Increase In Light Intensity Research Articles

Short-term salt stress reduces photosynthetic oscillations under triose phosphate utilization limitation in tomato.

Triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation is one of the three biochemical limitations of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate in C3 plants. Under TPU limitation, abrupt and large transitions in light intensity cause damped oscillations in photosynthesis. When plants are salt-stressed, photosynthesis is often down-regulated particularly under dynamic light intensity, but how salt stress affects TPU-related dynamic photosynthesis is still unknown. To elucidate this, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was grown with and without sodium chloride (NaCl, 100 mM) stress for 13 d. Under high CO2 partial pressure, rapid increases in light intensity caused profound photosynthetic oscillations. Salt stress reduced photosynthetic oscillations in leaves initially under both low- and high-light conditions and reduced the duration of oscillations by about 2 min. Besides, salt stress increased the threshold for CO2 partial pressure at which oscillations occurred. Salt stress increased TPU capacity without affecting Rubisco carboxylation and electron transport capacity, indicating the up-regulation of end-product synthesis capacity in photosynthesis. Thus salt stress may reduce photosynthetic oscillations by decreasing leaf internal CO2 partial pressure and/or increasing TPU capacity. Our results provide new insights into how salt stress modulates dynamic photosynthesis as controlled by CO2 availability and end-product synthesis.

Influence of Ionic Liquid and Light Intensity on a Polymer Nanostructure Formed in Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Templates.

Utilizing self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) templates with radical photopolymerization shows promise in controlling polymer structure on the nanometer scale This control of nanostructure allows tailoring and enhancement of material properties not attainable in traditional polymerization in applications including hydrogels and stimuli-responsive systems. However, thermodynamically driven phase separation between the polymer and LLC templates often hinders the control of local polymer order and resultant polymer properties. This study investigates an alternative method to control the hydrogel nanostructure and avoid phase separation using imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) in the LLC template while modulating the light intensity used in photopolymerization. The addition of the IL improves the thermodynamic stability and enhances the polymerization rate in the LLC system. The degree of LLC nanostructure retention is increased by increasing light intensities during polymerization. In addition, intermediate concentrations of cross-linker allow a balance between phase stability and cross-linking to lock in LLC morphology. With enhanced retention, the maximum water uptake is significantly higher compared with isotropic controls. These results demonstrate a method to increase the structure on the nanometer scale of a polymer by combining the addition of ILs with the proper selection of light intensity and cross-link density that allows access to unique hydrogel properties. These templated polymers demonstrate enhanced swelling and a stimuli response that show promise in applications ranging from drug delivery to water remediation.

Associations of light exposure patterns with sleep among Dutch children: The ABCD cohort study.

Light exposure affects the circadian system and consequently can affect sleep quality. Only few studies examined this relationship in children. We evaluated associations between light exposure patterns and sleep metrics in children. We measured the sleep parameters of 247 Dutch children, aged between 11 and 13 years and recruited from the ABCD cohort, using actigraphy and sleep records for 7 consecutive nights. Personal light exposures were measured with a light meter during the whole day and night. We applied generalized mixed-effects regression models, adjusted for possible confounders, to evaluate the associations of light exposure patterns on sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep-onset delay. In the models mutually adjusted for potential confounders, we found the amount of hours between the first time of bright light in the morning and going to sleep and the duration of bright light to be significantly associated with decreased sleep duration (in min; β: -2.02 [95% confidence interval: -3.84, -0.25], β: -8.39 [95% confidence interval: -16.70, -0.07], respectively) and with shorter sleep-onset delay (odds ratio: 0.88 [95% confidence interval: 0.80, 0.97], odds ratio: 0.40 [95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.87], respectively). Increased light intensities at night were associated with decreased sleep duration (T2 β: -8.54 [95% confidence interval: -16.88, -0.20], T3 β: -14.83 [95% confidence interval: -28.04, -1.62]), while increased light intensities before going to bed were associated with prolonged sleep onset (odds ratio: 4.02 [95% confidence interval: 2.09, 7.73]). These findings further suggest that children may be able to influence their sleep quality by influencing the light exposure patterns during day and night.

