Increase In Low-density Lipoprotein Research Articles

Antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of <i>Irvingia wombolu</i> seeds in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rat

The antidyslipidemic activity of Irvingia wombolu ethanol seeds extract was studied in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rats.Forty five (45) Wstar rats were grouped into 5 groups of 9 rats each. The animals were allowed 7 days acclimatization period. Group 1 was the control group and it received normal rat chow and water throughout the study. Groups 2 to 5 were given high fat diet for 14 days after which they were given normal rat chow till the end of the study. At the end of the 14 days, group 2 was not treated while group 3-5 were treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg b.w ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds respectively for 28 days. The lipid profile of animals was evaluated three times: first after 14 days induction period (phase 1) i.e day 0 of treatment, second was taken 14 days after treatment (phase 2), third was taken 28 days after treatment (phase 3). The study lasted for 49 days and dimethyl sulphoxide was used as a vehicle for the extract. In phase 1, all the groups fed with high fat diet showed an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride, total cholesterol and a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In phase 2 there was a decrease in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level in addition to increase in HDL for animals in all the treatment groups. It was observed that in phase 3 only 250mg/kg group showed a progressive decrease in LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol and an increase in HDL levels while 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w showed an increase in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level and a decrease in HDL. The result of the present study demonstrated the antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds at lower dose.

Study of Possible Changes in Lipid Profiles between Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Hyperthyroidism and Others with Hypothyroidism

Menopause is the lack of menstrual cycle for at least six months. Due to hormonal changes, the alternation of lipid profile as a risk factor related to heart disease increases during menopause . One hundred twenty Iraqi women, aged between 40-65 years, were selected for this study. They were divided into two groups: 60 premenopausal and 60 postmenopausal women, and then each group was further divided into two subgroups: 20 women with hyperthyroidism and 20 with hypothyroidism, as well as 20 healthy women as control group. Blood samples were collected to estimate hormonal parameter by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lipid profile using enzymatic technique. The results showed that alterations in lipid profile included decrease in the cholesterol levels, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL. Whereas HDL increased in hyperthyroidism as compared to hypothyroidism and control groups in premenopausal women. In women with postmenopause, alterations of lipid profiles included a decrease in the cholesterol level, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) except an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) in hyperthyroidism as compared to hypothyroidism and control groups. Also, the level of lipid profiles increased in hypothyroidism rather than hyperthyroidism both in pre and postmenopause. According to this study, the conclusion was reached that there was an increase in the lipid profile level in postmenopausal women than premenopausal women with hypothyroidism when compared to hyperthyroidism.

Influence of glucose metabolism disorders and manifestations of dyslipidemia on the cytokine profile and peculiarities of correlation pleiades in patients with acute otitis media

