Influence Of Increase Research Articles

Fluence-Dependent Photoinduced Charge Transfer Dynamics in Polymer-Wrapped Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

Because an individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) can absorb multiple photons, the exciton density within a single tube depends upon excitation conditions. In SWNT-based energy conversion systems, interactions between excitons and charges make it possible for multiple types of charge transfer reactions. We exploit a SWNT-molecular donor-acceptor hybrid system (R-PBN(b)-Ph6-PDI-[(6,5) SWNT]) that fixes spatial organization and stoichiometry of perylene diimide (PDI) electron acceptors on the nanotube surface, to elucidate how excitation fluence affects ultrafast charge separation (CS) and the nature of charge recombination (CR) dynamics triggered upon SWNT near-infrared excitation. Pump-probe data characterizing these photoinduced CS and thermal CR reactions were acquired over excitation fluences that produce ∼5-125 excitons per 700 nm long nanotube. These experiments show that optical excitation gives rise to CS states in which PDI radical anions (PDI-•) and SWNT hole polarons (SWNT•+) have geminate and nongeminate spatial relationships. Under low excitation fluences, the observed dynamics reflect CR reactions of these geminate and nongeminate CS states. As excitation fluence increases, persistent excitons, which have not undergone CS, undergo reaction with ([SWNT(•+)n]-(PDI-•)n) CS states to produce lower-energy CS states that are characterized by hole (SWNT•+) and electron (SWNT•-) polarons. When nongeminate SWNT•+ and SWNT•- charge carriers are generated, CR dynamics depend on the time scale required for these oppositely charged solvated SWNT polarons to encounter each other. Because SWNT excitons have substantial excited-state reduction (1E-/*) and excited-state oxidation (1E*/+) potentials, they can drive additional charge transfer reactions involving initially prepared CS states under experimental conditions where excess excitons are present.

On Lubrication Regime Changes during Forward Extrusion, Forging, and Drawing

The tribological phenomena concerning the lubrication regime change (LRC) during bulk metal forming are comprehensively studied. A multi-step cold forward extrusion process shows the evolution of LRC and reveals the shortcomings of the traditional Coulomb friction law. The previous works of the specific author’s research group on friction are reviewed, focusing on the LRC during bulk metal forming. Various LRC phenomena from various examples are revealed. It has been found that the drawing and forward extrusion processes are vulnerable to LRC because of significant sliding motion at the material–die interface, and that when the strain hardening of the material is slight, the influence of friction increases, and as a result, the influence of LRC increases excessively. The new findings also include the impact of LRC on the macroscopic phenomena of the process and the reason for the sharp increase in friction coefficient via LRC, which is validated by the work of Wilson. This paper aims to make engineers and researchers think much of the tribology with lubricant in bulk metal forming with a focus on the dependence of tribological phenomena on the state of the lubricants and the irrationality of traditional friction law, especially in the forging of materials with a low strain hardening capability.

Influence of increase in dislocation density due to Ni doping on the blue-photoluminescence of Mn-ferrite nanocrystals

Influence of increase in dislocation density due to Ni doping on the blue-photoluminescence of Mn-ferrite nanocrystals

Insights into the pressure-dependent physical properties of cubic Ca3MF3 (M = As and Sb): First-principles calculations

Here, first-principles calculations have been employed to make a comparative study on structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of new Ca3MF3 (M = As and Sb) photovoltaic compounds under pressure. The findings disclose that these two systems possess a direct band gap, showcasing a large tunable range under pressure, effectively encompassing the visible light spectrum. Adjusting various levels of hydrostatic pressure has effectively tuned both the band alignment and the effective masses of electrons and holes. Both compounds were initially identified as brittle materials at 0 GPa pressure; however, as the pressure increases, they transform, becoming highly anisotropic and ductile. Due to the material's mechanical robustness and enhanced ductility, as evidenced by its stress-induced mechanical properties, the Ca3MF3 (M = As and Sb) material shows potential for use in solar energy applications. Furthermore, as the influence of external pressure increases, the absorption edge seems to move slightly towards lower energy region. Optical properties show that the materials studied might be used from several optoelectronic devices in the visible and ultraviolet range area. Our findings show that pressure considerably influences the physicochemical properties of Ca3MF3 (M = As and Sb) compounds, which is a promising feature that can be useful for optoelectronic and photonic applications, for instance, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and solar cells.