Increased light intensity enhances photosynthesis and biochemical components of red macroalga of commercial importance, Kappaphycus alvarezii, in response to ocean acidification

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased drastically over the past several decades, resulting in the pH of the ocean decreasing by 0.44 ± 0.005 units, known as ocean acidification (OA). The Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae), is a commercially and ecologically important red macroalga with significant CO2 absorption potential from seawater. The K. alvarezii also experienced light variations from self-shading and varied cultivation depths. Thus, the aim of present study was to investigate the effects of two pCO2 levels (450 and 1200 ppmv) and three light intensities (50, 100, and 150 μmol photons·m−2·s−1) on photosynthesis and the biochemical components in K. alvarezii. The results of the present study showed that a light intensity of 50 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 was optimal for K. alvarezii photosynthesis with 0.663 ± 0.030 of Fv/Fm and 0.672 ± 0.025 of Fv’/Fm’. Phycoerythrin contents at two pCO2 levels decreased significantly with an increase in light intensity by 57.14–87.76%, while phycocyanin contents only decreased from 0.0069 ± 0.001 mg g−1 FW to 0.0047 ± 0.001 mg g−1 FW with an increase in light intensity at 1200 ppmv of pCO2. Moreover, moderate increases in light intensity and pCO2 had certain positive effects on the physiological performance of K. alvarezii, specifically in terms of increasing soluble carbohydrate production. Although OA and high light levels promoted total organic carbon accumulation (21.730 ± 0.205% DW) in K. alvarezii, they had a negative impact on total nitrogen accumulation (0.600 ± 0.017% DW).

Highly Light-Harvesting MOF-on-MOF Heterostructure: Cascading Functionality to Flexible Photogating of Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor and Bienzyme Cascade Detection.

Recently, organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) bioanalysis has become a prominent technique for the high-performance detection of biomolecules. However, as a sensitive index of the OPECT, the dynamic regulation transconductance (gm) is still severely deficient. Herein, this work reports a new photosensitive metal-organic framework (MOF-on-MOF) heterostructure for the effective modulation of maximum gm and natural bienzyme interfacing toward choline detection. Specifically, the bidentate ligand MOF (b-MOF) was assembled onto the UiO-66 MOF (u-MOF) by a modular assembly method, which could facilitate the charge separation and generate enhanced photocurrents and offer a biophilic environment for the immobilization of choline oxidase (ChOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) through hydrogen-bonded bridges. The transconductance of the OPECT could be flexibly altered by increased light intensity to maximal value at zero gate bias, and sensitive choline detection was achieved with a detection limit of 0.2 μM. This work reveals the potential of MOF-on-MOF heterostructures for futuristic optobioelectronics.

Light localization near an interface between media with an exponential permittivity profile and a sharply vanishing Kerr nonlinearity with an increasing light intensity

Light localization near an interface between media with an exponential permittivity profile and a sharply vanishing Kerr nonlinearity with an increasing light intensity

Effect of light intensity on celery growth and flavonoid synthesis.

Light is one of the important environmental factors affecting the growth and development of facility vegetables. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of different light intensities on the growth, nutritional quality and flavonoid accumulation of celery under hydroponic and full LED light conditions. Four light intensities of 40, 100, 200, or 300 µmol·m-2·s-1 were set up in the experiment, and three harvest periods were set up on the basis of different light intensities, which were 15, 30, and 45 d after treatment (labeled as S1, S2, and S3, respectively). The results showed that the plant height and aboveground biomass of celery increased with the increase of light intensity, and the light intensity of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 was beneficial to increase the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenols, vitamin C, cellulose, total flavones and apigenin in celery. During the S1-S3 period, the activities of PAL, CHS, CHI and ANS increased gradually under 200 and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 light intensity treatments, and the activities of FNS and CHS enzymes were the highest under 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 light intensity treatment. The expression and ANS activity of Ag3GT, a key gene for anthocyanin synthesis, reached the maximum value at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, and the expression level and FNS activity of AgFNS, a key gene for apigenin synthesis, reached a maximum value at 200 μmol·m-2·s-1. In general, the anthocyanin content was the highest at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, and the apigenin content was the highest at 200 μmol·m-2·s-1. In conclusion, light intensity of 200 µmol·m-2·s-1 treatment was more favorable for celery growth and nutrient synthesis.