The relevance of the study is due to the lack of data to determine the pathogenetic significance of cytokine profile specifics and correlation pleiades in patients with acute otitis media (AOM) on the background of disorders of glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia manifestations. The aim of our research: to determine the peculiarities of cytokine profile of peripheral blood in the amount of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α and to investigate the correlation pleiades in patients with AOM on the basis of glucose metabolism disorders with regard to the processes of glucose formation, dyslipidemia, and bone tissue metabolism. Materials and methods: We examined 73 patients with AOM aged 18 to 79 (29 males and 44 females), who were randomized into 4 groups.1 and 2 groups (comparison) (17 patients with acute AOM and 15 patients with AOM with paranasal sinus pathology in groups accordingly) and groups 3 and 4 (main groups) (20 patients with AOM with type 2 diabetes and 21 patients with AOM with glucose metabolism disorders accordingly). Apart from the clinical examination, all patients were tested for glucosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The pathogenetic significance of the observed changes was assessed by determining the correlations of the indices given, taking into account the previously established metabolism of bone tissue in the amount of parathormone, osteocalcin, and calcium. Results of the study and discussion: In patients with acute otitis media with impaired glucose metabolism there was a significant (p˂0.001) increase in the pool of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (10.26±0.46 pkg/ml and 10.94±0.5 pkg/ml in groups 3 and 4 accordingly) and TNF-α (11.05±0.5 pkg/ml and 9.7±0.5 pkg/ml accordingly in groups 3 and 4).The increase in the level of TNF-α was 1.9 times greater in patients with type 2 diabetes and 1.7 times greater in patients with transient disorders of glucose metabolism, in relat ion to the increase in the amount of IL-6 (1.1 to 1.3 times in groups 3 and 4, respectively).The amount of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-4 was within the reference norms for the methodology used, but was consistent ly lower in patients with glucose metabolism disorders (7.27±0.2 pkg/ml and 7.79±0.2 pkg/ml in groups 3 and 4 respectively, p˂0,001).We also found a significant (p˂0,001) increase in low density lipoproteins as a manifestation of dyslipidemia in patients with AOM against the background of impaired glucose metabolism 1.8 times in group 3 patients (4,6±0,25 mmol/l) and 1.7 times in group 4 patients (4,27±0,2 mmol/l). Influence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders on formation of cytokine profile and significance of dyslipidemia in pathogenesis of AOM is confirmed by the determined authenticity of variations in glucose content, HbAlc and these indices in patients in the main groups (groups 3 and 4) and the comparison groups (groups 1 and 2) due to the absence of differences in the data between groups 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 (p˃0,05). The study of the correlat ion pleiades of the indices with the markers of bone tissue metabolism revealed the inimitability of their presence, number and strength in patients in groups 1-2 due to the lack of correlation with indicators of glucose and HbAlc, IL-6, LDL and parathormone, which may indicate that in these patients only the mucous membrane of the middle ear is involved in the process. In patients with AOM with type 2 diabetes mellitus, multiple interactions of moderate strength, both direct (glucose – TNF-α, IL-6; HbAlc – LDL, TNF-α, IL-6; parathormone – IL-6, LDL; LDL – TNF-α) and inverse (calcium – TNF-α, LDL; IL-6 – calcium, IL-4), with the effect on bone tissue metabolism were found. In patients of group 4, the presence and strength of the interrelationships were similar to the above on the background of type 2 diabetes with a decrease in their number and a strong direct correlation of HbAlc – parathormone, IL-6; parathormone – IL-6, LDL; LDL – IL-6. Conclusions: Blood cytokine profile in patients with acute otitis media with impaired glucose metabolism is characterized by a significant increase in the pool of proinflammatory cytokines ІL-6 and TNF-α, a decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine ІL-4 in dyslipidemia by indicators of a significant increase in LDL. Multiple interrelationships of the studied indicators in patients with AOM on the background of type 2 diabetes characterize the complex proinflammatory background with an impact on the indicators of bone tissue metabolism. Similar interrelations on the background of transient disorders of glucose metabolism indicate their importance in the pathogenesis of a particular AOM, which is also confirmed by the validity of differences in the indicators and observed correlations in patients of groups 1-2 and 3-4. Taking into account the presence and peculiarities of the influence of any disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, including transient ones, is valuable for increasing the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of AOM in adults.

Characterization and assessment of endothelial dysfunction in adolescents with obesity and vitamin D deficiency

