Increase In Pore Pressure Research Articles

Modelling multicomponent gas diffusion and predicting the concentration-dependent effective diffusion coefficient of coal with application to carbon geo-sequestration

Diffusion of multicomponent gases, which is a complex transport mechanism in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs, needs to be accounted for in models of enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) and geological CO2 storage. We develop a numerical model that accounts for diffusion of free gas, diffusion of adsorbed gas, and competitive sorption. Our model also reflects adsorption-induced swelling and the impact of moisture. The simulator for modelling multicomponent gas diffusion is first validated by comparing its computed concentration field against those yielded by the general-purpose finite element solver COMSOL and the available analytical solutions. The model is then validated against the experimental measurements from the published literature. Subsequently, our simulator is used to model the CO2 Enhanced Coalbed Methane (CO2-ECBM) scenarios. The simulation results quantify the influence of different types of diffusion on the effective diffusion coefficient of coal. We analyse diffusion of methane and carbon dioxide that must be considered when modelling CBM reservoirs and analyse performance-based sensitivity of surface diffusion, moisture, matrix deformation, and pressure. Finally, the model is applied to a CO2 storage case. We calculate the CO2 storage volume and the equilibrium time under various pore pressures. The simulation shows that as pore pressure increases, the amount of CO2 stored increases and the equilibrium time decreases. Overall, this model can be applied to estimate the effective diffusion coefficient, to analyse the impact of rock and gas parameters on multicomponent gas diffusion, to provide insight into the physics of multiple gas transport in coal, and to estimate the feasibility of CO2 storage under various pore pressures.

Degradation of Fracture Characteristics on Coconino Sandstone Due to Water Content

The water content of a rock affects its fracture characteristics, such as strength and fracture toughness. In this study, the effect of water content on the fracture characteristics, such as strength, fracture toughness and subcritical crack growth index under shear loading for Coconino sandstone was investigated. Here, experiments were conducted in two cases: completely dry and fully saturated. In particular, a short-beam compression specimen was employed to examine the fracture characteristics due to shear; in addition, the shear strength, mode II fracture toughness, and subcritical crack growth index under shear stress were obtained. Consequently, the shear strength and mode II fracture toughness decreased as the water content increased; however, the subcritical crack growth index remained almost the same without significant alterations. The effect of water on the strength reduction of rocks is related to chemical and physical corrosion, pore pressure increase, and frictional reduction. Previous investigations on the deterioration of strength by water have yielded similar results in this research. Under saturated conditions, the shear strength decreased by 15.5%, and the fracture toughness decreased by 11.8%, compared with dry conditions. Regardless of the dry or saturated condition, the subcritical crack growth index n exhibited similar values.

Optimizing Performance of Location for Horizontal and Chimney Drainage of Earthen Slopes Retaining Walls on Stability

Underground water levels and pore water pressure can be increased as a result of heavy rainfall which can lead failure of earthen slopes. Retaining walls are the most well-known structures in order to increase earthen slope stability. In this study, the stability of earthen slopes is numerically simulated in critical hydrological situations. The simulations included pore pressure behind the retaining walls which lead to instability. Among the investigated parameters were: precipitation intensity, soil type, position and the diameter of drainage passages. Both horizontal and chimney drainages were simulated for the study. For fine-grained soils with intensive precipitation, using a single horizontal drainage passageway could not maintain sufficient stability for the retaining wall. Precipitation could have severe impact on stability in which increase of 5 to 15 mm/h would increase pore pressure from 7.09 kN to 75.39 kN which is so dramatic change. For coarse-grained soils, a retaining wall provides stability with a single horizontal drainage pipe; the horizontal pipe is able to discharge all the excess water behind the retaining wall. A chimney drainage system provided the best results, and the stability of the retaining wall did not endanger, even under the worst circumstances. Linear and non-linear regression relations were produced in dimensionless form which are providing 0.97 for R2 and 0.11 for RMSE values which implys the accurcy of equations. The accuracy of the regression determine their usage in practical applications.