Shoot Growth Parameters of Potato Seedlings are Determined by Light and Temperature Conditions

Raising quality hybrid potato true seedlings — derived from hybrid true potato seeds (TPS) — for field transplanting is a critical aspect contributing to the success in cultivating field-transplanted hybrid potato seedling-based crops. Various critical seedling vigour attributes must be defined and enhanced to improve plant performance as well as plant response and adaptation to field conditions after field transplanting. Moreover, additional attributes besides leaf number and stem length should be defined to design selection criteria for “transplantability” of potato seedlings. To assess these attributes and their robustness under different environmental conditions, seedlings of hybrid genotypes were raised under contrasting daylengths, light intensities and temperature regimes, and combinations of these factors, and the effects of these factors (or factor combinations) on seedling vigour and its attributes were quantified. Increased light intensity and daylight integral (DLI) enhanced leaf parameters and increased biomass under long-day conditions, but seedlings did not show conclusive responses under short-day conditions in most attributes. Higher temperatures increased biomass and constant day and night temperatures enhanced compaction of shoot architecture as did higher light intensities — to a greater extent. These results highlight additional seedling vigour attributes including leaf area parameters and seedling biomass which should be utilised to determine “transplantability” of hybrid potato seedlings. Additionally, the results provide a starting point for further research on optimising hybrid seedling production for field transplanting.

Non-negligible photostriction that accompanies the photoinduced phase transition process in VO<sub>2</sub>

<p>VO<sub>2</sub> experiences a transition from an insulating monoclinic phase to a metallic rutile phase near room temperature, which can be triggered by photoexcitation. This unique phenomenon highlights the significant potential of VO<sub>2</sub> in optoelectronic applications. However, the photoinduced shape deformation, also known as photostriction, which occurs during this phase transition has been largely overlooked. Here, we present findings on the photostriction of VO<sub>2</sub> ceramics and investigate the impact of photoinduced phase transition on its photostriction behavior. Large photostriction exceeding 0.1% is achievable in VO<sub>2</sub> ceramics when illuminated by both 405 and 655 nm monochromatic laser. In contrast to the majority of inorganic photostrictive materials, VO<sub>2</sub> demonstrates a nonlinear increase in photostriction as light intensity increases. Upon surpassing the threshold light intensity, the photo-triggered M-to-R phase transition leads to an anomalous increase, approximately 40%, in photostriction. Furthermore, the photoexcited structural evolution and the variation in photostrictive response to different light wavelengths are also depicted by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. This study not only demonstrates VO<sub>2</sub> as an excellent inorganic material for photo-actuating applications, but also validates the effectiveness of utilizing photoinduced phase transition to explore high-performance inorganic photostrictive materials.</p>

IOT-BASED SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEM UTILIZING THINGER.IO FOR WEB MONITORING

One of the factors to consider when producing electrical energy is the ability to produce an adequate amount of energy at a reasonable cost without causing any adverse effects on the environment. The objective of this research was to create a system that ensures that solar panels are always oriented to face the sun, thereby achieving the highest possible level of light intensity. The energy output efficiency of solar panels is considerably improved, resulting in cost savings and a reduced environmental impact, as a result of the increased light intensity received through the use of solar trackers. The solar tracking system was tested by measuring voltage, current, and power with a specially designed instrument. The results indicated that the use of a solar tracker resulted in a 9.87% increase in voltage, a 22.85% increase in current, and a 27.54% increase in power when compared to a static configuration. The voltage measurement error ranged from 0% to 1.4%, while the current measurement error ranged from 0% to 18%. Furthermore, the MPU-6050 sensor exhibited an average tilt angle error of 1.6%.