Background. Obesity and vitamin D deficiency in children are widespread in economically developed countries. Among children with obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome, vitamin D deficiency is more common than in children with a normal body mass index (BMI). The growth of metabolic disorders, atherosclerosis, early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus lead to fatal vascular accidents in young people, and therefore the search for new ways of early diagnosis of these processes is relevant.
 Aim. To study of the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with vitamin D deficiency, obesity and associated metabolic disorders among adolescents in Saint Petersburg.
 Materials and methods. 5 adolescents aged 1416 years (150.76 years) with primary obesity were examined. Anthropometric parameters were studied: waist circumference, weight, height, calculation of BMI, stage of puberty according to Tanner. Laboratory examination included the following parameters: serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, insulin, 25(OH)D. Atherogenicity index (AI), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), vitamin D sufficiency were calculated. Endothelial function was assessed by the value of the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), automatically calculated by the EndoPAT 2000 device (Itamar Medical, Israel).
 Results. All examined patients had abdominal obesity (median BMI 33.5 kg/m2 [30.9; 34.2]) and reduced vitamin D supply (median 25(OH)D 17.2 ng/ml). Hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia due to an increase in low density lipoproteins were diagnosed in 1 (20%) case. Dyslipidemia due to a decrease in high density lipoproteins was detected in 3 (60%) patients. An increase in IA was found in 4 (80%) people. Insulin resistance was present in 60% of the examined, the median value of HOMA-IR was 5.6. The median RHI was 1.74 [1.72; 2.13]. Optimum RHI values were observed in 2 (40%) patients; in most (60%) adolescents, the RHI values corresponded to subnormal values and were close to the lower limit of this zone. A significant inverse correlation of RHI with AI was obtained (R=-0.63, p0.05).
 Conclusion. Taking into account the risk factors previously identified in the examined patients (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, reduced vitamin D supply), endothelial dysfunction in these patients was regarded as a cardiovascular risk factor. A manageable risk factor is a reduced supply of vitamin D, which can be corrected by an additional donation of cholecalciferol.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomisation Analyses of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract Introduction Mendelian randomisation (MR) has been suggested to be able to overcome biases of observational studies, but no meta-analysis is available on MR studies on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This systematic review and Meta-analysis examined the evidence of causal risk factors for AAA identified in MR studies. Methods Publicly available databases were systematically searched for MR studies that reported any causal risk factors for AAA diagnosis. Meta-analyses were performed using random effect models and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Study quality was assessed using a modified version of Strengthening the Reporting of Mendelian Randomisation Studies (STROBE-MR) guidelines. Results Sixteen MR studies involving 34,050 patients with AAA and 2,205,894 controls were included. Meta-analyses suggested that one standard deviation increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly reduced (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.72) and one standard deviation increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly increased the risk (OR: 1.68, 95%, CI: 1.55, 1.82) of AAA. One standard deviation increase in triglycerides did not significantly increase the risk of AAA (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.71). Quality assessment suggested that ten and five studies were of low and moderate risk of bias respectively, with one study considered as high risk of bias. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests LDL and HDL are positive and negative casual risk factors for AAA.

Systematic review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian randomisation analyses of Abdominal aortic aneurysms.

IntroductionMendelian randomisation (MR) has been suggested to be able to overcome biases of observational studies, but no meta-analysis is available on MR studies on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This systematic review and Meta-analysis examined the evidence of causal risk factors for AAA identified in MR studies.MethodsPublicly available databases were systematically searched for MR studies that reported any causal risk factors for AAA diagnosis. Meta-analyses were performed using random effect models and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Study quality was assessed using a modified version of Strengthening the Reporting of Mendelian Randomisation Studies (STROBE-MR) guidelines.ResultsSixteen MR studies involving 34,050 patients with AAA and 2,205,894 controls were included. Meta-analyses suggested that one standard deviation increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly reduced (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.72) and one standard deviation increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly increased the risk (OR: 1.68, 95%, CI: 1.55, 1.82) of AAA. One standard deviation increase in triglycerides did not significantly increase the risk of AAA (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.71). Quality assessment suggested that ten and five studies were of low and moderate risk of bias respectively, with one study considered as high risk of bias.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests LDL and HDL are positive and negative casual risk factors for AAA.

Correlation study of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance in Han Chinese patients with cerebral infarction in Guizhou region.

