flexion angles validated by cadaver experiments. Two types of analyses were done to measure the wear effect on knee implant PE insert. The first set of analyses included the flexion angles dynamically changing with the knee rotating from 0 to 90 angles according to the femur axis and the transient analyses for loadings changing with a certain angle and duration.ResultsIt is seen that the contact pressure on the PE insert decreases as the cycle increases for both Flexion and Flexion+AP Translation. It is clear that as the cycle increases, the wear obtained for both cases increases. The loadings acting on the PE insert cannot create sufficient pressure due to the AP Translation effect at low speeds and have an effect to reduce the wear, while the effect increases with the wear as the cycle increases, and the AP Translation now contributes to the wear at high speeds. It is seen that as the posterior tibial slope angle increases, the maximum contact pressure values slightly decrease for the same cycle.ConclusionsThis study indicated that AP Translation, which changes direction during flexion, had a significant effect on both contact pressure and wear. Unlike previous similar studies, it was seen that the amount of wear continues to increase as the cycle increases. This situation strengthens the argument that loading and AP Translation values that change with flexion shape the wear effects on PE Insert.

Numerical Analysis of an Explicit Smoothed Particle Finite Element Method on Shallow Vegetated Slope Stability with Different Root Architectures

Planting vegetation is an environmentally friendly method for reducing landslides. Current vegetated slope analysis fails to consider the influence of different root architectures, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the numerical simulations need to be improved. In this study, an explicit smoothed particle finite element method (eSPFEM) was used to evaluate slope stability under the influence of vegetation roots. The Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model was extended by incorporating apparent root cohesion into the shear strength of the soil. The slope factors of safety (FOS) of four root architectures (uniform, triangular, parabolic, and exponential) for various planting distances, root depths, slope angles, and planting locations were calculated using the shear strength reduction technique with a kinetic energy-based criterion. The results indicated that the higher the planting density, the stronger the reinforcement effect of the roots on the slope. With increasing root depth, the FOS value first decreased and then increased. The FOS value decreased with an increase in slope angle. Planting on the entire ground surface had the best improvement effect on the slope stability, followed by planting vegetation with a uniform root architecture in the upper slope region or planting vegetation with triangular or exponential root architecture on the slope’s toe. Our findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the contributions of different root architectures to vegetated slope protection and guide the selection of vegetation species and planting locations.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILT ANGLE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR PANELS AS A SMART HELMET POWER SUPPLY IN A MOTORCYCLE SAFETY SYSTEM

The performance of a solar panel module is strongly influenced by its orientation and tilt angle. Tests have been carried out to track variations in the performance of the solar panel module and electrical parameters at various angles of inclination in the conditions of Karawang and Bogor. There are two experimental modes: 1) a varying slope module under a constant irradiance level, 2) a varying irradiation intensity at the optimal tilt setting. For the former schematic, the irradiation levels were carried out at 2 different locations, and for the later setup, the angle of inclination of the module was varied from 90° and 180° by using a single axis tracer At 90° tilted angle in Karawang test place at rest condition, morning experiment give the result of 5,69V on average while in Bogor the experiment gives 5,46V on average. At 180° tilted angle in Karawang test place at rest condition, morning experiment give the result of 5,49V on average while in afternoon experiment afternoon 3.026V on average. In Bogor test place morning experiment give solar panel 5,2V on average and 3,33V at afternoon experiment. In the electrical parameters of the module, the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum power point voltage and maximum power point current decrease substantially with increasing slope angle, while the charge factor decreases somewhat gradually. Tests in both Karawang and Bogor in the afternoon and afternoon confirmed that the optimal tilt angle on cloudy on with UV index between 1-2 in the morning and 3-4 in the afternoon on average is 180° tilted and directing the solar panel module at this angle will maximize the captured solar energy and thereby improve its performance.

Parametric Analysis of Rainfall-Induced Loess Soil Slope Due to the Rainwater Infiltration

Hydraulic properties (such as soil–water characteristic curves (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF)) play an important role in evaluating the stability of unsaturated soil slopes. Loess soils are widely distributed in Gansu Province in China, and most of them are in unsaturated conditions due to the deep groundwater table (G.W.T). In this study, twenty-eight sets of data published in the literature were analyzed to develop the upper and lower bounds of the SWCC for loess soil in Gansu. The variation of HCF for the loess soil was estimated from the upper and lower bounds curve developed in this study. Subsequently, numerical analyses incorporating scenarios considering different SWCCs, HCFs, and rainfall conditions were conducted for investigating the effects of those factors on the rainfall-induced slope stability. The results of analyses indicate that the infiltration plays an important role in the rainfall-induced slope stability. Higher permeable soil leads to a larger infiltration amount, which, in turn, results in a lower safety factor. In addition, the effect of the hydraulic property on the rainfall-induced slope stability decreases with the increase in slope angle.

