Increased Serum FSH Research Articles

The Role of Glutathione Administration in the Treatment of Infertility Men

Lipid peroxidation negatively affects sperm function by decreasing the number of motile sperm in the reproductive tract, which is caused by a disruption in the balance of sex hormones that regulate male fertility. A total of 80 adult men, aged 36-55 years, participated in this study. The group comprised 40 fertile control men and 40 men with idiopathic infertility who received antioxidant treatment. Among them, 15 men were younger than 36 years and 65 men were older than 36 years. All the infertile men had been married for at least five years and had no children. The study samples were collected from an infertility clinic at Kirkuk Teaching Hospital and private clinics. Each patient received glutathione supplementation once a day for five months, starting oral antioxidant therapy in July and continuing until December 2023, along with garlic taken twice daily with food. Initially, there were slight but significant differences observed in FSH and LH levels between the control group and infertility patients before treatment, while testosterone levels were significantly lower in the infertility group. However, after five months of treatment, there was a significant increase in FSH, LH, and testosterone levels in the idiopathic infertility group compared to the control group. The research indicated a significant increase in seminal plasma glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a significant reduction in seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). These changes led to a significant increase in the sperm count of idiopathic infertility men after five months of treatment compared to the control group. Furthermore, FSH levels significantly increased after two months of treatment, with a corresponding increase in serum GSH. Thus, the administration of glutathione with garlic significantly reduced serum MDA and significantly increased serum FSH, total testosterone, and the count of motile sperm in idiopathic infertility men. Key Words: L-Glutathione250MG , Garlic ,idiopathic infertility men ,sperm count ,total testosterone

Klinefelter: Which Sexuality?

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) was described by Klinefelter, Reifenstein, and Albright in 1942, who described 9 adult males with gynecomastia, small and firm testes, azoospermia, and increased serum FSH with functional Leydig cells. In 1959, using cytogenetics, Jacobs and Strong described the existence of an extra X chromosome in a male with Klinefelter syndrome The International Consensus Conference organized by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology in 2006 included KS in disorders of sexual development. Klinefelter syndrome is also characterized by a genetic dysfunction of the entire gonad that affects germ cells from early fetal life and Sertoli and Leydig cells from mid-puberty. Today we know much more. In this article, we have delved into the social, relational, and sexual quality of life of patients with KS, going beyond fertility studies.

PD06-11 LOSS OF WNT4 IN THE GUBERNACULUM CAUSES UNILATERAL CRYPTORCHIDISM AND FERTILITY DEFECTS DUE TO IMBALANCE OF MALE AND FEMALE GENES

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD06-11 LOSS OF WNT4 IN THE GUBERNACULUM CAUSES UNILATERAL CRYPTORCHIDISM AND FERTILITY DEFECTS DUE TO IMBALANCE OF MALE AND FEMALE GENES Abhishek Seth, Hunter Flores, Ahmed Chahdi, and Carolina Jorgez Abhishek SethAbhishek Seth More articles by this author , Hunter FloresHunter Flores More articles by this author , Ahmed ChahdiAhmed Chahdi More articles by this author , and Carolina JorgezCarolina Jorgez More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003230.11AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Undescended testis (UDT) is the most common urological birth defect affecting 6% of male births. Despite surgical correction, some men with unilateral UDT may experience infertility with the contralateral descended testis (CDT) showing no A-dark spermatogonia. We hypothesized that WNT4 plays a significant role in gonadal development since mutations in WNT4 are associated with ambiguous genitalia, and overexpression of WNT4 in mice deficient in E2F1 leads to infertility. METHODS: A Wnt4 gubernaculum-specific knock-out mouse was created and phenotyped by crossing RARß2-cre mice to Wnt4-flox mice. Fertility was determined by 6-month paired mating of a wild type (WT) female to a Wnt4f/f;cre+ (Wnt4-cKO) male. RESULTS: All Wnt4-cKO mice presented with a smaller left unilateral UDT, and an equal number of mice had inguinal vs. abdominal UDT. The abdominal UDT had a Sertoli cell-only phenotype. The inguinal UDT had a combination of normal and abnormal seminiferous tubules (ST), including maturation arrest. Half of the mice with inguinal UDT had no sperm in the left epididymis, and the ones with sperm had 33% fewer sperm with a 96% decrease in motility compared to those of WT mice. The left gubernaculum of Wnt4-cKO was longer and thinner with increased collagen and reduced muscle content compared to the right CDT. The fertility of the Wnt4-cKO male was significantly reduced as they produced 23 litters and 88 pups within the same time that 8 WT mice produced 48 litter and 395 pups. Wnt4-cKO mice with abdominal UDT had an increase in serum FSH and LH. Wnt4-cKO UDT and CDT had an increase in ER-a in Leydig cells. Wnt4-cKO CDT and inguinal UDT had an increase in the number of SOX9-positive cells in which SOX9 expression was high in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Wnt4-cKO testes revealed an up-regulation of genes essential for female gonadal development and function, such as Rspo1, Wnt4,and Foxl2 in both CDT and UDT. Several WNT4 variants were identified in boys with UDT that could potentially cause or contribute to their condition. CONCLUSIONS: Conditional loss of Wnt4 in the gubernaculum leads to aberrant testicular decent and development unilaterally. Although these mice have one normal descended testis, the existence of fertility defects and molecular alterations in the CDT supports our hypothesis that unilateral UDT is a bilateral defect. Our results indicate that the androgen-estrogen imbalance affects both testes and suggest that estrogen impacts the ability of SOX9 to translocate into the nucleus to activate the male developmental pathway. Source of Funding: NIH grant 1R01HD100985 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e160 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Abhishek Seth More articles by this author Hunter Flores More articles by this author Ahmed Chahdi More articles by this author Carolina Jorgez More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Effect of Disulfiram on the Reproductive Capacity of Female Mice.