Formation uplift analysis during geological CO2-Storage using the Gaussian pressure transient method: Krechba (Algeria) validation and South Korean case studies

The Paris Climate Agreement of 2015, along with the commitments in the South Korean 2050 Carbon-Neutral Scenario, highlights the importance of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to counter advancing global warming. During CCS, carbon-dioxide enriched fluid is injected into a geological formation, which causes pore pressure increases. The CCS must occur safe and stable, which requires geomechanical modeling to analyze the effects of formation uplift and subsidence. In this study, surface uplift and subsidence were predicted with a recently developed Gaussian pressure transient (GPT) method, in advance of the anticipated CO2-injection schemes to ensure a secure storage process. The GPT-results were first validated against field observations obtained from the In Salah CCS-site (Algeria). Next, the GPT-method was applied to two potential CCS target locations in South Korea: (1) the Pohang basin, and (2) the Donghae gas reservoir. Maximum uplifts of 25.42 and 32.55 mm, respectively, were estimated for each location. In addition, the effect of installing a relief well to mitigate the uplift was studied. Subsidence was estimated around the relief well due to production. The presence of the relief well aided the mitigation of both uplift and subsidence. Our study shows that preliminary analysis of uplift and subsidence of potential CCS-sites is possible with the GPT-method. In addition, it was shown that installing (one or more) relief well(s) for the purpose of mitigating the severe uplift caused by injection is feasible.

Numerical analysis of time-dependent negative skin friction on pile in soft soils

The generation of negative skin friction (NSF) induces the additional axial force on the pile, which exerts a detrimental load rather than a beneficial one. However, the effect of soil creep on the long-term development of NSF has remained poorly understood. The study uses numerical analysis to investigate this effect. First, an elasto-viscoplastic model with an enhanced time integration algorithm is successfully implemented into a finite element code. Next, the two-dimensional axisymmetric pile-soil interaction model is established and properly calibrated with a known field case. Finally, parametric studies are conducted to examine different degrees of creep effect on the variation in NSF and neutral plane (NP) within the primary and secondary consolidation periods. According to the findings, a high creep coefficient of the soil results in an increase in NSF and descending trend of the NP. The creep induced delay of NSF is observed attributed to the increase in excess pore pressure during the early stage of consolidation. The NP position varies drastically at the commencement of consolidation when taking creep into consideration. Lastly, the study proposes an exponential prediction model to reflect the time dependence of the location of the NP.

An improved experimental procedure and mathematical model for determining gas-water relative permeability in tight sandstone gas reservoirs

The gas-water relative permeabilities (GWRPs) of five rock samples were determined under different pore pressures to analyze and model the effects of pore pressure and rock-sample permeability in tight sandstone gas reservoirs. The gas-water permeability curves measured at 10–30 MPa are higher than those at normal pressure, and the co-permeability interval is narrower. At the same water saturation, the relative permeabilities of gas and water decrease with increasing pore pressure, especially that of gas. Under the same pore pressure conditions, with decreasing absolute permeability, gas-water relative permeability decreases, with the difference becoming smaller with increasing pore pressure. Finally, the experimental data for four rock samples was subjected to multiple linear fitting using Origin software, and a mathematical model of gas-water relative permeability was established. The accuracy and applicability of the mathematical model were verified by comparing the gas-water permeability curve calculated by the mathematical model with the experimental results for the fifth rock sample. Our findings provide invaluable information regarding gas-water two-phase seepage during the development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs and make predicting their productivities and production performances more accurate.

Evaluation of post liquefaction settlement and treatment and reinforcement of the soil by stone columns

During earthquakes, the shear strength and bearing capacity of saturated sandy soils decreases; this is related to an increase in pore pressure. In the ultimate state, the pore pressure becomes equal to the initial effective stress, at which time the material loses all its resistance and liquefaction occurs. Thus, the prediction of the post-liquefaction settlement of the soil is an important step to reduce the seismic risk. Several methods have been developed for the prediction of Seismic-Induced Settlement, the most widely used is that based on the results of in-situ tests SPT, and Several soil reinforcement techniques can be considered, the choice depends mainly on the grain size of the soil to be treated. This article presents a comparative study of the methods for evaluating Seismic-Induced Settlement based on the experimental results of the in situ SPT tests, applied to an earthquake-prone area in northern Morocco which had specific soil formations characterized by the existence of layers of sand over several meters, which suggests the possibility of soil liquefaction and proposes a method of reducing the risk of liquefaction. The analysis of existing SPT data leads to interesting conclusions both in terms of the comparative analysis of methods for the prediction of the post-liquefaction settlement and the understanding of the effect of Soil treatments by Stone Columns to mitigate the risk of liquefaction.