This study conducts a correlation exploration of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance in Han Chinese patients with cerebral infarction in Guizhou Region.A total of 270 Han Chinese patients with cerebral infarction, who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018, are selected. These patients were divided into 2 groups, clopidogrel resistance group (n = 60) and clopidogrel sensitive group (n = 210). According to the TEG results, the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism detection was carried out by using the PCR-RFLP method, while IL-6 level in the patient's blood was measured by using the ELISA method.The resistance group occupies 22.22%. The platelet inhibition ratio of the resistance group was 23 ± 7%, which was significantly lower than that of the sensitive group (65 ± 13%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The Logisitic regression analysis revealed that the history of diabetes, history of high blood pressure, increase in low density lipoprotein and CYP2C19 mutant gene were independent risk factors of clopidogrel resistance. After treatment, the serum IL-6 level of patients in the resistance group was 17.21 ± 0.98 ng/L, which was significant higher than that of patients in the sensitive group (11.21 ± 0.68 ng/L), and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05).Patients with cerebral infarction in Guizhou region have a higher occurrence rate of clopidogrel resistance. Clopidogrel resistance not only will weaken the anti-inflammatory action of the drug, but also correlates with the patient's CYP2C19 mutant gene and blood lipid level.

Analysis of the ethyl stearate properties as a new alternative to cocoa butter

The object of research is the product of modification of fats, in particular derivatives of fatty acids and monohydric alcohols, namely ethyl stearate. One of the biggest challenges for the confectionery industry is the use of modified fats that fully meet food safety requirements. Existing modified fats, used in confectionery, mainly contain saturated fatty acids with carbon atoms of 16 or less, identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as harmful to the human body. Without the presence of a significant amount of trans fatty acids, it is difficult to obtain inexpensive modified fats that have high hardness at a low melting point. The reduction of trans fatty acid isomers in modified fats is a worldwide problem. In addition, the presence of glycerol in the composition of trihydric alcohol fats can promote the formation of glycidol esters. In turn, glycidol esters are known to contribute to the development of cancer. It is practically impossible to obtain triacylglycerols, which contain only stearic acid among the saturated fatty acids. This is a significant obstacle to the formation of a rational fatty acid composition in terms of the content of saturated acids.It is proposed to solve certain problems by means of a new technology for modifying fats, namely by replacing in the composition of fats – acylglycerol of the alkyl group. As an alternative to cocoa butter in confectionery products, according to the author’s data, stearic acid ethyl ester can be used. A complex of studies has determined that ethyl stearate, by its physical and chemical properties, namely: melting point, mass fraction of solid ethers and solubility in acylglycerols in any ratio, is a full-fledged alternative to cocoa butter.The use of new modified fats, in particular ethyl stearate in the composition of confectionery, will allow to exclude saturated fatty acids from the diet; according to WHO, they contribute to an increase in low density lipoproteins in human blood.