In the process of assisted reproduction, the high-oxygen in vitro environment can easily cause oxidative damage to oocytes. Disulfiram (DSF) can play an anti-oxidant or pro-oxidant role in different cells, and the effect of DSF on oocytes remains unclear. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the use of DSF in the early stages of pregnancy has a negative impact on the fetus. In this study, we found that DSF increased serum FSH levels and increased the ovulation rate in mice. Moreover, DSF enhanced the antioxidant capacity of oocytes and contributed to the success rate of in vitro fertilization. Moreover, the use of DSF in early pregnancy in mice increased the uterine horn volume and the degree of vascularization, which contributed to a successful pregnancy. In addition, it was found that DSF regulated the mRNA expression of angiogenesis-related genes (VEGF), follicular development-related genes (C1QTNF3, mTOR and PI3K), ovulation-related genes (MAPK1, MAPK3 and p38 MAPK) and antioxidant-related genes (GPX4 and CAT). These results indicate that DSF is helpful for increasing the antioxidant capacity of oocytes and the ovulation rate. In early pregnancy in mice, DSF promotes pregnancy by increasing the degree and volume of uterine vascularization.

Effects and related mechanisms of Huang's SiYu pills on Leydig cell function in kidney-yin deficiency rat models

The prescription “Huang's SiYu Pill” (HSYP) was founded by professor Huang Haibo, a famous traditional Chinese medicine in Inner Mongolia, based on long-term clinical experience. In this study we observed the effects of HYSP on sperm quality, hormone level and the expression level of reproductive related genes and proteins in testicular stromal cells of rats with kidney-yin deficiency to explore the therapeutic mechanism of HSYP in the treatment of infertility with kidney-yin deficiency, Liuwei Dihuang Pill group (LDP) and Tamoxifen Citrate Tablets combined with Pancreatic Kallidinogenase Enteric Coated Tablets were used to be the positive control drug. After 25 days of medicine administration, the animals were anesthetized and killed, the serum and testicular tissues were retained for further experiments. The ELISA results showed that HSYP had a better effect on increasing serum FSH level than the conventional Chinese medicine or western medicine, while there was no remarkable difference in the regulation of serum LH in each administration group. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the transcription levels of Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Lhcgr and Star genes in the medium and high dose groups of HSYP were significantly upregulated compared with the model group of kidney-yin deficiency, while the expression of Nr5a1 gene was not significantly affected. The results of HE and immunohistochemistry showed that HSYP significantly improved the development level of testicular stromal cells and promoted the expression levels of CYP11A1 and HSD11B1 in testicular stromal cells, compared with the model group of kidney-yin deficiency. Together, our results showed that Huang's SiYu Pills can significantly improve the development and function of Leydig cells in SD rats with kidney-yin deficiency model, which provided a good research basis for deep research on relevant pharmacological mechanisms of the medicine.

