Increase In Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

Increased knowledge levels ofpatients with diabetes inresource-limited communities after receiving peer-led education.

Diabetes self-management education through peer support has been beneficial, especially in regions with limited medical resources. Studying the effects of education offered by trained peersof patients will facilitate tailoring the peer-led education programs to the regions' specific needs. Here, we evaluated changes in diabetes-related indicators in Filipino patients who received a peer-led education. We used data on 23 patients (age, 67.83 ± 6.69 years; 82.6% female) who participated in all five surveys performed every 6 months from March 2017 to March 2019. After the second survey until the end of this study, the participants were educated in diabetes self-management by their 13 peers who previously had received the training in diabetes self-management. Participants' knowledge of diabetes and the related 'cause, risk factors, nature of diabetes and complications' subindicator were greater on all surveys after starting the peer-led education compared with those on the second survey (i.e.before starting the education); these values did not differ between the first two surveys. Because increasing patients' knowledge can enhance their ability to self-manage their disease and thus improve their quality of life, strategies to expand patients' knowledge about diabetes should be included when organizing peer-led education in regions with limited medical resources.

SOSIALISASI UPAYA PREVENTIF PENYEBARAN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) di SMAN 15 MUARO JAMBI

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a global public health problem. However, Indonesia has decided to conduct Face-to-face Learning in the learning process. Schools need to implement strict health protocols to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the school. Schools (teachers and education personnel) have an essential role in monitoring and ensuring the implementation of health protocols. Therefore, socialization about preventing the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) must be done at SMAN 15 Muaro Jambi Regency. The target of the socialization was teachers and education staff at SMAN 15 Muaro Jambi Regency. The Pondok Meja Health Center and the community service team delivered the socialization material using lecture and discussion methods. This activity also measures knowledge before and after socialization. Data were analyzed univariate and bivariate using the Wilcoxon test. Seventeen teachers and education staff attended the socialization activity. The results showed that respondents' average level of knowledge before socialization was 7.94, with a standard deviation of 0.899, and after socialization was 8.35, with a standard deviation of 1.455. The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in the respondents' knowledge before and after socialization. However, there was an increase in the average level of knowledge before and after, from 7.94 to 8.35. Through this socialization, it is hoped that schools can improve the implementation of COVID-19 prevention efforts in schools during face-to-face learning.

Clinical trial knowledge among cancer survivors in the United States: The role of health information technology.

e24039 Background: Clinical trials are essential in the evaluation of new antineoplastic therapies. However, studies have consistently reported suboptimal levels of clinical trial knowledge among adult cancer patients, and less than 5% of them participate in clinical trials. Health information technology (HIT) has shown promise in health promotion and may prove useful in bridging the knowledge gap in clinical trials among cancer survivors. Methods: We obtained data from 3,865 adults who completed the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey of which 626 (16.2%) were cancer survivors. Using chi-squared tests, we examined the prevalence of HIT use in the general population and by cancer history. We also examined the impact of HIT use on clinical trial knowledge separately for cancer survivors and those with no cancer history using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: 63.8% of cancer survivors reported having some knowledge of clinical trials. Almost half of them used HIT to communicate with doctors (47.1%) and make health appointments (49.4%), about two-fifths (42.2%) used HIT in checking test results and 68.0% reported using HIT to look up health information online. In the adjusted models, the use of HIT in communicating with doctors [OR 2.79; 95% CI (1.41, 5.54)], checking test results [OR 2.47; 95% CI (1.12, 5.43)] and looking up health information online [OR 2.84; 95% CI (1.04, 7.77)] was associated with increased knowledge of clinical trials. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a positive association between HIT utilization and higher clinical trial knowledge levels. These results are encouraging given the rapid increase in mobile technology access globally and the increased use of HIT since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a potential opportunity to leverage digital technology in improving clinical trial participation by increasing knowledge levels.