Analysis of Reservoir Stability during Natural Gas Hydrate Exploitation under Incline Seafloor

Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) have been recognized as a potential substitute for traditional fossil fuels. Mining NGH reservoirs can decrease the strength of the reservoirs, especially while improving production, and the double-well mining of NGHs also significantly reduces the strength of reservoirs. This study develops a thermofluid-solid multifield coupling model for mining NGHs through depressurization while considering the NGH decomposition kinetics and physical properties of NGH reservoirs. The influence of the formation responses and burial conditions on the slope stability in the depressurization process of NGHs is analyzed by combining it with the finite-element strength-reduction method. Results show that the decomposition zones of NGHs are nonuniformly distributed in space and have an irregular prismatic shape. The pore pressure propagates from the wellbores to the surrounding areas, forming cylindrical high-pressure-drop zones. Plastic zones first appear in the decomposition zones of NGHs; then, they gradually spread to the slope shoulder and toe, eventually coalescing to form a plastic zone. The stability of submarine slopes declines with the increasing slope angle, reservoir thickness, and initial saturation of the reservoir, while it increases with the growing burial depth of the reservoir. The seabed settlement grows with the growing slope angle and initial saturation, and thickness of reservoirs, while it decreases with the rising burial depth of the reservoir.

Numerical simulation of seismic response of Slope–Foundation–Structure interaction for mid–rise RC buildings at various locations

This study is intended to evaluate the seismic response of the Slope–Foundation–Structure interaction of the mid–rise building at various locations with varying slope angles for linear and nonlinear homogenous soil strata using finite element modelling. The dynamic implicit method is used for the time domain analysis, and the Kelvin element boundary is applied at the truncated soil domain to absorb the reflecting waves. The nonlinearity of soil is incorporated using the hyperbolic stress-strain model by developing the user-defined material (UMAT). The model is validated with published literature, and found the result in good agreement. Further, slope stability is evaluated using FLAC3D and found the factor of safety >1. The results are shown in terms of vertical displacement, horizontal displacement, drift ratio, peak horizontal floor acceleration (PHFA), the rocking of the foundation and base shear. The effects are calculated for the different locations of the building, nonlinearity and slope angle. Nonlinear soil behaviour shows the permanent vertical deformation of the foundation. The lateral displacement of the buildings constructed at the top of the slope and the bottom of the slope are more affected compared to the building constructed on the slope for all slope angles. The nonlinearity of soil is more likely to affect the lateral seismic response of the buildings located at the top and on the slope as compared to the building located at the bottom of the slope. The PHFA is reduced by incorporating the nonlinearity of soil for all slope angles. All buildings are experiencing a high interstorey drift ratio for slope angle 20. The base shear seems to increase with the decrease in slope angle for all buildings in case of linear and nonlinear soil behaviour. The building located on the slope is more vulnerable to rocking failure compared to buildings located at the top and bottom of the slope. With the increase in slope angle, the rocking of the foundation is also increasing.

Analysis of stability law and optimization of slope angle during excavation of deep concave mine slope

Occasional collapse failure is a typical occurrence during mine slope excavation processes. This study aimed to investigate the disaster law in the process of mining slope excavation, and further explore the optimal selection of excavation angle. Based on the systematic analysis of the residual sliding force and deformation response characteristics during slope excavation, the increment of the residual sliding force increases and the stability coefficient decreases with the increase in excavation depth. Additionally, a numerical model of the Jinchuan mining area in Jinchuan City, Gansu Province, China was created using the Midas-GTS finite element software. The influence of different excavation slope angles on slope stability was analyzed via numerical simulation under certain step slope height and width. The results show that the force and deformation of the slope were unfavorable to slope stability, and the slope stability coefficient would decrease gradually with the increase in slope angle. In addition, the optimal excavation angle combination ranges were determined as 62°~ 65°, 64°~ 67°, 67°~ 69°, 70°~ 71°, 73°, 75°~ 76°, 77°~ 80°considering the stability and maximum recovery. Therefore, the above research results verify the loading effect of mine slope excavation, and can serve as a reference for studies on the optimal range of excavation angles for the mine slope.