Control of chiral damping in magnetic trilayers using He+ ion irradiation

In the forefront of spintronic advancements, structures with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) such as Pt/Co/Pt are essential for the miniaturization and performance enhancement of high-density magnetic storage technologies. The robust PMA characteristic of these systems facilitates the development of scalable spintronic devices, crucial for next-generation magnetic memory applications. This study investigates the interplay between PMA and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI)—an antisymmetric exchange interaction prevalent in non-centrosymmetric magnetic systems—and its dissipative counterpart, chiral damping. While chiral damping arises from the same broken inversion symmetry as DMI, it typically introduces an additional energy dissipation channel, reducing device efficiency. Our research examines the effects of controlled helium ion (He+) irradiation on a Pt/Co/Pt system. We find that ion beam irradiation enhances interfacial intermixing, which correlates with a decrease in PMA. However, domain wall velocity measurements indicate a concurrent reduction in both DMI and chiral damping, along with enhanced velocities as irradiation fluence increases. These observations suggest that ion beam irradiation can be judiciously applied to achieve a balance between lower DMI, chiral damping, and reasonable PMA, thereby optimizing the system for improved device performance.

Effects of implantation of laser produced Ni plasma ions on CR-39 correlated with surface, structural, optical and electrical properties of polymer

Laser produced plasma ions implantation has a great potential to change various characteristics of the polymer after irradiation, such as, surface, structural, optical and electrical properties. For this purpose, polymer CR- 39 is implanted by laser produced Ni plasma ions at various fluences ranging from 75 × 1013 to 95 × 1016 ions/cm2. The ion energy estimated by Thomson parabola technique using CR-39 detectors was 540 KeV. Digital optical microscopic analysis illustrates the formation of granular morphology for all ion fluences. However, at the maximum fluence (95 × 1016 ions/cm2), distinct and well organized grains with sub-granular morphology are observed. Confocal microscopic analysis shows the development of micro/nano sized caters, voids, ion tracks, clusters and bumps for various fluences of Ni ions ranging from 75 × 1013 to 60 × 1015 ions/cm2. Whereas, at the maximum ion fluence (95 × 1016 ions/cm2), hillock like features are observed. Raman spectroscopy analysis shows the formation of carbonaceous structures along with new bonds of Ni–CO in implanted CR-39. Reduction in transmittance value from 92.2% to 60.8% is observed with increase in ion fluence from 75 × 1013 to 95 × 1016 ions/cm2. The electrical conductivity of implanted CR-39 increases by increasing the ion fluence. Formation of conductive layer and carbonaceous structures are considered to be accountable for improvements in electrical conductivity of implanted target polymer. The observed stopping power or Linear Energy Transfer (LET) of 540 KeV Ni ions in CR-39 is 72.88 eV/Ǻ and their corresponding depth is 686 nm.

Investigation of dynamic effect of rapid impact compaction

Dynamic compaction is a soil improvement technique which involves the repeated application of an impact load to a contact area of the soil surface induced by heavy weights. Experimental measurements were prepared for evaluation of the ground wave propagation induced by the rapid impact compaction. Influence of increase of subsoil stiffness during compaction and terrain configuration were investigated. When the shear strength of soil is exceeded during the penetration of the compaction footing, increase of peak particle velocities is slower but still clearly visible along the measurement line. The peak particle velocity is damped by the subsoil below 5 mm s−1 within 40–50 m from the source of excitation. Attenuation radius is affected by the terrain configuration, when terrain elevations cause the increase of acceleration amplitudes. Rigid bodies in the ground, such as foundation structures, could have similar influence. Dominant frequencies are in the interval from 20 to 40 Hz regardless the distance from the source of excitation or the density of the treated subsoil. Obtained results are preferably related to the given boundary conditions. However, wave propagation pattern and change of its characteristics during densification of the subsoil are applicable at another construction sites considering their particularities.