Time-related changes in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among followers of various religions in India

Background: The public knowledge levels about Human Immunodeficiency-Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) have been assessed in previous studies; however, time-related trends in association with socio-demographic standards among the followers of major religions in India are not known. Objectives: We assessed the 2005-06, 2015-16, and 2019-21 demographic and health survey (DHS) data from India to investigate trends in the levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Hindus, Muslims, and Christians in relation to standard socio-demographic variables over a period of 16 years. Methods: The age range of the population was 15-54 years (n=611,821). The HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was assessed by developing a composite index based on ten questions about several aspects of HIV/AIDS, such as the mode of spread. We applied Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to investigate whether people had heard about HIV/AIDS and their overall HIV knowledge in relation to several socio-demographic standards. Results: Generally, a higher increase in knowledge level was found between the first and second DHS surveys (2006-2016) as compared to between the second and third DHS surveys (2016-2021). We found the highest increase in the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among Christian men than among Christian women followed by Hindus, whereas Muslims had the least increase over 16 years. Being a female, uneducated, poor, previously married, and having rural residence were associated with the highest increase in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Christian men had the highest increase in HIV/AIDS-related knowledge then came Christian women and followers of other religions. We also found the highest increase in HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among the poorest, uneducated, and rural residents. Our findings may help formulate public health strategies targeting various less knowledgeable groups to reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Intervention on Good Touch and Bad Touch among School Going Children in Selected School of Sasaram

INTRODUCTION: Touch is a basic human need for existence. From the minute we are born to our last breath, touch nurtures us.1 The purpose of research was to provide education for every school child about good touch and bad touch so that the child can protect himself in this threatening condition. School age is one of the prime time in human development. Early childhood experience ultimately affect the personality of child in later period. Touch is a way of expression, communicating affection, reassurance, comfort, care concern. Which are vary essential in the life of an individual. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of video assisted intervention on good touch and bad touch among school going children in selected school of Sasaram METHODOLOGY: A quantitative approach, true experimental post-test design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programs on good touch and bad touch among 60 school children, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria at selected government schools of Sasaram. Simple random technique was employed to select the samples. Good touch bad touch knowledge was assessed using a self structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and Chi square as well as independent t-test. RESULT: The two tailed P value is less than 0.0001, by the conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study it is concluded that a video assisted teaching program pertaining to good touch and bad touch is an effective program in improving the knowledge and awareness amongst the children, which has been depicted in the result, that there was a marked increase in post-test level of knowledge.

Teenagers Indulgement in Drug: A Study on Different Socio-Economic Groups in Urban and Rural Bangladesh

Abstract: Objective: To find out the causes, level of knowledge and sources of drugs among drug addicted teen agers. Materials & Methods: It was cross sectional mixed method type of study conducted at different shelter homes at Dhaka and Mymensingh from January 2022 to November 2022. Study population were the teen agers, age 14-19 years old patients admitted to the shelter homes. Data was collected by face to face interview with pretested structured and unstructured questionnaire. Results: Majority of the respondent 41.2% was between the age group 17 & 18 and 73%^ were college going. 51.3% of the respondent were from a family with 43 people. Majority 57.2% father’s education was graduate level and mothers 34.8% were secondary or equitable passed. 41.7% father was service holder and majority 69.51% of the mother was housewives. Mean family income was 63320.86  27362.44. Maximum teen agers 43.85% believe drugs increases the joy of life and 90% of the respondent knowledge regarding different sides of drug abuse is poor. Conclusion: The study revealed that teen agers knowledge regarding different sides of drug abuse is poor. Different government, non-government organization, traditional social control agencies, law enforcement organizations and research in intervention program about different aspect of drugs indulgent need to be done to increase knowledge level of teen agers against drug addiction.

Effectiveness of Learning Package on Knowledge Regarding Child Rearing Among Mothers of Under Five Children

Background: Children are future of society and mothers are guardian of that future, foremost health, safety, and nutrition are important for under five children. Child rearing refer generally to all interactions between mothers and children. They often are unaware that their child rearing knowledge that can affect their children's health includes healthy food habits, Developmental milestones, and preventive measures of accidents. Mothers of under-five children does not have adequate knowledge about child rearing. Thus, by educating theme helps to update knowledge. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of learning package on knowledge regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children. Methodology: A Quasi- experimental Two group pre-test post-test design and non-probability purposive sampling techniques was adopted to assess the effectiveness of learning package. The sample size was and equally divided into two group,30 in each group (experimental and control group). Result: The finding of the study reveals that majority of mothers of under-five children belong to the age group 21-25 years. In the experimental group pre-test mean ± SD of level knowledge was 8.47 ± 2.54 were significant different with post-test mean ± SD was 20.2± 2.55. In the experimental group pre-test post-test obtained calculated “t” value was (15.41), Mean Difference was 11.73. p-value (<0.0001) was less than 0.05. In the control group and experimental group there was a significance association between marital status and level of knowledge among mothers of under-five children at 0.05 level of significance. Others demographic variables had no significant association with level of knowledge regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children. Conclusion: The result showed that there was a significant increase in level of knowledge among mothers of under-five children in the experimental group after administration of learning package.

Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Knowledge regarding patient Safety among 2nd and 3rd year Nursing students of AIIMS Raipur

Background: Patient Safety is “The prevention of errors and adverse effects to patients associated with health care” and “To do no harm to patients. In the newspapers and other social medias, we are coming across the medical errors that are happening frequently which are not only affecting patient’s life and suffering of their families but also create a disturbance in life of medical staffs both emotionally and financially. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of educational intervention on knowledge regarding Patient Safety among 2nd and 3rd year nursing students of AIIMS Raipur. Methodology: Quantitative research approach and pre-experimental (one group pre-test post-test) design was adopted. The conceptual framework of the study was Modified Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Model. Simple random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample with sample size of 120. The Data was collected using H-PEPSS tool. Findings: The mean score of pre-test is 101.1 and mean score of post-test is 164.6 and the mean improvement in knowledge is 63.5. The paired t-value was 27.5 significant at p <0.05 level of significance. Thus it indicates the effectiveness of educational intervention programme regarding Patient Safety among 2nd and 3rd year nursing student of AIIMS Raipur. Conclusion: In the post-test there is significant increase in level of knowledge as compared to the pre-Test level of Knowledge. Therefore, it concluded that the educational intervention was effective in improving the knowledge among 2nd and 3rd year nursing students regarding patient safety.

Evaluation of a Web-Based Intervention for Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) comprise a group of rare diseases originating from the trophoblast affecting women of childbearing age. Providing optimal information to patients with a rare disease is challenging because of the small number of patients and limited clinical expertise of many healthcare professionals. Both knowledge and lack of knowledge in patients may influence illness perception. We investigated whether a web-based interactive intervention influences illness perception and knowledge in women with GTD. Design: This was a multicenter randomized control trial conducted at general and academic hospitals in the Netherlands, including newly diagnosed GTD patients between 2017 and 2019. Methods: Sixty-nine patients were randomized between direct access or postponed access to an online tool on GTD and received online questionnaires about illness perception, knowledge, and anxiety. The main outcome measures were illness perception (primary outcome measure) and knowledge (secondary outcome measure). Results: Patients using the online tool were satisfied with the information from the tool (92%). Although they had a higher level of knowledge compared to the control group (p = 0.006), illness perception did not change. Also, no differences in levels of anxiety, depression, or distress were observed between the groups. Limitations: Participants had access to other information sources and many searched other websites. It is unknown what kind of websites were visited and when. It is unknown if the increased knowledge levels and low levels of distress will sustain over time as no long term follow-up took place. Healthcare professionals were not interviewed on how they experienced the consultation before and after using the tool by the patients. Conclusions: The online tool did not change illness perception but was shown to be valuable for newly diagnosed GTD patients to gain knowledge. The improvement in knowledge after digital education indicates that this tool can be used as an effective method of supporting GTD patients’ informational needs without causing extra distress. Tweetable : A web-based tool for trophoblastic disease does not change illness perception of patients but is valuable to gain knowledge.

An Experimental Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Strategic Teaching Module on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Cervical Cancer Among Women of Reproductive Age Residing in Selected Urban Area of Maharashtra State

This study has been undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of a Strategic Teaching Module on knowledge regarding prevention of Cervical Cancer among women of reproductive age residing in selected urban area of Maharashtra. The abnormal growth of cells with the capacity to invade or spread to other parts of the body is what causes cervical cancer. A quantitative research approach was adopted for this particular study. A one group pre-test and post-test experimental design was used to determine the effect of Strategic Teaching Module on knowledge of women of reproductive age regarding prevention of Cervical cancer. The study comprised of 50 women of reproductive age who fulfilled inclusive criteria and were drawn by Purposive Sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) was used for collecting data from the study participants. The content Validity of the tool was established in consultation with 10 experts from the field of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Medical Surgical Nursing, an educationist and a statistician. Further, the Reliability coefficient of knowledge questionnaire was calculated using the Karl Pearson correlation coefficient method. However, a formal permission was obtained from authorities concerned for data collection. Later, the Collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the mean score among women of reproductive age was 12 during pre-test rose up to 19 in the post-test evaluation. Result interpreted that there was a significant increase in knowledge level of women of reproductive age after the intervention and the calculated ‘t’ value was greater than the table value of ‘t’ at 0.05 level. This indicates that Strategic Teaching Module was effective in improving the knowledge of the women of reproductive age. Keywords: Effectiveness, Strategic Teaching Module, Cervical Cancer, Knowledge, Women of reproductive age