Identifying the critical LED light condition for optimum yield and flavonoid of pea sprouts

Light, as an energy source and environmental signal, can significantly impact plant growth, development, and metabolism. This study explored three aspects of light environment, including light quality (different red and blue combination), intensity (9–90 μmol/m2/s), and photoperiod (4–20 h/d) to identify and utilize the optimal light conditions for promoting morphogenesis and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in pea (Pisum sativum L.) sprouts of variety Taiwanxiaobaihua. The results showed that dark conditions and red light promoted the longitudinal growth of pea sprouts, while blue light had an inhibitory effect. The appropriate ratio of red and blue light could positively affect the morphological establishment of pea sprouts, promoting the accumulation of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and improving the antioxidant properties. Within a certain light range, the total flavonoid content and total flavonoid yield of pea sprouts showed an increasing trend with the light intensity increase and the photoperiod extension. Precise estimation of optimal light parameters was achieved using regression models, the total flavonoid content, total flavonoid yield, and dry matter mass of pea sprouts reached an optimal amount at red/blue light ratios of 0.33, 0.46, and 0.71, at 105.86, 90.00, and 9.00 μmol/m2/s of light intensity and at 32.33, 23.28 and 8.23 h/d of photoperiod, respectively. Specifically, increasing dry matter mass by 1 mg decrease in total flavonoid content by 0.78 mg in pea sprouts under these conditions. The scientifically guided light regulation technologies can improve the yield and quality of sprouts and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of the sprout industry.

The role of supplemental lighting during late fall and winter on photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis of cut rose flower (Rosa hybrida cv. ‘Dolce Vita’)

ABSTRACT Low levels of natural light within the late fall and winter periods are main restricting factors for greenhouse-cut rose flower production in northern countries. Here, the effects of supplemental lighting on photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments and the morphological response of cut rose flower cv. ‘Dolce Vita’ were investigated. Four different supplemental lighting regimes, including 85, 170, 255, and 340 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD using a high-pressure sodium lamp for a six-hour day extension started at sunset were applied to rose plants during late fall and winter. With increasing light intensity to 255 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD, the content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, carotenoid content, and the ratio of chlorophylls a/b as well as amount of anthocyanins greatly improved. The highest phenol content and total antioxidant capacity was observed in 170 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD. Moreover, extending of daylength by light intensity of 255 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD had a significant affirmative effect on traits of growth, including flower stem length (P < 0.01), leaf number (P < 0.05), renewal bud formation (P < 0.05), time of harvesting (P < 0.05), and vase life of cut flowers (P < 0.01). Considering physiological and morphological improvement, extending of daylength from 10-h to 16-h by supplemental light of 255 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD would be the best choice to cultivate cut rose flower cv. ‘Dolce Vita’.

Growth and photosynthetic physiology of holopelagic Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) under laboratory conditions

SummarySpecies of holopelagic Sargassum are responsible for Caribbean golden tides, commonly known as ‘Sargassum events’. These events mainly comprise Sargassum fluitans and Sargassum natans I, which are exposed to high levels of irradiance, but also self‐shading within their floating masses. In this study, we grew S. fluitans and S. natans I and acclimated them to low‐light conditions at 23°C in the laboratory to explore their responses to increasing light intensities. Photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and pigment content were evaluated over 3 weeks. S. fluitans and S. natans I photoacclimate to higher irradiances by decreasing their chlorophyll a and c contents. An increase in maximum photosynthesis and respiration rates was observed under high light, although differences occurred in the saturation irradiance and the initial slope of the photosynthesis versus irradiance curve. These adjustments were reflected in S. fluitans daily growth (from 2% to 7% d−1 at low to high light, respectively) and tissue nitrogen content (1.6–2.7%) but were absent in S. natans I (~1% d−1). The photosynthetic physiology of S. fluitans under these conditions suggests lower light requirements without compromising growth; however, under high light a higher photosynthetic performance was observed. Combining physiological and growth studies in holopelagic Sargassum species will serve as a baseline to understand and explain the success and overgrowth of these species along the Caribbean coast.