P0726ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF KNOCKOUT APOE MICE COULD BE MEDIATED BY VASCULAR FIBROSIS

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present a high rate of cardiovascular mortality mainly associated with endothelial dysfunction, which causes more cardiovascular events in presence of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a significant increase of low density lipoproteins (LDL), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. ROS can oxidize LDL generating oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) that promotes the development of cardiovascular pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether oxLDL induce endothelial dysfunction analysing the involvement of vascular fibrosis. Method The model used for in vivo studies was the Knockout apolipoprotein E (KO-apoE) mice, which resemble human atherosclerosis and shown high levels of cholesterol (LDL) that can be oxidized to oxLDL. In mice, blood pressure was registered before sacrificed them. After that, we measured different parameters as serum cholesterol levels, vascular function by vascular reactivity in mesenteric arteries and vascular fibrosis in aorta by Sirius Red staining and by the protein expression of fibronectin and collagen-I by immunohistochemistry. In order to investigate the mechanism of action of oxLDL, in vitro studios were performed on human smooth muscle cells (SMC) incubated with oxLDL at different times. Fibrosis was evaluated by the expression of TGF- β and extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and collagen-I by Western blot and by immunofluorescence. ROS production was also measured by fluorescence confocal microscopy, using the CellROX Deep Red probe. Results KO-apoE mice shown higher levels of serum cholesterol and blood pressure than WT animals. Moreover, KO-apoE mice showed endothelial dysfunction since their arteries were less relaxed and more contracted. In addition, these mice presented thickening of vascular wall (SMC layer), more fibrosis showing intense Sirius Red staining and less expression of elastin, all compatible with their vascular dysfunction compared to WT mice. Furthermore, aortas from KO-apoE mice showed a slight increase in fibronectin and collagen-I expression assessed by immunohistochemistry. In vivo studies were confirmed in vitro after treating SMC with oxLDL. oxLDL induced fibrosis in SMC by increasing TGF-β, fibronectin and collagen-I protein expressions evaluated by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Treatment with oxLDL also increased ROS production, which seem to be responsible of oxLDL-induced fibrosis in human SMC, as it was blocked in the presence of the antioxidant N-Acetyl-cysteine. Conclusion In summary, these results point to endothelial dysfunction associated to atherosclerosis (oxLDL) could be mediated by an increase in the development of vascular fibrosis where ROS could play an important role. Therefore, the endothelial dysfunction typical of CKD patients could impair with more vascular fibrosis when atherosclerosis is also present.

Effect of aqueous extract of Agaricus bispporus on lipid profile of female albino mice treated with peroxide

Agaricus bisporus is cultivated edible mushroom . This study is made to evaluate the activity of A. bisporus extract on lipid profile in mice treated with peroxide. 40 females albino mice were chosen and divided into 4 groups (ten mice per each group). The first group was treated with normal saline as a control, the second group received 2ml/kg body weight of peroxide , While the third set received 2ml/kg body weight of peroxide plus 25 mg/ml A bisporus .Besides, the last fourth group received 25 mg/ml of A. bisporus. The Results have showed a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in cholesterol(CH) in group 2 (250.01± 1.05)and group3 (204.25±1.80), while there was no significant decrease in CH level of group 4(170.01±2.01) as compared with control group(184.00± 1.02). As well, there was a significant increase in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in group 2 (159.23±0.9) and group 3 (158.32±2.00), while there was a significant decrease (110.95±1.3) in the level of this parameter in group 4 as compared with the control group(115.98±2.2). Moreover, there was a significant differences in the levels High Density Lipoprotein ( HDL) ,Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Triglyceride and in all treated groups compared with the control group.

Isoflavones, calcium, vitamin D and inulin improve quality of life, sexual function, body composition and metabolic parameters in menopausal women: result from a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

IntroductionMenopause results in metabolic changes that contribute to increase risk of cardiovascular diseases: increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides and decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL), weight gain are associated with a correspondent increase in incidence of hypertension and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a preparation of isoflavones, calcium vitamin D and inulin in menopausal women.Material and methodsWe performed a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 50 patients were randomized to receive either oral preparations of isoflavones (40 mg), calcium (500 mg) vitamin D (300 UI) and inulin (3 g) or placebo (control group). Pre- and post-treatment assessment of quality of life and sexual function were performed through Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI); evaluations of anthropometric indicators, body composition through bioelectrical impedance analyser, lumbar spine and proximal femur T-score and lipid profile were performed.ResultsAfter 12 months, a significant reduction in MENQOL vasomotor, physical and sexual domain scores (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in all FSFI domain scores (p < 0.05) were observed in treatment group. Laboratory tests showed significant increase in serum levels of HDL (p < 0.05). No significant changes of lumbar spine and femur neck T-score (p > 0.05) were found in the same group.ConclusionsAccording to our data analysis, isoflavones, calcium, vitamin D and inulin may exert favourable effects on menopausal symptoms and signs.