Efficacy of Deep Breathing Exercise and Aerobic Exercise on Perimenopausal Women

Introduction: Perimenopause means “around the menopause”. The hormonal changes that occur during the perimenopausal transition are the gametogenic failure which is characterized by the reduced inhibin secretion which occurs in the early follicular phase, increased serum FSH and decreased fertility. The aim of this study is to deterine the effectiveness of deep breathing exercises and aerobic exercises on perimenopausal Women Methods: A total of 50participants will take part in the study. The participants will be chosen based on Inclusion criteria by a convenient sampling method. The participants will be divided into two groups: Group A: Control group (n=25) and Group B: Experimental group(n=25). The level of perimenopausal symptoms will assessed using menopause rating scale before the commencement of the intervention in both the groups. The Control group will receive Jacobson’s relaxation technique and the experimental group will receive deep breathing exercise and aerobic exercise. The treatment will be demonstrated to the participants through video demonstration. After the completion of the treatment protocol the perimenopausal symptoms will be evaluated again using the menopause rating scale in both the groups to assess the reduction of perimenopausal symptoms in both the groups and to find the effectiveness of deep breathing exercise and aerobic exercise in reduction perimenopausal symptoms. Results: The values were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. There was a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group. The result was significant at p<.05. Conclusion: This study, therefore, displays that deep breathing exercise and aerobic exercise are effective in reducing the somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms in perimenopausal women. KEYWORDS: Deep breathing exercise, Aerobic exercise, and perimenopausal symptoms.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (using Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract) improve the fertility status of rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome

This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the fertility status of female rats with estradiol valerate (EV)-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). AgNPs were synthesized using C. zeylanicum extract and characterized by SEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, zeta potential and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Fifty female rats were divided into five groups (n = 10). The control groups were vehicle control (GI, received corn oil of 0.2 ml only) and PCOS control (GII, received EV only). While, the treatment groups were GIII (treated with C. zeylanicum methanolic extract 200 mg/kg body weight), GIV (treated with metformin 50 mg/kg body weight) and GV (treated with 3.53 mg/kg body weight biosynthesized AgNPs). The treatment duration was 30 days. The protective effects of these treatments against PCOS were assessed by routine vaginal smear examination, sex hormones levels (LH, FSH, E2, progesterone and testosterone), histopathologic features and the fertility rate. When compared with PCOS rats, AgNPs treatment increased serum FSH and progesterone levels and decreased E2 and testosterone significantly. Histopathologic examination showed that the EV-induced PCOS group developed polycysts in their ovaries and those changes reduced or disappeared in the treated groups. Moreover, the treatment with C. zeylanicum extract and AgNPs have effectively improved the estrus cycle as well as the fertility rate in treated groups compared with PCOS group. Our findings suggest that biosynthesized AgNPs can improve the fertility rate and estrous cycle by regulating sex hormones involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

Pituitary response to GnRH stimulation tests in different FSHB-211 G/T genotypes.

Does pituitary response to a GnRH stimulation test differ according to the different FSHB-211 G/T genotypes? The promoter polymorphism FSHB-211 G > T affects the pituitary response to exogenous GnRH stimulation by reducing FSH and increasing LH outputs. The FSHB-211 G > T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is known to affect pituitary FSH output by impairing the transcriptional activity of FSHB. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study on 67 male subjects (mean age: 24.6 ± 10.3 years) undergoing a GnRH stimulation test for diagnostic purposes in cases of secondary hypogonadism. A GnRH stimulation test was performed by administering an i.v. bolus of 100 µg of the GnRH-analogue gonadorelin acetate to all patients, with blood samples drawn from the cubital vein immediately prior to injection (T0) and 30 (T1) and 45 minutes (T2) after. Clinical and genetic data were retrieved from a computerized database. Linear longitudinal mixed-effect models were used to assess the effects of SNP genotype on FSH and LH levels over time via additive and recessive models. An overall marked increase in serum FSH and LH following administration i.v. of 100 µg of an LHRH-analogue was found (P < 0.0001 for linear trend, both models). Peak levels of LH were significantly higher in TT carriers than in GT and GG carriers (P = 0.012); no significant between-groups difference was found concerning stimulated FSH levels. In both the additive and recessive model, the main effect of T allele(s) did not reach statistical significance concerning FSH levels (P = 0.9502 and P = 0.8576, respectively), yet interaction effects over time demonstrated an attenuated response in T-allele carriers compared to the GG-allele carriers (P = 0.0219 and P = 0.0276). Main and interaction effects for LH were significant in both the additive (P = 0.0022 and P = 0.0013, respectively) and recessive model (P = 0.0025 and P = 0.0016, respectively). Given the retrospective nature of the study and the small number of TT carriers, results should be interpreted with caution. The FSHB c.-211G>T polymorphism might result in an impaired response to endogenous, as well as exogenous, GnRH stimulation. This finding might contribute to the clinical phenotype of reduced testicular volume and sperm count for patients carrying one or two T alleles. Parts of the study were supported by the German Research Foundation (CRU326 Male Germ Cells). On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. NA.