Mid - Term Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding HIV/AIDS among Road Construction Workers in Kwale County, Kenya

Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) about HIV/ AIDS form a foundation upon which interventions against the disease can be anchored. Migration for socio-economic purposes as well as availability of readily available and disposable income especially for low cadre workers pre-disposes them to risky sexual behavior, with resultant increased risk of HIV infection. Construction workers are classified as key vulnerable populations to HIV infection because of their mobile nature, lack of adequate information and other socio-economic and cultural factors. The objective of the study was to assess HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) among construction workers, at mid - term period of a HIV program being implemented in Kwale County, along the Kenyan Coast. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey design, which used a quantitative method. The participants were forty (40) construction workers, who were randomly chosen from five (5) consortium companies, located in Kwale County of the Kenyan Coast. Forty (40) self-administered individual interviews were conducted. The study tool was an in-depth questionnaire. Quantitative data was processed using a web-based online platform (JIBUSASA) into statistical tables, which were processed further into charts and text. The mid-term KAP findings indicate an increase in knowledge levels, and positive change of attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS amongst the construction workers. It can be concluded from the study that prevention, awareness and supportive interventions can yield positive changes towards mitigating the negative effects of the disease, along its elimination continuum.

Effect of Educational Video on Maternal Nutrition, Hygiene and Sanitation Among Maternal Age Group Women: A Prospective Interventional Study from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

Introduction: Interventions that try to alter behaviour in order to promote health and disease management are typically time and resource-consuming. At the moment, boosting maternal and child nutrition is the main focus of nutrition programs in India. This paper discusses the most effective methods to change eating habits, hygiene, and sanitisation particularly the significance of contemporary Information Technology (IT) in health education. Aim: To determine the pre education knowledge level and create awareness regarding maternal nutrition, hygiene and sanitation through the developed education video on personal hygiene and sanitation among maternal-aged group women. Materials and Methods: The community-based prospective interventional study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2021 by using the prospective intervention study design. Based on the Socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurement, and clinical assessment, specific questions regarding dietary knowledge and personal hygiene were recorded by using the questionnaire. By using the recorded data through a questionnaire, 100 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling and divided into the control group (n=50) and experimental group (n=50) involved in the intervention study. The experimental group which consisted of 50 respondents was grouped into two groups E1 (n=25) and E2 (n=25) and educated separately (due to COVID-19 restriction on mass gatherings) three times a month at 15 days intervals. The nutrition education intervention was given through an educational video in the Hindi language. The effects of the intervention were studied among the participants of the experimental group. The control group did not receive any nutritional awareness sessions. Knowledge level before and after the education intervention was recorded by using the self-structured questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple questions. The data was analysed by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. Results: Analysis was done for the complete data collected from 100 participants (15-35 years of age, 50 in each control and experimental group) included in the present study. The mean age of maternal age group women was 22 years. No significant difference was found between the knowledge of the control and experimental group at baseline (p-value >0.05). However, the post-intervention, there was significant gain in knowledge in the experimental group (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: It was found that providing the nutrition education through the developed information and communication technology proved effective by increasing knowledge level among the maternal aged group women.