Cumulonimbus clouds convert a smaller fraction of CAPE into kinetic energy in a warmer atmosphere

Abstract This study investigates how entrainment’s diluting effect on cumulonimbus updraft buoyancy is affected by the temperature of the troposphere, which is expected to increase by the end of the century. A parcel model framework is constructed that allows for independent variations in the temperature (T), the entrainment rate ε, the free-tropospheric relative humidity (RH), and the convective available potential energy (CAPE). Using this framework, dilution of buoyancy is evaluated with T and RH independently varied, and with CAPE either held constant or increased with temperature. When CAPE is held constant, buoyancy decreases as T increases, with parcels in warmer environments realizing substantially smaller fractions of their CAPE as kinetic energy (KE). This occurs because the increased moisture difference between an updraft and its surroundings at warmer temperatures drives greater updraft dilution. Similar results are found in midlatitude and tropical conditions when CAPE is increased with temperature. With the expected 6-7 % increase in CAPE per degree K of warming, KE only increases at 2-4 % per degree in narrow updrafts but tracks more closely with CAPE at 4-6 % in wider updrafts. Interestingly, the rate of increase in the KE with T becomes larger than that of CAPE when the later quantity increases at more than 10 % per K. These findings emphasize the importance of considering entrainment in studies of moist convection’s response to climate change, as the entrainment-driven dilution of buoyancy may partially counteract the influence of increases in CAPE on updraft intensity.

Features of extreme pollution and its influencing factors: evidence from China.

Extreme pollution has become a significant environmental problem in China in recent years, which is hazardous to human health and daily life. Noticing the importance of investigating the causes of extreme pollution, this paper classifies cities across China into eight categories (four groups plus two scenarios) based on the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution using hourly station-level concentration data, and a series of multi-choice models are employed to assess the probabilities that cities fall into different categories. Various factors such as precursor pollutants and socio-economic factors are considered after controlling for meteorological conditions in each model. It turns out that concentration, concentration, and population density are the top three factors contributing most to the log ratios. Moreover, in both left- and right-skewed cases, the influence of a one-unit increase of concentration on the relative probability of cities falling into different groups shows an increasing trend, while those of concentration show a decreasing trend. At the same time, the higher the extreme pollution level, the bigger the effect of and concentrations on the probability of cities falling into normalized scenarios. The multivariate logit model is used for prediction and policy simulations. In summary, by analyzing the influences of various factors and the heterogeneity of their influence patterns, this paper provides valuable insights in formulating effective emission reduction policies.

Study of radiation-induced structural changes in the near-surface layer of ZrO2 ceramics caused by He2+ irradiation

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine changes in the near-surface layer of ZrO2 ceramics caused by irradiation with low-energy He2+ ions, as well as the associated formation of defects and structural deformations. During the experimental work conducted, it was established that the accumulation of deformation-structural distortions is of two stage nature, having a direct dependence on irradiation fluence and, therefore, on atomic displacement value. It was determined that at small atomic displacement values (less than 10 dpa), the main mechanisms of structural distortions are caused by tensile residual stresses, the value of which is less than 0.1 GPa. At the same time, the deformation distortion of chemical bonds has a pronounced anisotropy associated with a more pronounced distortion of the Zr–OI chemical bonds, the distortion of which results in the formation of vacancy defects in the form of VO. During determination of alterations in optical characteristics depending on the atomic displacement value, it was found that the dominant role at small values of dpa (less than 10 dpa) is played by point defects, which influence the formation of obstacles in the form of absorbing centers. In this case, an increase in the irradiation fluence above 1017 ion/cm2 results in a growth in the linear refractive index, the change of which has a direct correlation with the value of residual stresses in the damaged layer. Certain dependencies of changes in structural features and their relationship with deformation distortions, as well as the accumulation of vacancy defects, can subsequently be used to predict the potential of using these ceramics as materials for new generation nuclear reactors.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I Induces Gonad Growth in the Queen Scallop Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) under Conditions of Climate Change