Experimental study on the permeability evolution of coal with CO2 phase transition

For CO2 sequestration in the deep coal seam, whose permeability would change with the CO2 phase transition. To evaluate this, a large size (Φ100 × 800 mm) raw coal sample, was used to conduct the permeability tests under varying CO2 injection pressures. With the increase of injection pressure, the phase transition of CO2 from subcritical (SubCO2) to supercritical (ScCO2) would alter pressure distribution within the coal, obviously reducing the internal permeability. For SubCO2 injection, the internal permeability decreases nonlinearly along the migration path, and the maximum occurs at the inlet, mainly where the effective stress is larger. However, for ScCO2 injection, the internal permeability forms a “U” shape, and the minimum occurs in the phase transition region, whose effect is greater than its effective stress. Due to the presence of phase transition, a “W” shape variation of CO2 permeability changes with the increasing pore pressure occurs. The CO2 phase transition would affect the coal structure significantly, the pore volume of coal reduced by ScCO2 adsorption is 28.07%, larger than that of 2.63% for SubCO2. This irreversible change reduces the coal permeability by more than 63.3%. This study is meaningful to CO2 sequestration in deep coal seams.

High-temperature behavior of geopolymer mortar containing nano-silica

Nano-silica (NS) can significantly improve the microstructure, mechanical properties, and durability of metakaolin/fly ash-based geopolymer mortar (GPM). To investigate the high-temperature behavior of GPM containing NS, cubic compressive strength test, prism compressive strength test, flexural strength test, visual appearance analysis, thermal strain test, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, bubble parameter test, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were conducted. The NS weight contents were 0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2.0 %, and 2.5 %, and the exposure temperatures were 25, 100, 200, 400, and 600 ℃. The results revealed that the sand in mortar constrained the development of cracks when the exposure temperature was 25–200 ℃, whereas cracks formed when the temperature was 200–600 ℃. From 25 to 200 ℃, a significant mass loss with slight geopolymer shrinkage was observed. In contrast, from 200 to 600 ℃, a slight mass loss with evident shrinkage occurred. The compressive and flexural strengths of the GPM first increased when the temperature was 25–200 ℃ and then decreased when the temperature was 200–600 ℃. When the temperature was less than 200 °C, NS improved the GPM strength; however, the strength decreased when the temperature exceeded 200 ℃. The latter occurred because NS enhanced the compactness of the GPM, resulting in increased pore pressure. Additionally, the thermal stability of the phases and sodium alumina silicate hydrate structure in the geopolymer was observed. The compactness and stability of the microstructure in the GPM were enhanced by NS. A damage model based on the cubic compressive strength that well describes the relationship between the exposure temperature and degree of damage was proposed.

Dynamic evolution of shale permeability under coupled temperature and effective stress conditions

The permeability of shale in unconventional subsurface reservoirs under high-temperature and high effective stress conditions is of great significance for evaluating the extraction efficiency of shale gas and determining reservoir development programs. In this study, a series of permeability experiments using nitrogen gas were conducted on a sample from the lower Longmaxi Formation over a range of temperature (25–100 °C), effective stress (22.5–52.5 MPa), and pore pressure (0.5–8 MPa) conditions. The dynamic relationships between permeability and temperature, effective stress, and pore pressure are analyzed in detail. The results show that the apparent permeability decreases approximately linearly with increasing pore pressure, temperature, and effective stress. The absolute permeability also decreases with increasing temperature or effective stress. Upon increasing the reservoir depth by 1000 m, the permeability decreases by an average of approximately 25%. Approximately two-thirds of this decline is caused by changes in the effective stress and approximately one-third by changes in temperature. The Klinkenberg parameter is also found to be positively correlated with temperature and effective stress. The results herein provide important guidance for evaluating permeability changes and the extraction efficiency for deep shale gas development.

