Increase In General Price Level Research Articles

Agri-entrepreneurship Development through Market Linkage in Bihar: A Situation Analysis

"This paper focuses on the importance of markets to the rural people and strategies to achieve the remunerative price of their produce in order to reduce hunger and poverty as well as promoting health and nutrition in Bihar. It also undertakes a situational analysis of existing marketing pattern, disposal pattern as well as expenses incurred while marketing of major vegetable crops in the target district of Bihar based on five year average of data collected from traders, producers and consumers for the period from 2013-2018. Pattern of marketing of major vegetables in the selected markets indicated that there was an increasing trend in arrivals and prices of different vegetables over different periods, it might be because of the increase in general price level and increase in population. However, the major focus was on development of entrepreneurs of proper enterprise based policy for enhancing livelihood security and establishment of procurement centres in each zone that would act as added incentives to the vegetable growers. Therefore reliance type of organized retail market at public- private mode should be initiated as an alternate channel for the marketing of vegetables and for dairy products in which value addition should be initiated by the farmers. Linking small farmers to markets would only be possible through an organized mandi /proper collection centres i.e. one centre for five villages should be established to assure the supply of vegetables in Bihar."

Economic development in Nigeria: Does value added tax matter?

Value-Added Tax (VAT) as part of indirect taxes serves as a source of revenue for the government at the federal level in the country. Despite this, the government still complains of insufficient funds to embark on infrastructural projects and social amenities that are the foundations of development in Nigeria. Therefore, this study examined the effect of VAT on economic development in Nigeria from 1994-2019. The study employed Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The unit root test confirmed that at level, consumer price index and inflation rate were stationary; while the human development index and value added tax were stationary at first level difference. The bound test result established a long-run relationship between the variables. ARDL result showed that value added tax was positive and significantly related to the human development index at short-run and long-run; the consumer price index was non-significant at 5% in the short-run but was in the long-run with a positive sign; while the inflation rate was significant at both short-run and long-run. The study concluded that value-added tax and a moderate increase in general price level stimulate economic development in Nigeria, while instability in the consumer price index worsens it. Therefore, this study recommended that the government should ensure that revenues realized through direct tax are channeled to the provision of adequate infrastructural facilities that can promote economic development.

Issues and approaches for linking small vegetables growers to markets in Bihar: A policy brief

This paper discusses the importance of markets to the rural people and strategy to achieve the remunerative price of their produced in order to reduce hunger and poverty as well as promoting health and nutrition in Bihar. This paper undertakes a situational analysis of existing marketing pattern, disposal pattern as well as expenses incurred while marketing of major vegetable crops in target district of Bihar based on five year average of data collected from traders , producers and consumers for the period from 2013-2018. Trend in arrivals and prices of major vegetables in the selected markets indicated that there was an increasing trend in arrivals and prices of different vegetables over different periods which might be because of the increase in general price level and increase in population. The major focused was on development of proper enterprise based policy for enhancing the livelihood security and creation of procurement centre in each production zones that would be act as added incentives to the vegetable growers. Therefore reliance type of organized retail market at public- private mode should be initiated as alternate channel for the marketing of vegetables and Gujarat kind of marketing model should be implemented for dairy products in which value addition should be initiated by the farmers.Linking small farmers to markets would only be possible through organized mandi /proper collection centre i.e. one centre for five villages should be established to assure the supply of vegetables in Bihar.

Inflation accounting and control through monetary policy measures in Nigeria: Multi-regression analysis (1973-2010)

This study was carried out to evaluate Inflation accounting and control through monetary policy measures in Nigeria from 1973 to 2010. Secondary data were used empirically to do the assessment. Aggregate data on independent variables (monetary policy measures) that affect inflation were collected and analyzed using multiple regression model and the ordinary least squares estimation techniques. From the analysis carried out, it was found that some of the variables (money supply, interest rate and exchange rate) were statistically significant, which means that the studied variable could be used to predict inflation. Furthermore, domestic credit was not statistically significant, even though it could be used as a policy variable to account for inflation. Based on these findings, it was recommended that monetary supply, interest rates and exchange rates should be the principal policy variables to be manipulated in controlling inflation in Nigeria. I. Background of the study Inflation is a serious macroeconomic problem and it is an aspect of macroeconomic instability. It can make a comparison of economic conditions at different point in time quite difficult, creates complications for economic measurement, and brings uncertainty when we try to look into the future. Inflation is a substantial and sustained increase in general price level leading to disequilibrium thus undermining the ability of money to serve as a tool for market coordination. In Nigeria, monetary policy measures are used to control inflation and other macro-economic variables in order to ensure economic stability. Monetary policy involves measures designed to regulate and control the volume, cost, availability and direction of money and credit in an economy to achieve some specific macroeconomic policy objectives (Anyanwu, and Oackhenan, 1995).