Climate change has presented a serious problem in recent times, which is why a new approach is being sought in terms of aquacultural food quality. In this study, the influence of temperature increase (by 2 °C) and pH decrease (by 0.2) was investigated on the queen scallop, Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758). Furthermore, the effect of a food-enriched diet with the probiotic culture Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I was assessed in climate-changed conditions. Scallops’ morphometric parameters were measured before the experimental setup and after one month of being kept in controlled conditions. Morphometric parameters included the elongation index, compactness index, convexity index, density index, condition index, meat yield, gonadosomatic index, adductor muscle index, and hepatosomatic index. Climate-changed conditions had no effect on the scallop condition index, meat yield, or hepatosomatic index. Nevertheless, the addition of probiotics to their diet had a positive effect on the queen scallops cultivated under conditions of climate change, influencing positive allometry and the increase of the gonadosomatic indices. On the other hand, the same conditions negatively affected the adductor muscle index of the scallops. To conclude, in the context of climate change conditions, queen scallops could be a good organism of choice that can be very well adapted to the changed environmental conditions, especially with the addition of the lactic acid bacteria culture Lpb. plantarum I.

On the influence of solar insolation and increase of outdoor temperature on energy savings obtained in heating system with forecast control

Throughout the world there is an ongoing emphasis on the implementation of modern technologies and services to reduce the carbon footprint and increase the energy efficiency of existing and new buildings. Of particular interest are energy-efficient measures that can be easily implemented in existing building stock and at a low cost, such as a forecast controller for heating systems. However, there is a lack of detailed measured data for assessing the influence of varying outdoor conditions on energy savings from a heating system controlled by a forecast controller. The work aimed to assess the influence of variations in solar insolation and outdoor air temperature on the supply temperature, power demand, and heat consumption within thirteen buildings equipped with a forecast control system. The application employs simple correlations, utilizing an equivalent outdoor temperature derived from an online weather prediction application (API) leveraging the data from nearby meteorological stations. The algorithm utilises the weather predictions for changes in outdoor conditions, such as wind speed, temperature, and solar insolation, to optimise the conditions of the heat supplied to buildings.The field research was conducted for one year. It was found that the use of the forecast controller in four public buildings and nine residential buildings reduced heat consumption by an average of 9.0% and 11.8%, respectively, for the case when the variations of the outdoor temperature or the solar insolation were taken into account independently. Higher energy savings (16.5%) were achieved for the case when the outdoor temperature increase as well as solar insolation were taken into account at the same time in the process of forecast control of the heating system.

Influence of 700 keV O3+ ion implantation on current transport properties of Cr/p-GaN SBD’s

In the present study we show a detailed investigation into the influence of 700 keV O3+ ion implantation in Cr/p-GaN SBDs on electrical characteristics / current transport properties. Also the damage events along the trajectory of the ion beam were quantitatively estimated through SRIM and TRIM simulations. The Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were analyzed using different methods such as Cheung and Cheung's method and Norde’s method to obtain different electrical parameters. The values of n and ϕB decrease up to a fluence of 1 × 1014 ions cm−2, and show a fractional increase at a fluence of 1 × 1015 ions cm−2. Further, a drastic increase in values of series resistance (RS ) of SBDs with an increase in fluence was observed. In the forward-bias voltage regions, the Cr/p-GaN SBDs conduction mechanism shows an increasingly ohmic behavior with an increase in fluence, which may be attributed to thermally generated carriers. At low voltage, the reverse current conduction mechanism is due to Poole-Frenkel emission. For the high voltage region, Schottky emission mechanism becomes more prominent. The changes in electrical parameters are closely related to the defect and damage profiles estimated through SRIM/TRIM simulations, which are strongly dependent on the dose of the 700 keV O3+ ion implantation. Additionally, we found that at high doses, the charge transport mechanism changes, with additional defects affecting not only the thermionic emission mechanism but also various current transport mechanisms.