Stress release mechanism of deep bottom hole rock by ultra-high-pressure water jet slotting

To solve the problems of rock strength increase caused by high in-situ stress, the stress release method with rock slot in the bottom hole by an ultra-high-pressure water jet is proposed. The stress conditions of bottom hole rock, before and after slotting are analyzed and the stress release mechanism of slotting is clarified. The results show that the stress release by slotting is due to the coupling of three factors: the relief of horizontal stress, the stress concentration zone distancing away from the cutting face, and the increase of pore pressure caused by rock mass expansion; The stress concentration increases the effective stress of rock along the radial distance from 0.6R to 1R (R is the radius of the well), and the presence of groove completely releases the stress, it also allows the stress concentration zone to be pushed away from the cutting face, while significantly lowering the value of stresses in the area the drilling bit acting, the maximum stress release efficiency can reach 80%. The effect of slotting characteristics on release efficiency is obvious when the groove location is near the borehole wall. With the increase of groove depth, the stress release efficiency is significantly increased, and the release range of effective stress is enlarged along the axial direction. Therefore, the stress release method and results of simulations in this paper have a guiding significance for best-improving rock-breaking efficiency and further understanding the technique.

Effects of fracture filling ratio and confining stress on the equivalent effective stress coefficient of rocks containing a single fracture

Because fractures are ubiquitous in rock masses, the states of stress and fracture filling significantly impact the coupled hydromechanical behaviors of fractured rocks. Based on the effective stress principle of porous media , we developed a method to determine the equivalent effective stress coefficient of rocks containing a single fracture , and analyzed the impacts of fracture filling area ratio, confining stress, and pore pressure . Confining stress and pore pressure were applied sequentially onto rock specimens, and two bulk moduli were calculated based on the measured deformation during the loading process of confining stress and pore pressure. The equivalent effective stress coefficient was then determined as the ratio of the two bulk moduli. Our results show that the equivalent effective stress coefficient increases as the filling area ratio or confining stress decreases, or pore pressure increases. The difference in equivalent effective stress coefficient of specimens with two filling area ratios decreases as the confining stress increases. The effective stress coefficient of a single fracture is inherently considered to be the ratio of the nominal fracture surface occupied by water to the total fracture surface area. When the confining stress and filling ratio increases or the pore pressure decreases, the nominal fracture surface occupied by water decreases, resulting in the corresponding reduction of the equivalent effective stress coefficient. These results provide important insights into the coupled hydromechanical behaviors of fractured rocks.

Coupled flow in saturated soil around a vertical grounding rod HVDC considering underground water's action

• Coupled fluxes in soils due to current injection into HVDC ground rods are analyzed. • Phenomenon involving the fields of electromagnetism, thermal and hydraulics. • It takes into account the effect of an underground flow. • Results include temperature, velocity and pore pressure in a stratified saturated soil. The phenomenon of coupled fluxes in soils given the injection of current in HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) ground rods is a multiphysics problem, involving different fields, including electromagnetism, thermal and hydraulics. In some regions where precipitation is intense or due to the presence of an aquifer, the saturated condition of the soil is particularly important for the analysis of the behavior of the environment, based on the active flows. In this study, the water velocity around the ground rod is investigated, as well as the pore pressure and temperature in a transient regime, considering the Joule effect, the performance of the electro-osmotic flow and the action of the underground velocity. Such phenomena are involved by temperature-dependent parameters. The study methodology is based on simulations adopting the finite element method for the coupling of physics in a saturated and stratified soil. The validation of the results for the Joule effect shows a maximum temperature error in the order of 3.3%. As a result, it was possible to infer, through a parametric sweep, the parameters that most favor the increase in temperature, velocity and pore pressure in the medium porous. The results presented serve as a reference for HVDC grounding system designs.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON BEHAVIOR OF SHEET PILE QUAY WALL UNDER EARTHQUAKE LOADING USING TIME HISTORY METHOD

The sheet pile wall is used popular for coastal projects, and it is normally applied suitable for the ground had average or weak bearing capacity. Currently, when analysis and design this structure type under earthquake loading, almost documents and standards recomment to use response spectrum method, without much mention of the time-history method. This paper presented the method to evaluate the behavior of sheet pile quay wall using time-history method including liquefaction of soil by PLAXIS 2D program. The analysis was conducted based on the Vietnam standard and some foreign standards. The results focused on analysis and evaluate displacement and deformation of quay wall, the increase of excess pore pressure in the backfill with the time and liquefaction potention of the soil.