How the therapy for endometriosis affects the hormonal status in female infertility

Aim. To determine changes in the values of pituitary and ovarian hormones in women with endometriosis-associated infertility, as well as to evaluate the impact of endometriosis therapy on hormonal parametersMaterials and Methods. Sixty-nine women with small-sized endometriomas with adenomyosis (target group) and 50 women with tubal infertility (controls) were examined. The values of pituitary (luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, prolactin) and ovarian (estradiol, tubular antimullerian hormone) hormones were studied. The comparison of quantitative indicators between the studied groups of women was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test, the statistical significance of the results was assessed at a level of not less than 95% (risk of error not more than 5% - p &lt;0.05).ResultsInfertile women with endometrioma and adenomyosis have lower AMH levels than infertile women with tubal factor. Among patients with endometriosis, there is an increase in serum FSH, LH, prolactin and estradiol compared with women without endometriosis.Dienogest moderately inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH; it has almost no effect on blood AMH and estradiol values. The use of dienogest can moderately increase the level of prolactin, It is noteworthy that these indicators are within the reference range. The use of diferelin for the treatment of endometriosis has a more active effect on the hormonal status of patients, given the decrease in such indicators as FSH and LH, AMH, estradiol and prolactinConclusions. Women with infertility against the background of endometriosis have minor changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system, which indicates the need to develop medical measures in order to correct them.The use of dienogest compared to diferelin affects the hormonal status of patients with endometriosis to a lesser extent, given the pronounced anti-proliferative effect.

The Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Female Fertility

Nowadays, infertility is a prevalent problem among couples. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may influence the female reproductive outcomes through multiple mechanisms, being one of the important causes of infertility. These compounds may interfere with some fertility and fecundity markers, leading to increased time to pregnancy, increased risk of spontaneous abortion, shorter menstrual cycles, early age at menopause, anovulation or delayed ovulation, smaller preovulatory follicles, increased serum FSH, decreased synthesis of estradiol and progesterone, low plasma levels of anti-Mullerian hormone and decreased antral follicle count. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may also impair in vitro fertilization outcomes, being responsible for: a lower probability of implantation, reduced fertilization rates, diminished probability of clinical pregnancy, and near term pregnancies after in vitro fertilization. Another mechanism of altering the female reproductive function is through the disorders induced by EDCs, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. Those conditions may finally lead to infertility.

EFFECT OF NUTRACEUTICAL FORMULATION OVAJAL ON DHT AND FRUCTOSE INDUCED PCOS IN RODENT MODEL.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a most common female reproductive disorder, involving endocrine and metabolic disorders with unclear etiology. It may clinically be manifested in young women of reproductive age as oligo-ovulation, abnormal levels of reproductive hormones, clinical hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, male pattern baldness, acne, acanthosis nigricans, and polycystic ovaries, additionally having a long prodroma with detectable abnormalities that present as the metabolic syndrome like Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Current treatment options are unable to manage PCOS and suffer from unwanted effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nutraceutical formulation ovajal on dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-fructose-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Sprague Dawley (S.D.) female rats. Prepubertal rats in the experimental group (except control) received coadministration of DHT (s.c.) and fructose(p.o.). Along with DHT+F other groups were treated with OV100 and OV200, clomiphene, and metformin, at a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o., 200 mg/kg p.o., 100 mg/kg p.o., and 200 mg/kg p.o., respectively for 90 days. Estrus cyclicity, OGTT, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, insulin, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels were assessed. Ovary, uterus, abdominal fat, and subcutaneous fat were collected, weighed and an ovary histomorphology examination was done. Results showed that OV100 and OV200 reversed the DHT-fructose induced changes by significantly (p is less than 0.05) increasing serum FSH level, estradiol level and decreasing their body weight, ovary weight, uterine weight, serum luteinizing hormone level, testosterone level, oral glucose tolerance, irregular estrous cyclicity and no. of cystic follicles. However, the OV200 notably ameliorated the abnormalities of experimental PCOS. Our study findings demonstrate that ovajal formulation exerted preventive benefits in an experimental model of PCOS. Hence can be suggested in the management of PCOS.