Supplementation with two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, reduced body adiposity and Lp-PLA2 activity in overweight subjects

The effect of consumption of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, on weight loss, body adiposity and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activities in overweight subjects was examined. After 12-week probiotic treatment, the probiotic group presented reductions in body weight (−0.65 ± 0.23 kg), body fat percentage (−0.57 ± 0.19%) and body fat mass (−616 ± 161 g) measured using DEXA, and L1 subcutaneous fat area (−2.68 ± 1.31 cm2) measured using CT, compared to baseline. The probiotic group exhibited greater reductions in oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (P < 0.001) and Lp-PLA2 (P < 0.001) and a greater increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size (P = 0.001) than the placebo. The change (△, difference from baseline) in total fat mass correlated with △ Lp-PLA2 (r = 0.480, P < 0.001), which correlated with △ ox-LDL (r = 0.537, P < 0.001). Probiotic-induced weight loss was associated with reductions in fat mass, which correlated with the changes in Lp-PLA2 activities (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02492698).

Abstract P216: The Association Between Reduction in Inflammation and Changes in Lipoprotein Levels and HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Potent anti-inflammatory RA treatments are associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) risk as well as increases in low density lipoprotein (LDL). This apparent paradox may be explained by favorable changes in other lipid measurements. The objective of this study was to determine the longitudinal association between changes in inflammation with advanced lipoprotein measurements and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. Methods and Results: We conducted this study in a longitudinal RA cohort from a large academic center. We included subjects with hsCRP reduction ≥10mg/L at two time points one year apart. Subjects on statins during the study period or 6 months prior were excluded. We measured total cholesterol (TC), LDL, high density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein B (apoB), apoA1, and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity at baseline and one year follow-up. We determined the correlations between reduction in hsCRP and change in lipid parameters using the Pearson test. We studied 90 RA subjects, mean age 57 years, 89% female, all subjects were on disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; median baseline hsCRP was 28.6mg/L and follow-up 4.3 mg/L (reduction of 85%, p&lt;0.0001). We observed significant correlations between a reduction in hsCRP with increases in LDL (r=0.25,p=0.02, Figure 1a), HDL (r=0.23, p=0.03), apoA1 (r=0.27, p=0.01 and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (r=0.24, p=0.02), an overall improvement of efflux capacity of 5.7% (p=5x10 -4 , Figure 1b). Conclusion: Reduction in inflammation was associated increased LDL levels, and concomitant increases in HDL, ApoA1, and improvements in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. These findings provide further insight into lipid modulation and the beneficial effect of reduction in inflammation on lipids in vivo.

The algorithm for the combined treatment of pyoinflammatory ENT diseases in the patients with diabetes mellitus

The objective of the present study was to determine the leading clinical and pathogenetic factors determining the clinical course of the pyoinflammatory ENT diseases in the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to develop the algorithm for the rational therapy of these conditions. A total of 145 patients presenting with pyoinflammatory ENT diseases and concomitant diabetes mellitus were available for the examination that included the microbiological and biochemical studies, determination of the total lipid spectrum, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and glycemic profile. Also, the body mass index of the patients was estimated along with the type and severity of obesity. Moreover, the character of antibacterial and hypoglycemic therapy was evaluated. The mathematical analysis of the data obtained revealed the clinical and biochemical parameters determining the clinical picture of the pyoinflammatory ENT diseases in the patients with diabetes mellitus. These were localization of the pyogenic process in the larynx, abdominal obesity, fasting hyperglycemia in excess of 8.3 mmol/l, and dyslipidemia accompanied by the reduction in the amount of high density lipoproteins to below 40 mg/100 ml and the increase of low density lipoproteins to above 155 mg/100 ml. The results of the study were used to develop the differentialalgorithm for the combined treatment of pyoinflammatory ENT diseases in the patients with diabetes mellitus based on the proposed original scale for the prediction of pyogenic complications.