Study on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs with Multicomponent under Different Engineering Conditions

For wellbore stability issues induced by drilling operations in natural gas hydrate-containing reservoirs, wellbore stability research will focus on the mechanical properties of hydrate reservoirs. According to the content of the research, the response relationship between the hydrate core and the base physical property changes under different engineering parameters is established, and the law of hydrate mechanical property changes with temperature and pressure is studied for various physical properties. According to theoretical research and experimental data, it has been determined that: hydrate core-resolved gas and transverse and longitudinal wave velocity have a positive correlation with saturation and pressure and a negative correlation with temperature; a negative correlation exists between resistivity and saturation. The hydrate core stiffness strength correlates positively with saturation and adversely with temperature. Under the identical strain conditions, when saturation, pore pressure, and temperature increase, the stress of the hydrate grows rapidly; there is a distinct inflection point, and the hydrate does not form above a particular temperature. To prevent the decomposition of hydrates and minimize disasters such as well wall instability and reservoir collapse, it is possible to reduce reservoir in situ temperature and pressure fluctuations in accordance with operational requirements.

Assessment and uncertainty quantification of onshore geological CO2 storage capacity in China

We provide a probabilistic assessment of CO2 storage capacity in major sedimentary basins in China. Our approach embeds constraints associated with the increase of reservoir pore pressure due to injection of CO2 in the presence of resident brine. Pressure build-up must be limited to avoid fault reactivation, caprock failure, and possible leakage, resulting in more conservative estimates of CO2 storage capacity as compared to volumetric estimates.We rely on a numerical Monte Carlo framework considering uncertainty in the values of reservoir size and major geological formation attributes (i.e., absolute permeability, porosity, and reservoir compressibility). Our work shows that 10 major basins can potentially store, on average, 1350 Gt of CO2 during the next 30 years (lower and upper quartiles being 1100 and 1700 Gt of CO2, respectively). This far exceeds the likely amount (up to 175 Gt of CO2) required to be stored by 2050. Our analysis also suggests that 6 basins (located close to the largest emission areas) can store about 93 Gt (on average) of CO2 during the next 30 years. Underground carbon storage in China, coupled with other possible solutions, could meet the aims of the Announced Pledges Scenario (International Energy Agency) to mitigate global warming by 2060.We also perform a global sensitivity analysis to determine how our predictions of storage capacity may be affected by uncertainties in the simulation model input parameters. Moment-based global sensitivity metrics suggest that geological formation attributes are major sources of uncertainty, significantly affecting model outputs and the associated uncertainty.

Hindcasting injection-induced aseismic slip and microseismicity at the Cooper Basin Enhanced Geothermal Systems Project

There is a growing recognition that subsurface fluid injection can produce not only earthquakes, but also aseismic slip on faults. A major challenge in understanding interactions between injection-related aseismic and seismic slip on faults is identifying aseismic slip on the field scale, given that most monitored fields are only equipped with seismic arrays. We present a modeling workflow for evaluating the possibility of aseismic slip, given observational constraints on the spatial-temporal distribution of microseismicity, injection rate, and wellhead pressure. Our numerical model simultaneously simulates discrete off-fault microseismic events and aseismic slip on a main fault during fluid injection. We apply the workflow to the 2012 Enhanced Geothermal System injection episode at Cooper Basin, Australia, which aimed to stimulate a water-saturated granitic reservoir containing a highly permeable (k = 10^{-13} - 10^{-12}hbox {m}{^2}) fault zone. We find that aseismic slip likely contributed to half of the total moment release. In addition, fault weakening from pore pressure changes, not elastic stress transfer from aseismic slip, induces the majority of observed microseismic events, given the inferred stress state. We derive a theoretical model to better estimate the time-dependent spatial extent of seismicity triggered by increases in pore pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first time injection-induced aseismic slip in a granitic reservoir has been inferred, suggesting that aseismic slip could be widespread across a range of lithologies.