Investigation the Anti-Sterility Role of Ubiquinone-10 Against Procarbazine-Induced Infertility in Male Rats

Procarbazineis cytotoxic chemotherapy drug with obvious deleterious effects on male fertility. The present study aimed to investigate protective method via co-administration of Ubiquinone-10 with procarbazine to reduce harmful effects of procarbazine. Twenty- eight adult healthy male rats (3 months in age and weighing 250-300g) were randomly divided into four equal groups as following: animals of first group were received propylene glycol 20% orally and phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) intraperitoneally as control group while of second , third and fourth group were received procarbazine (30mg/ kg), Ubiqunone-10 (10 mg/kg) and combination of Ubiqunone-10 with procarbazine respectively, all treatments were lasted for 9 weeks. Results revealed that procarbazine induces significant increase in serum FSH and LH level while Testosterone level was significantly decreased .Similar decrease were also noticed in levels of glutathione (GSH)&nbsp;,as well as activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in testis . Moreover, procarbazine caused significant decrease in sperm count, motility and viability and significant increase in sperm abnormality. On the other hand, Co-administration of Ubiqunone-10 with procarbazine lead to ameliorate levels of hormone as well as to improve testicular catalase activity in addition to glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels.

CREM, PRM I and II gene expression in Wistar rats testes treated with antipsychotic drugs: Chlorpromazine, Rauwolfia vomitoria and co-administration of reserpine, zinc and ascorbic acid.

Objective:The literature has shown that synthetic antipsychotic drugs induce reproductive toxicity, while psychiatric patients treated with traditionally used antipsychotic herbs (Rauwolfia vomitoria) showed no traces of reproductive toxicity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the expression of CREM, PRM I and II genes in the testes of Wistar rats treated with antipsychotic drugs: chlorpromazine, Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) and co-administration of reserpine, zinc and ascorbate (RAZ).Methods:Forty-five adult male Wistar rats with rats with average weight of 180±4.67g were divided into nine groups (A-I) (n=5). Group A was administered saline (control) while rats in Groups B and C received 10 and 20mg/kg body weight (bwt) of chlorpromazine respectively. Groups D and E received 2.5 and 5mg/kg bwt of reserpine, respectively; while Groups F and G received 150 and 300mg/kg bwt of RV leaf extract. Groups H and I received (2.5+5+100) mg/kg bwt and (5+10+200) mg/kg of combination of RAZ, respectively for 56 days.Results:The CREM, PRM I and II genes were significantly downregulated while significant decreased in serum FSH and testosterone concentration were found in the Chlorpromazine- and Reserpine-treated groups. Groups H and I showed a highly significant upregulation of the CREM, PRM I and II genes, and a highly significant increase in serum FSH and testosterone concentrations.Conclusion:The study concluded that the HPT-Axis was impaired by chlorpromazine and reserpine, while RV and a combination of RAZ administration enhanced the axis in an animal model. The study recommended that synthetic antipsychotic drugs should be taken with Zinc and Ascorbate in order to help prevent reproductive toxicity associated with antipsychotic drugs. We need further studies in humans to confirm these findings.

Angiographic Detection of Utero-Ovarian Anastomosis and Influence on Ovarian Function After Uterine Artery Embolization.