Additional Lighting Effects for Photovoltaic Improvements in the Performance of Solar Cells

The basic function of the water flow lens (WFL) system is to cool, decrease, and increase light intensity with inevitable spectral oscillations, but in reality, that manipulation helps to better understand the possible additional optical and light effects and, thus, the nature of light itself, in the hopes of making significant progress toward the use of solar energy. According to the published research on a variety of solar devices, including commercial monocrystalline and amorphous Si‐solar cells, differently designed Sb2S3‐based solar cells made of synthesized undoped and doped semiconductors, and dye‐sensitized solar cells (Dyesol/Greatcell Solar DSL 30 NRD‐T) with varying sensitizers and cosensitizers, photovoltaic performance using the WFL system can show significant improvements in all tested conditions. Based on all previous results on different solar devices, many potential explanations for demonstrating common extra‐light effects for an increase in the performance of solar cells are experimentally compared and discussed. The theoretical history of the nature of light is reviewed, and our findings are commented on along with new disclosure.

Enhancing optoelectronic performance of two-dimensional organic perovskites through anchoring groups: A first-principles study

Anchoring groups interface modification is one of the effective methods for regulating the stability and photoelectric properties of two-dimensional (2D) perovskites. In this paper, Pb-free 2D organic calcium titanium perovskite MA2SnI4 are chosen to investigate the effects of 11 representative anchoring groups on the crystal structure, electronic properties, and optical properties of 2D organic perovskites by using First-principles calculation methods. The results show that the role played by halogen bonds in the stabilization of the interfacial structure cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, the adsorption of anchoring groups affects the stability of 2D MA2SnI4 to different degrees. Interestingly, the adsorption of anchoring groups caused the absorption spectra of 2D MA2SnI4 to be red-shifted with different degrees, among which the addition of fluorobenzene red-shifted the absorption spectra by the farthest distance, whereas benzoic acid not only red-shifted the absorption spectra but also enhanced the light absorption intensity of them the most. The redshift of the absorption spectra and the increase in light absorption intensity result in improved light absorption efficiency of 2D MA2SnI4 near visible light. This provides a good reference value for the design of solar cells.

Logic controller for poultry environment monitoring

Global meat production, with an emphasis on the pork and poultry industries, plays a fundamental role in the global economy, with Brazil standing out in this scenario. However, due to the country's microclimatic diversity, collecting accurate climate data at a local level is challenging, as official weather stations are often distant from breeders. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a low-cost logic controller based on Arduino and economical sensors for environmental monitoring in animal production facilities. The device is capable of measuring temperature, relative humidity, and luminosity with high precision. The experiment was conducted in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and validated from October to December 2022. The results reveal that the temperature and humidity sensor perform excellently, highlighting its high sensitivity and precision in measurements. However, the luminosity sensor, although it presents a satisfactory agreement, suggests room for improvement, especially in relation to the spectral response, which widens its difference as the light intensity increases. The equipment is capable of identifying conditions of thermal discomfort in animals, playing a fundamental role in promoting sustainable production and mitigating stress. Furthermore, continuous data collection at short intervals offers significant benefits compared to manual methods, generating reliable information for the management of breeding facilities. The economic accessibility and practicality of the equipment make it a viable solution, especially for small producers. The device provides an effective way to collect data in real-time, contributing to the optimization of animal production. This study offers an accurate and affordable solution for improving animal welfare and increasing productivity, contributing to the sustainability of the meat industry.

INTERAKCJA POMIĘDZY INTENSYWNOŚCIĄ ŚWIATŁA A STRESEM SUSZY I ICH WPŁYW NA WZROST SIEWEK PSZENICY

In this paper, wheat seedlings were exposed to different levels of photon flux density (PFD) and drought stress. Seedlings of the wheat cv. Goplana were cultivated in controlled conditions in a miniphytotrone and exposed to three different photosynthetic photon flux densities (400, 800, and 1200 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1) and drought stress (a water potential of −0.6 MPa). The Hoagland’s solution-treat- ed seedlings served as a control. The fresh and dry matter of the overground parts and roots, rela- tive chlorophyll concentration, electrical conductivity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. Drought stress decreased the biomass of wheat seedlings, cv. Goplana. Higher intensities of photosynthetically active irradiation stimulated biomass growth both under control conditions and under drought stress. Drought and higher PFD intensity resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll content. Only the highest light intensity, together with drought stress, negatively affected the structure of cell membranes, increasing their permeability. Both of the applied stress factors did not cause significant changes in the values of the determined parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of wheat seedlings. These results suggest that the increase in light intensity has a mobilising effect on the plant, stimulating the development of biomass both under control conditions and under drought stress. No changes in the values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under the influence of different light intensities and drought stress may indicate that there were no significant disturbances in the course of the light phase of photosynthesis in the leaves of the tested seedlings.