Combined control of fluid adsorption capacity and initial permeability on coal permeability

The variations of strain and permeability of coal were systematically studied through the physical simulation of N2 and water injection. The effects of fluid adsorption capacity and initial permeability on strain, permeability and the dominant effect of pore pressure were discussed. The adsorption strain and strain rate of coal during water injection are significantly higher than those during N2 injection. An edge of free adsorption exists in the early phase of N2 and water injection, which is related to fluid saturation. Within this boundary, the strain rate and pore pressure are independent. Moreover, the injection time of initial stage accounts for about 20% of the total injection time, but the strain accounts for 70% of the total strain. For water injection, this boundary is about half of water saturation of coal. Besides, the influence of pore pressure on permeability is complex, which is controlled by adsorption capacity and initial permeability of coal. When the initial permeability is large enough, the effect of adsorption strain on permeability is relatively weak, and the promoting effect of pore pressure on fluid migration is dominant. Therefore, the permeability increases with increasing pore pressure. When the initial permeability is relatively low, the pore pressure may have a dominant role in promoting fluid migration for the fluid with weak adsorption capacity. However, for the fluid with strong adsorption capacity, the adsorption strain caused by pore pressure may play a leading role, and the permeability reduces first and then ascends with increasing pore pressure.

Influence of natural fractures on hydraulic fracture propagation behaviour

The propagation behaviour of hydraulic fractures is affected by natural fractures in unconventional reservoirs and determines the effect of reservoir reconstruction to a certain extent. Using the splitting mode of mesh nodes and zero-thickness cohesive elements, we established a hydraulic fracture random propagation method. The KGD model and Blanton’s experiment were used to verify the reliability of this method, and the cohesive element parameters of the natural shale core were obtained using three-point bending and digital image correlation methods. Finally, the model was used to simulate the propagation behaviour of hydraulic fractures in natural fracture–developed formations. The results show that even if the hydraulic fracture does not come into contact with the natural fracture, the natural fracture will open, accompanied by the shear slip of the natural fracture surface. The propagation of hydraulic fractures generates a stress shadow effect, causing an increase in the local formation pore pressure and minimum horizontal stress. When the horizontal stress difference was more than 2 MPa, the hydraulic fracture expanded along the direction of the maximum horizontal stress, and the fracture morphology was simple. A formation with a high elastic modulus and high injection rate can contribute to increasing the hydraulic fracture complexity. Hydraulic fracture propagation can be captured using natural fractures. Simultaneously, owing to the stress shadow effect, the stress state at the tip of the hydraulic fractures may change from tensile stress to compressive stress, eventually leading to the stop propagation of hydraulic fractures and the formation of asymmetric hydraulic fractures. The research results are helpful for improving the understanding of the geometric shape of the propagation behaviour of hydraulic fractures in natural fractures that develop formations.

Liquefaction and Reliquefaction Characteristics of Aeolian Sand Foundation Reinforced by Precast Cement Piles Based on Shaking Table Test

With the continuous development of traffic construction, road engineering inevitably crosses the aeolian sand river valley area. Compared with general sandy soil and silty soil, cohesionless aeolian sand foundation has similar properties with fluid and higher liquefaction potential. Precast cement pile can greatly improve the vertical bearing capacity of foundation, but this paper finds that it also has antiliquefaction effect when it is used to reinforce aeolian sand foundation. In addition, there may be more than one liquefaction of aeolian sand foundation in areas with frequent earthquakes. Therefore, this paper explores the liquefaction and reliquefaction characteristics of aeolian sand foundation reinforced by precast cement piles through shaking table test. The test results show that under the excitation of 0.4 g EL Centro wave: (1) the increase of pore pressure in aeolian sand foundation will have multiple instantaneous peaks, which will promote the surface to float or sink. The phenomenon will be weakened by multiple earthquakes or pile reinforcement. (2) The prefabricated cement pile can improve the liquefaction and reliquefaction resistance of aeolian sand foundation. The effect is the best in the shallow layer of the foundation, which is increased by more than 30%, and the deeper the buried depth, the lower the effect. (3) The antiliquefaction ability of foundation will be improved after strong earthquake, but the dynamic response will be significantly increased in the next earthquake. (4) When the aeolian sand foundation reinforced by precast cement piles is reliquefied, the main frequency of the foundation will migrate to low frequency. The liquefied layer will inhibit the low frequency (2 ~ 15 Hz) energy transfer and promote the high frequency (25~30 Hz) energy transfer. The results provide reference for antiliquefaction design of aeolian sand foundation and improve the application of precast cement pile in liquefied foundation.