To assess the detectability and frequency of the different types of utero-ovarian anastomosis, the correlation between type of anastomosis and ovarian failure after UAE, as well as the impact of coiling as a strategy for the prevention of ovarian failure. We retrospectively studied a population of 92 women treated with uterine artery embolization at our institution between 2007 and 2017. Utero-ovarian anastomoses were categorized on angiographic sequences by two radiologists based on the classification published by Razavi et al. (Radiology 224(3):707-712, 2002), and Cohen's kappa was calculated. Ovarian failure was defined as an increase in serum FSH above 27 mIU/ml three months after embolization. Out of a total of 184 anastomoses, 27% were classified as type Ia, 45% as type Ib, 1% as type II and 24% as type III. Three percent of anastomoses could not be determined. There was very good inter-observer reliability on the classification of utero-ovarian anastomoses (κ = 0.847). Ovarian failure occurred in six out of 92 women (7%). Each had at least one type Ib (n = 4) or type III (n = 1) anastomosis, with the exception of one patient in whom the type of anastomosis could not be determined. All women presenting with ovarian failure were 45years of age or older. No patient with protective coiling developed ovarian failure. Utero-ovarian anastomoses are more common than previously expected and can be reliably classified with very good inter-observer reliability. Patients with type Ib and type III anastomoses carry the risk of ovarian failure after uterine artery embolization. Protective coiling seems to be an adequate strategy for avoiding ovarian failure in those types of anastomoses.

The Impact of Echium Amoenum Distillate on Naturally Boosting Fertility: Potential Ameliorative Role in Male Mice Reproductive Parameters.

Iranian borage, Echium amoenum, is believed to improve reproduction according to folk medicine. Although E. amoenum distillate known as "Aragh Gav-zaban" is widely consumed as a safe and natural remedy, its possible effects on fertility have not yet been scientifically examined. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of borage distillate (BD) on reproductive parameters of male mice. In this experimental study, 30 adult male Mus musculus mice (30-35 g) were equally divided into three groups. The control group received distilled water (DW) for five weeks and the other two groups, BD1/2 and BD1/4, received borage distillate of 1/2 dilution (150±2.5 ml/kg/day) and 1/4 dilution (75±1.25 ml/kg/day), respectively, ad libitum for three weeks and DW for 2 weeks. On the day 35, mice were sacrificed, sperm analysis was performed, and sera were collected to evaluate gonadotropins, testosterone, and toxicity parameters. The left testis was excised for stereological study and the right testis was used to evaluate androgen receptor (AR) gene expression. The administration of BD1/2 significantly increased serum FSH (P=0.004), LH (P=0.025), testosterone (P=0.014), the percentage of motile (P=0.011); slow progressive (P=0.001), coiled tail (P<0.001) sperms, and the number of Leydig cells (P=0.008) compared to the control group. Treatment with BD1/4 significantly increased sperm count (P=0.044) and motile sperms percentage (P=0.040) compared to the control group too. The administration of BD revealed no significant effects on toxicity parameters and AR gene expression. The findings of the present study showed that the consumption of borage distillate, as a safe herbal remedy, improves hormonal and sperm parameters in male mice.

Biochemical and histological evidence of thyroid gland dysfunction in estradiol valerate model of the polycystic ovary in Wistar rats

Thyroid defects and polycystic ovary (PSO) disease are prevalent endocrine problems among humans. While various studies investigated the ovarian function and histological alterations during estradiol valerate model of PCO, yet, there were no available studies examining thyroid gland function and histology. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate linkage between estradiol valerate-induced PCO and the development of thyroid dysfunction in rats. The study comprises 2 groups of male Wistar rats (n = 12), control group and PCO group. PCO was induced by injecting two doses of estradiol valerate with 6 weeks lag period in between. After twelve weeks, PCO was confirmed by vaginal smear examination which showed marked vaginal cornification. In addition, the light microscopic examination of the ovaries revealed chief histological signs of PCO like numerous cysts and damaged follicles. In addition, PCO-induced rats showed decreased serum LH and increased serum FSH levels. Thyroid hypoactivity was confirmed by increased serum TSH and decreased serum thyroid hormones (T3, and T4). Histologically, the thyroid tissue revealed small-size follicles devoid of the colloid and increased connective tissue between follicles. Semithin sections showed hypertrophied and/or flat follicular cells as well as increased resorption colloidal granules. Ultrathin sections showed low height cells with dark nucleus and heterochromatin. Furthermore, PCO-induced rats thyroid gland tissue revealed increased expression of the apoptotic mediator caspase-3. There was also a decrease in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In summary, this study provides several effective biochemical and histological evidences for thyroid gland dysfunction in PCO-induced rats.

Features of the metabolic syndrome in late adolescence are associated with impaired testicular function at 20 years of age.