UTILIZING MHEALTH (MOBILE HEALTH) MESSAGING TO INCREASE UPTAKE OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING SERVICES: IMPACT, PERCEPTIONS, AND EXPERIENCES FROM LUSAKA PROVINCE, ZAMBIA

Background: Cervical cancer screening rates in Zambia have remained low for women 25 - 59 years old despite efforts to raise awareness among women using different communication platforms. The mHealth for cervical cancer used mass messaging and was implemented to complement already existing interventions aimed at increasing knowledge levels and the number of women accessing screening services.
 Methods: A concurrent mixed methods design was used. Quantitative data was collected using telephone interviews with both women and men to whom text messages on cervical cancer screening had been sent. The qualitative data was collected using focus group discussions and key informant interviews, and focused on the implementation process as well as the perceptions and experiences of the users. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (proportions).
 Results: From the 990 (473 men and 517 women) participants sampled in the survey, only 46% of the women and 34% of men had received the short message services (SMSs). The SMSs resulted into 14% (72) of women going for screening for the first time, and 4% (22) for follow-up screening, totaling 18% (94). The intervention was described as appropriate because it resulted in more awareness about cervical cancer; and the frequency, time of day of transmission, the language and content of the SMSs were perceived good. The challenges experienced include low number of SMSs successfully delivered to the target population (50%), and the high cost of transmission.
 Conclusion: Despite the challenges experienced, the mCervical cancer intervention showed moderate effectiveness in reaching women and encouraging them to go for first time and follow-up screening.

Sosialisasi Upaya Preventif Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID) di SMAN 15 Muaro Jambi

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a global public health problem. However, Indonesia has decided to conduct Face-to-face Learning in the learning process. Schools need to implement strict health protocols to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the school. Schools (teachers and education personnel) have an essential role in monitoring and ensuring the implementation of health protocols. Therefore, socialization about preventing the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) must be done at SMAN 15 Muaro Jambi Regency. The target of the socialization was teachers and education staff at SMAN 15 Muaro Jambi Regency. The Pondok Meja Health Center and the community service team delivered the socialization material using lecture and discussion methods. This activity also measures knowledge before and after socialization. Data were analyzed univariate and bivariate using the Wilcoxon test. Seventeen teachers and education staff attended the socialization activity. The results showed that respondents' average level of knowledge before socialization was 7.94, with a standard deviation of 0.899, and after socialization was 8.35, with a standard deviation of 1.455. The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in the respondents' knowledge before and after socialization. However, there was an increase in the average level of knowledge before and after, from 7.94 to 8.35. Through this socialization, it is hoped that schools can improve the implementation of COVID-19 prevention efforts in schools during face-to-face learning.Keywords: COVID-19, prevention, school, socialization

Assessment of Extension Interventions for Management of PBW for Enhancing Cotton Production through Frontline Demonstrations among Cotton Growers in Khammam District of Telangana

Frontline Demonstrations were conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Wyra, Khammam district, Telangana, India during kharif (June–December) from 2019, 2020 and 2021 in different villages of Khammam district. Total 30 demonstrations were laid out on farmers’ fields in the district. The main objective was management of PBW with various technological interventions. The study revealed that 70.00% of the respondents had high school or above education, 46.67% of the respondents had more than 10 years of experience in farming, 100.00% gap was observed on use of pheromone traps and Trichogamma cards. The average yield recorded was 2207 kg ha-1 in demonstration plot, a 22.75% increase over farmer’s practice (1808 kg ha-1). The technology gap under 3 year FLD programme was 1043 kg ha-1,extension gapwas 399 kg ha-1 with a technology index of 32.09%. The demonstrated plots gave higher gross returns, net return with higher benefit cost ratio when compared to farmer’s practice. In present study efforts were also made to study the impact of FLDs on horizontal spread which increased by 221.42%, adoption levels by 130.60%. The study also revealed that there was significant increase in knowledge level of the farmers due to frontline demonstrations, a significant and positive relationship existed between age of the respondent, education, farm size, farming experience, trainings received and extension contacts with yield of cotton.

Emotion-focused communication training online: Development and evaluation of acceptability

ABSTRACT Emotion-focused communication can improve the delivery of care for long-term care recipients, especially individuals’ living with dementia. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the process of translating the Emotion-Focused Communication Training (EFCT) for long-term care staff from an in-person workshop to an online program and evaluate its acceptability and impact on knowledge of emotion-focused communication and perceived self-efficacy for utilizing emotion-focused communication. The online course was developed following the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) Model. The program teaches participants to better identify and manage their own emotions and others’ emotions in care. Pre- and post-training t-test comparisons on data collected from 247 caregivers across disciplines in long-term care (direct care workers, life-enrichment/activities staff, health care providers, case managers, health educators, students, administrators, ombudsmen, dietary, housekeeping, or maintenance staff, human resources employees, family care partners, and others) indicated a significant increase in level of knowledge of emotion-focused communication and confidence in applying the learned knowledge and skills in care (increased self-efficacy). Participants also reported high levels of program acceptability. Overall, findings indicate the benefits of translating an in-person training opportunity for caregivers into an interactive online experience; implications for caregivers and care recipients are discussed.