Annealing-induced characterization of sputtered V2O5 thin films and Ag/V2O5/p-Si heterojunctions

V2O5 thin films were deposited on glass and p-type silicon substrates by radio frequency (RF) sputtering of a single V2O5 target. Half of the samples were annealed at 500 °C at room ambient for an hour. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of the thin films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Vis data. The results showed that while the as-grown V2O5 thin films had smooth surfaces with an amorph phase, annealed films had rougher surfaces with grains in the polycrystalline phase. It is also reported that the band gap of V2O5 thin films decreased from 2.47 to 2.37 eV. Furthermore, the electrical properties of Ag/V2O5/p-Si junctions were analyzed by current-voltage (I–V) measurements. It was presented that both Ag/V2O5/p-Si structures with as-grown and annealed V2O5 thin films had exciting rectifying behaviors. It was observed that while the barrier heights of the rectifying junctions were nearly the same, the ideality factor and series resistance values of the Ag/V2O5/p-Si device fabricated by annealed V2O5 thin film were higher than the device with as grown V2O5 thin film. Finally, the photoelectrical properties of both samples were analyzed by I–V under various light intensities. It was seen that both Ag/V2O5/p-Si devices had exciting photosensing behavior. While the increase in reverse bias current values with the increase in light intensity was observed for both devices, it was seen that the device obtained by as-grown thin film had much more sensitivity to light.

Thermal energy storage characteristics of carbon-based phase change composites for photo-thermal conversion

Capture and utilization of solar energy using phase change materials (PCMs) can effectively answer the challenge of solar intermittency. However, the flaws of low thermal conductivity and poor thermal stability of PCMs limit their practical applications, and the selective absorption of solar energy also hinders it to achieve high photo-thermal conversion. In this work, a novel PCM was synthesized by adding expanded graphite and olefin block copolymers blended within paraffin wax. Enhanced thermal conductivities were realized that a 17.12 W/(m·K) in the vertical compression direction and 4.71 W/(m·K) in the parallel compression direction, which were 68.48 and 18.84 times in contrast to that of raw paraffin wax. A maximum solar absorptance of 97.47 % was achieved, and the photo-thermal conversion and energy storage capacity in the vertical compression direction were superior using the novel PCM. With the increase in light intensity, this PCM completed phase transition faster, reached a higher equilibrium temperature, and exhibited an outstanding thermal stability and cyclic stability within the assisted electron conductivity. Additionally, commercial software was also used to simulate thermoelectric applications of the PCM in real-world settings. This study provides new ideas for preparation and solar-thermal applications of anisotropic carbon-based PCMs.

Optimization of NiFe oxygen evolution reaction catalytic electrode based on characterization of onset potential distribution

Lower onset potential and uniform distribution of catalytic performance are crucial for catalytic electrodes. This study presents a method for characterizing the spatial distribution of the initial potential on the surface of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic electrode using total internal reflection imaging (TIRi). By applying linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with incremental positive potential to the electrode, the surface of the electrode generates micro-to-nanometer-sized O2 bubbles during the initial phase of OER, resulting in an increase in light intensity and a decrease in the effective refractive index (RI). By establishing the relationship between light intensity and potential, the spatial distribution of the OER onset potential can be quantified, enabling direct visualization of the electrode's surface and its catalytic activity. Furthermore, we applied the TIRi method to assess the influence of different substrates and electrodeposition conditions on the catalytic activity, repeatability, and durability of NiFe catalytic electrodes. This research contributes to the evaluation of various electrode deposition methods for large-scale catalytic electrodes and the rational manufacturing of efficient OER electrodes in industrial energy devices, promoting the development of the hydrogen energy field.