Features of the metabolic syndrome in late adolescence are associated with impaired testicular function at 20 years of age.

Role of irisin administration in modulating testicular function in adult obese albino rats

AbstractBackground: Irisin, exercise-induced myokine, is known to improve obesity-induced metabolic disturbances by enhanc-ing thermogenesis and increasing energy expenditure. Recent studies have reported that irisin promoted cell proliferation and protected cells from apoptosis. However, the effects of irisin on testicular function in obese rats is still to be investi-gated.Aim of the Study: This study was designed to explore the probable effects of irisin treatment on modulating the adverse effects of obesity on testicular functions with a trial to clarify some of the possible underlying mechanisms.Material and Methods: Thirty adult male wistar albino rats (200±30g) were divided equally into 3 groups, group (I): Saline-vehicle treated normal fed group, group (II): Saline-vehicle treated rats were fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Group (III): Irisin treated HFD-fed rats for 10 weeks and irisin was injected subcutaneously (150ml daily for 4 weeks). Rats were weighed and serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, FSH, LH, estradiol & testosterone levels, epididymal sperm count and motility, testicular Malondiald-hyde (MDA) level, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) activities, testicular and epidydimal fat weights were estimated. Testicular his-topathological study was done as well.Results: There was a significant increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI) together with deterioration of metabolic, gonadal functions and testicular oxidant/antio-oxidant system in group (II), while exogenous irisin administration in group (III) resulted in: Significant decrease in BMI, insulin resistance with improvement in lipid profile, significant increase in serum FSH, LH & testosterone, sperm count and motility in male rats. Together with marked improvement in the testicular histoarchitecture. Additionally, there was a significant increase in testicular SOD, CAT & GPX activities. However, it signif-icantly decreased testicular MDA level.Conclusions: It could be suggested that irisin has a po-tential positive role against obesity-induced testicular dys-function, which may be due to its role in maintenance of glucose & insulin homeostasis, its antioxidant properties and/ or maintenance of gonadal hormonal function via indirect and/or direct effects on the gonads.

Role of Irisin Administration in Modulating Testicular Function in Adult Obese Albino Rats

AbstractBackground: Irisin, exercise-induced myokine, is known to improve obesity-induced metabolic disturbances by enhanc-ing thermogenesis and increasing energy expenditure. Recent studies have reported that irisin promoted cell proliferation and protected cells from apoptosis. However, the effects of irisin on testicular function in obese rats is still to be investi-gated.Aim of the Study: This study was designed to explore the probable effects of irisin treatment on modulating the adverse effects of obesity on testicular functions with a trial to clarify some of the possible underlying mechanisms.Material and Methods: Thirty adult male wistar albino rats (200±30g) were divided equally into 3 groups, group (I): Saline-vehicle treated normal fed group, group (II): Saline-vehicle treated rats were fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Group (III): Irisin treated HFD-fed rats for 10 weeks and irisin was injected subcutaneously (150ml daily for 4 weeks). Rats were weighed and serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, FSH, LH, estradiol & testosterone levels, epididymal sperm count and motility, testicular Malondiald-hyde (MDA) level, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) activities, testicular and epidydimal fat weights were estimated. Testicular his-topathological study was done as well.Results: There was a significant increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI) together with deterioration of metabolic, gonadal functions and testicular oxidant/antio-oxidant system in group (II), while exogenous irisin administration in group (III) resulted in: Significant decrease in BMI, insulin resistance with improvement in lipid profile, significant increase in serum FSH, LH & testosterone, sperm count and motility in male rats. Together with marked improvement in the testicular histoarchitecture. Additionally, there was a significant increase in testicular SOD, CAT & GPX activities. However, it signif-icantly decreased testicular MDA level.Conclusions: It could be suggested that irisin has a po-tential positive role against obesity-induced testicular dys-function, which may be due to its role in maintenance of glucose & insulin homeostasis, its antioxidant properties and/ or maintenance of gonadal hormonal function via indirect and/or direct effects on the gonads.

An increase in serum FSH from the third day of menstruation to the day of oocyte maturation trigger negatively affects the developmental competence of oocytes in minimal stimulation IVF

An increase in serum FSH from the third day of menstruation to the day of oocyte maturation trigger negatively affects the developmental competence of oocytes in minimal stimulation IVF