Antihyperlipidemic effect of &lt;i&gt;Berberis orthobotrys&lt;/i&gt; in hyperlipidemic animal models

The present study was undertaken to evaluate antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous methanolic extract of Berberis orthobotrys in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic animal models. Atorvastatin was used as standard drug. The crude extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly prevented the increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), atherogenic index and coronary risk index in high fat diet, cholesterol, fructose and olive oil-induced hyperlipidemic rat models whereas in ethanol treated mice, the extract reduced VLDL, TG and TC levels. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly increased in high fat diet, olive oil and cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic rats. The reduction in serum level of above parameters with 100 mg/kg dose of extract was comparable with atorvastatin. It is concluded, that B. orthobotrys has atheroprotective and lipid lowering potential. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v9i3.19922

Dislipidemia en el escolar con antecedente de macrosomía o alto peso al nacer

The process of atherosclerosis begins at early ages and is closely related to plasma lipid levels, specifically, an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL). ObjectiveTo determine if high birth weight, or macrosomia, is of predictive value for dyslipidemia in school children. MethodsA descriptive study with a case control design was conducted on two groups of children; one group of 140 children with a history of macrosomia, and another group of 100 children with normal weight at birth, born between January 1992 and December 1995. The aim was the early identification of atherosclerotic risk factors in school children with high weight at birth. Anthropometric variables and lipid profile were studied (cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides). ResultsThere were significant differences between the mean weights of the two groups. There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups in the cholesterol levels (93.57% normal and 6.43% abnormal in the study group, and 90.00% normal and 10.00% abnormal in the control group), or in the values of HDL cholesterol. LDL cholesterol was abnormal in more children in the control group, and abnormal values of triglycerides were observed in 14.00% of cases in the study group 0.00% in the control group. ConclusionHigh birth weight is not a predictive factor for hypercholesterolemia or HDL and LDL-cholesterol esters, but is positive for triglycerides in our study.

English

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to evaluate the association of lipid profile in pre- eclampsia and if there is any change in lipid profiles in pre-eclampsic mother as compared to no pregnant woman and normotensive pregnant mother. METHODS: This case-control study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and gynaecology of Burdwan medical college, Burdwan from 1st June 2012 to 31st May 2013.Total 180 patient were evaluated of which 60 were non-pregnant normotensive,60 were pregnant normotensive and 60 were pre-eclamptic mother. Age group was in between 19-35 years. In case of pregnancy gestational age was in between 32 to 36 weeks. Patients with pre-existing hypertension were excluded. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol VLDL and LDL cholesterol) of one hundred and eighty women with Pre-eclampsia (n=60), normotensive non pregnant women (n=60) and normotensive pregnant woman (n=60) were monitored .Comparison is drawn and analysed by using chi-square test (SPSS 18 software). RESULTS: In preeclampsia there is significant decrease of High density lipoprotein(HDL) and significantly increase of Low density lipoprotein(LDL),Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglycerides concentration seen compared to non pregnant normotensive and pregnant normotensive subjects. CONCLUSION: Lipid metabolism plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia. Increased triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL levels along with decreased HDL-cholesterol levels and high blood pressure are associated with development of preeclampsia and eclampsia. This association may be significant in understanding the pathologic processes of preeclampsia and may help in developing strategies for prevention or early diagnosis of this disorder.

Activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma results in an atheroprotective apolipoprotein profile in HepG2 cells