Analytical solution of rainfall infiltration for vegetated slope in unsaturated soils considering hydro-mechanical effects

Developing analytical solutions for water flow in partially saturated soil slopes is a significant issue in practical engineering. In this study, an analytical solution to rainfall seepage into vegetated unsaturated soil slopes considering hydro-mechanical coupling is proposed using Green's function. The proposed analytical solution is compared with the solution of finite element method. Combined with the limit equilibrium method, the proposed analytical solution is used to assess the slope stability. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of slope angle, rain intensity, suction-based elastic modulus, and transpiration rate on pressure head and factor of safety for slopes. The results show that the pressure head and factor of safety (Fs) decrease with the increase of slope angle or rain intensity. As the transpiration rate increases, the pressure head and Fs increases. The smaller the absolute value of the suction-based elastic modulus, the more obvious the effect of hydro-mechanical coupling on Fs. Additionally, the vegetated slope stability varies more greatly than that of bare slopes due to the hydro-mechanical coupling effect. The proposed analytical solution is simple in form and has few input parameters, which can be used as a simple and effective method for analyzing rainfall infiltration in vegetated slopes.

Transparent soil model test of a landslide with umbrella-shaped anchors and different slope angles in response to rapid drawdown

Umbrella-shaped anchors, as new stabilizing structures, have been increasingly adopted in engineering practice due to their simple structure, ease of installation, and high load capacity. Reservoir operation, especially during rapid drawdown, affects the long-term stability of reservoir bank slopes as this process affects the stress, seepage and deformation characteristics of the water-level fluctuation (WLF) zone. Thus, the characteristics of the deformation and failure mode of WLF zones reinforced by umbrella-shaped anchors under rapid drawdown conditions are important for the design and construction of anchoring measures. Five slope-anchor scale models based on the Yingpan landslide were established as transparent soil models considering different slope angles and drawdown rates. Displacement, velocity and macroscopic deformation data were obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology. The results indicated that the deformation process of both reinforced and unreinforced slopes under rapid drawdown conditions could be divided into four phases: initial, shallow sliding, multisliding and stable phases. In the anchor-reinforced models, loss of soil particles occurred when the water level dropped to reach the anchor heads, causing the anchor plates to loosen and slope deformation to accelerate, especially near the lower row of cables. The anchor heads failed first, and progressive slope sliding ensued. Under rapid drawdown conditions, soil liquefaction and subsequent loosening and sliding occurred, generating a far larger zone of accumulation than the zone of collapse. This indicates that soil liquefaction is another important factor of the link between rapid water level drawdown and slope instability causing local collapses. Combining the experimental results and 47 sets of field monitoring data, it could be concluded that the slope stability decreases with increasing slope angle of the WLF zone. This occurs because a higher water level is needed for deformation initiation in the WLF zone in the case of a higher slope angle.

Large-scale landslide inventory and their mobility in Lvliang City, Shanxi Province, China

Landslides are one of the most destructive geological disasters that threaten people's lives and property. With the high-resolution satellite images from Google Earth and the method of visual interpretation, we develop a large-scale landslide inventory in Lvliang City in the east of the Loess Plateau. The inventory includes a total of 12,110 landslides, and the area of each individual landslide ranges from 0.03 to 1.35 ​km2. The landslide area ratio (LAR) is used to measure the influence of several geological factors on landslides, including stratigraphic chronology, elevation and slope. From Paleozoic to Cenozoic, LAR generally shows an increasing trend. With the increase of elevation, LAR initially increases and then decreases, reaching the peak value in the elevation range of 1000–1100 ​m. With the increase of slope angle, LAR also increases first and subsequently decreases, and reaches the peak value in the range of 15–20°. In addition, we analyze the landslide mobility level (H/L) of 12,110 landslides in the study area, and observe a linear relationship between landslide height and sliding distance. Landslides with larger areas exhibit high mobility, manifested as the fact that H/L decreases with the increase of the landslide area. Meanwhile, both slope angle and aspect exert obvious effects on the mobility of landslides.