The effect of additional lessons on elementary school students’ knowledge level in Pucakwangi, Lamongan

Background: The progress of a region is greatly influenced by the quality of its human resources (HR). This isinseparable from the level of knowledge of the community as human resources in an area that must be fostered fromanearly age. Methods: Additional lessons are given to elementary school students of MIM 03 and MI Al-Huda. Data collectionusedaknowledge questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge before and after the implementation of all additional learning sessionswhich were carried out 8 times within 4 weeks. The subject of this study were 19 elementary school childreninPucakwangi Village, Lamongan. Results: The results showed an increase in the results of the knowledge questionnaire on the post test. Conclusion: This study concludes that additional lessons have a positive impact on subject knowledge, and a sustainableprogram is needed to maintain or even increase knowledge levels and quality of human resources.

PKM Kelompok Ternak Kambing Bali Farms Desa Kesiut Dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah Usaha Melalui Rekayasa Pakan Kaya Nutrisi (Repakansi)

This service aims to increase the knowledge and value-added of the Bali Farms goat group business through nutrient-rich feed engineering (Repakansi). The service methods were Knowledge Transfer, Technology Transfer (TT), Science and Technology Diffusion, and Entrepreneurship Capacity Building approaches. This community service partner was the Bali Farms goat group, Kesiut Tabanan Village, Bali. The results of this service showed that the level of knowledge of the Bali farms goat group regarding nutrient-rich feed engineering (Repakansi) for goats was 45% at the pretest and 83% at the posttest, with a percentage increase of 92%. Thus, the mandatory output target is achieved, which was 90-100% of partners showing an increase in the percentage level of knowledge in making reparations.

Knowledge Gap Causing Discontinuance of SRI: A Study in Tribal Region of Odisha

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method is being ideally suited to the small farmers in India where rice productivity is comparatively low. But, it has been observed that the farmers are not enthusiastic to continue the practice in spite of all efforts made. Inadequate knowledge about the practices might be the reasons for the discontinuance of the method. A study was therefore, conducted with 96 farmers in the tribal region of Sundargarh district in Odisha to assess the knowledge deficiencies that causing discontinuance of SRI. The findings revealed that the farmers had inadequate knowledge on raising nursery bed at 80-100 cms height, putting single sprouted seed in line in nursery bed, sub-matting at two meters distance, putting seedlings in a thin metal sheet for easy transplanting, use of recommended quantity of well decomposed FYM/manure per hectare, green manuring and vermicomposting to supplement organic manure, minimum of four weeding at ten days interval, alternate drying and wetting of the main field, light irrigation during hair line cracks and keeping 2-3 cms standing water after flowering. Socio – economic attributes like family size, housing pattern, social participation, education, use of agricultural implements, extension contact and annual income had significant influence in increasing knowledge level of the respondents. It is therefore suggested that the extension officials of the state department of Agriculture and Non- Government Organizations promoting SRI have to take possible approaches to expose the respondents further particularly with poor knowledge on practices enabling them to realize the benefits of all these practices and may continue SRI method of rice cultivation for better production till they get better technology.

Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding early identification and home care management of Alzheimer’s disease among family of elderly persons at selected hospital

Aim: A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding and homecaremanagement of Alzheimer’s disease among family members of elderly persons.Study design: A Quasi experimental design is used this study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Dr.Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai,Chennai it is 300 beddedhospital.The study duration is 2 weeks.Methodology: The researcher used the Non-probability purposive sampling technique. Population is the family members of elderlyclients made distribution between target and accessible population. The sample size was 60 family members in elderly persons.Results:The results of pretest most of them had inadequate knowledge 40(67%), had moderate knowledge 18(30%), had adequateknowledge 2(3%). In posttest the most of them had moderate knowledge 32(54%), had adequate knowledge 22(37%), had inadequateknowledge 6(10%). The study concluded by family members having a Moderate knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease.Conclusion: The study findings revealed there was an increase level of knowledge after the structured teaching programme on familymembers.