Insulin resistance is linked to dyslipidemia, characterized by a decrease in high density lipoproteins and an increase in low density lipoproteins. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are insulin-sensitizing agents used to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recently, the safety of certain TZD regimens has been questioned because of associated adverse effects on the plasma lipid profile. We examined the effect of a TZD, Ciglitazone, on apolipoprotein synthesis and secretion in human liver HepG2 cells. The effect of Ciglitazone treatment on apolipoprotein synthesis was addressed at the level of transcription, translation and secretion. RT-PCR showed that Ciglitazone increased the transcription of apoE and apoAI but reduced the levels of apoCI and apoB mRNA. Western blot analysis showed an increase in apoAI and apoE secreted in the cell culture media, whereas the amounts of apoB100 and apoCI were reduced. To confirm that Ciglitazone regulates apolipoprotein translation, its effect on de novo protein synthesis was evaluated by metabolic labeling with [35S]-methionine/cysteine, and a similar pattern of regulation was observed. The change in apolipoprotein levels was not secondary to cholesterol biosynthesis or clearance, since Ciglitazone did not regulate the transcription of HMGCoA reductase, or the LDL receptor. However, mRNA levels for both PPAR-γ and LXRα were induced, suggesting a role for either or both receptors in modulating the hepatic apolipoprotein profile. The involvement of these nuclear receptor transcription factors was confirmed since direct activation of these receptors by endogenous PPAR-γ ligand, 15d-prostaglandin J2, or LXRα ligand, 22(R)hydroxycholesterol, similarly upregulated apoAI and apoE, but down-regulated apoB100 protein synthesis. Our results suggest that Ciglitazone treatment results in an atheroprotective lipoprotein profile in liver cells. Thus, while the adipose and muscle tissues may be primary targets in TZD-mediated glucose homeostasis, liver PPAR-γ contributes significantly to the regulation of plasma lipoprotein profile.

Acceleration of neutrophil precursors’ maturation and immunostimulation of CD3+, CD4+ lymphocytes by stanozolol in mice

The abuse of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) for improved physical performance is associated with many deleterious effects. The present study aims to evaluate the short-term effect of an AAS compound stanozolol, on lipoprotein profile, granulopoiesis and immune response in adult female mice. The mice were assigned to five experimental groups and different doses of stanozolol (low – 0.05mg, medium – 0.5mg, high – 5mg and highest dose – 7.5mg/kg bwt or only vehicle respectively) were administered s.c. for 15 days. A decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) as well as total cholesterol (TC) in all the stanozolol treated groups and an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) in high and the highest dose treated groups indicate that stanozolol alters serum lipoprotein profile.A significant increase in the percentage of myelocytes, metamyelocytes and neutrophils in all the treated mice unveils the stimulation of granulopoiesis through the acceleration of neutrophil precursors’ maturation in the bone marrow of mice. The stimulation of erythropoiesis was also noted in all the treated groups. The flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+ and CD4+) revealed immunoenhancing response of stanozolol at optimum physiological dose, however, it is immunosuppressive at supraphysiologic level. We conclude that stanozolol accelerates granulopoiesis and stimulates immune response (at physiologic level only), though it alters the lipoprotein profile in mice.

A hospital-based case-control study on influencing factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

To investigate the influencing factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in patients with NAFLD and controls without NAFLD in a hospital from January to August in 2007. All data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. One-way analysis of variance found that the two groups were significantly different in cigarette smoking, alcohol and tea comsumption, movement index, speed of food intake, frequency of social engagement, kinds of edible oil, marine products, family history of NAFLD, hypertension, higher blood sugar, abnormality of blood fat, higher level of ALT, higher level of AST, hyperuricemia, obesity, decrease of high density lipoprotein (HDL), and increase of low density lipoprotein. By non-conditional logistic stepwise regression analysis, 12 of 18 factors were used to construct a model, ten of which were the risk factors and two were protective factors of NAFLD. Risk factors included obesity (OR=6.35), hypertension(OR=3.82), dyslipidemia (OR=2.95), decrease of HDL (OR=2.85), hyperglycemia (OR=2.82), increase of ALT (OR=2.80), hyperuricemia (OR=2.35), HBsAg positive (OR=1.99), family history of fatty liver (OR=1.79) and frequently intake of marine products (OR=1.58), and protective factors included tea drinking (OR=0.72) and exercise (OR=0.90). There are many influencing factors of NAFLD, and life styles are the key factors. Genetic background may also play some roles in NAFLD.