Determining trigger factors of soil mass failure in a hollow: A study based in the Sichuan Province, China

Soil mass failure disasters are among the most destructive disasters in mountainous areas worldwide, and they continue to receive significant attention in the literature. However, factors that influence soil mass failure in hollows have not been explored via experimental approaches. In this study, we conducted a series of indoor hollow–flume experiments to exhibit how the three factors, namely, initial moisture content, slope angle, and clay content, influence the collapse of soil mass under surface runoff conditions. Our findings revealed that the major processes causing soil mass failure were internal seepage erosion resulting from subsurface runoff, migration of fine particles, development of tension cracks, increase in pore water pressure, and decrease in cohesion. Fluctuations in pore water pressure were characterized by two main trends: (1) an abrupt rise under static liquefaction and (2) a decrease before failure due to dilatancy. The time required for soil mass failure first decreased and then increased with the increase in moisture content. The soil mass with an initial moisture content of ∼12.5% was more critical to the failure. In addition, the time required for soil mass failure decreased with increasing slope angle, revealing a slope angle of 40° to be more prone to failure. The buildup of pore water pressure was found to increase with clay content; soil with a clay content of ∼7.5% required the shortest amount of time to initiate slides. Thus, our results provide a thorough insight into the processes and factors involved in the initiation and development of soil mass failure in hollow areas, which can be used by public agencies to improve monitoring, early warning, and forecasting systems. Notably, our study can help identify risk-prone source areas, and sensors can be installed to monitor potential mass failure locations.

Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Dimpled Narrow Channel during the Transformation of Separated Turbulent Flow with Increasing Slope Angle of a Solitary Conical Dimple

Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Dimpled Narrow Channel during the Transformation of Separated Turbulent Flow with Increasing Slope Angle of a Solitary Conical Dimple

A multi‐method approach to analyse changes in gully characteristics between 2009 and 2018 in southeast Nigeria

AbstractGully erosion is the dominant environmental problem in southeast Nigeria and has led to loss of human and material resources. In this study, we evaluated changes in gully characteristics in southeast Nigeria and their potential drivers between 2009 and 2018 using a multi‐method approach: analysis of high‐resolution satellite imagery (2–5 m) and focus group discussions. Gully numbers increased from 26 to 39 and mean gully length increased from 0.39 to 0.43 km. We found that land adjacent to rivers had the highest concentration of gullies which is associated with an increase in slope angle from 10 to 58% up to 500 m from rivers. Regarding potential gully‐drivers, land‐use changes were observed. Non‐vegetated lands increased from 58.6 to 144.7 km2 between 2009 and 2018, while reductions in fallow lands from 281.2 to 57.8 km2 were observed. Results from focus group meetings indicate there was no gullying in the area before the Nigerian civil war (1967–1970). War‐time activities such as digging trenches and increased population density were said to have led to the formation of the oldest gullies in the area. Although war‐time activities have ceased, meeting attendees believed that present land‐use changes have increased the volume of surface runoff and thus enhancing gully erosion. Incorporating local knowledge in this study has therefore provided a valuable understanding on the key drivers of gullying that pre‐dates the availability of freely available high‐resolution satellite data.

Effect of Liquefaction Induced Lateral Spreading on Seismic Performance of Pile Foundations

Seismically active areas are vulnerable to liquefaction, and the influence of liquefaction on pile foundations is very severe. Study of pile-supported buildings in liquefiable soils requires consideration of soil-pile interaction and evaluation of the interaction resulting from movement of soil surrounding the pile. This paper presents the results of three-dimensional finite difference analyses conducted to understand the effect of liquefiable soils on the seismic performance of piles and pile groups embedded in stratified soil deposits using the numerical tool FLAC3D. A comparative study has been conducted on the performance of pile foundations on level ground and sloping ground. The soil model consists of a non-liquefiable, slightly cemented sand layer at the top and bottom and a liquefiable Nevada sand layer in between. This stratified ground is subjected to 1940 El Centro, 2001 Bhuj (India) earthquake ground motions, and harmonic motion of 0.3g acceleration. Parametric studies have been carried out by changing the ground slope from 0° to 10° to understand the effects of sloping ground on pile group response. The results indicate that the maximum bending moments occur at boundaries between liquefiable and non-liquefiable layers, and that the bending moment increases with an increase in slope angle. The presence of a pile cap prevents horizontal ground displacements at ground level. Further, it is also observed that the displacements of pile groups under sloping ground are in excess of those on level ground due to lateral spreading. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2021-07-05 Full Text: PDF