Swift Au+9 ion irradiation-induced defects and alloy complexity effect on the mechanical hardness of NiCoCrFePd HEA and NiCoCrFe MEA

The outstanding radiation damage stability of an NiCoCrFePd high entropy alloy (HEA) as compared to conventional alloys poses the question for the mechanism of an ion–matter interaction. The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopic and TEM (transmission electron microscopic) measurements are implemented to trace different kinds of defects produced by 120 MeV Au+9 ion irradiation and their evolution as a function of ion fluence. The variation of lifetimes and corresponding intensities with the ion fluence indicates the formation of dislocation-type defects at a lower ion fluence and vacancy clusters at a higher ion fluence caused by coalescence or agglomeration of dislocation defects. Formation of different types of defects in turn modulates the strain development inside the crystal. Additionally, the HR-TEM investigation of NiCoCrFePd HEA also exhibits the formation of dislocation and vacancy clusters with the average size of vacancy clusters increases from ∼2.9 ± 0.1 to ∼3.8 ± 0.1 nm with the increases in the ion fluence. Surprisingly, the average defect cluster size in NiCoCrFePd HEA is suppressed compared to NiCoCrFe MEA, thereby showing the enhanced radiation stability on Pd incorporation due to the high defect recombination caused by reduced thermal conductivity and high lattice distortion. Nano-indentation measurement shows that the radiation hardening behavior of the NiCoCrFePd HEA responded slowly owing to its damage suppression property as compared to the NiCoCrFe MEA. Additionally, softening behavior also appeared at an early fluence in NiCoCrFe MEA compared to the NiCoCrFePd HEA signifying its excellent resistance to defect accumulation.

The Impact of Ventilation System Type on the Microclimate of Boar's Pen and Their Clinical Triad Parameters

The purpose of the study was the impact of different types of ventilation systems in boar`s pen on the microclimate and their physiological parameters. The control group of boars was kept in a house with a transverse ventilation system, and the animals of the experimental group were kept in a geothermal air supply. It was found that, regardless of the season, transverse ventilation provides a significantly higher air velocity and relative humidity: in Winter - 0.15 m s–1 and 5.4%; in Spring - 0.35 m s–1 and 5.3%; in Summer - 0.41 m s–1 and 0.7%; in Autumn - 0.28 m s–1 and 8.1%. Maintaining a stable temperature by the normative values in the boar housing was due to geothermal ventilation, regardless of the season, especially the "basement effect" was observed in the summer months, where the air temperature was cooled to 4.5°C (P < 0.001), compared to the transverse ventilation system. Compared with the boars in the experimental group, under the influence of the temperature increase in Summer, the boars in the control group increased significantly the respiratory rate to 50.9 ppm (P < 0.001) and heartbeat rate of 45.7 ppm (P < 0.001). An increase in rectal temperature in boars at elevated ambient temperature under both air ventilation systems was not found. The obtained results make it possible to introduce the use of cost-effective geothermal air supply technology in pig farms to harmonize the physiological parameters of boars to meet their biological needs, even in closed housing to improve their welfare.

A comparative study of laser fluence effect on surface modification and hardness profile of austempered ductile iron

The impact of laser transformation hardening (LSH) and Laser surface melting (LSM) on an austempered ductile iron (ADI) alloy was investigated. Various laser fluences (J mm−2) were irradiated on the ADI specimens, obtained by different beam powers and scanning speeds to reach the optimum parameters to attain a surface with a good combination of high hardness and deep hardened depth, together with obtaining minimal distortion and crack-free surface. ADI surfaces were treated by means of high-power Nd:YAG laser in continuous wave mode. A detailed investigation of the obtained microstructure was characterized via optical and scanning electron microscopy attached to an EDX analyzer as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. Such a wide laser fluence range has a considerable effect on the achieved microstructure. A process parameter map was established which indicated that three different laser treatments were induced under such values of laser fluences: a laser transformation hardening, a partial laser melting, and a complete laser melting. The results revealed that to produce a hardened microstructure, specimens have to be operated within a very small range of laser fluence from 9.6 up to 29 J mm−2, achieving surface hardness values around 900 HV0.1 and depths of approximately 184–700 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, partial melting of the treated layer took place at a medium energy density range from 37 to 112 J mm−2, by a further increase in laser fluence (120–360 J mm−2), complete melting occurred which resulted in a deeper treated layer that reached 3.5 mm with an increase in microhardness value to almost 1100 HV0.1 at 360 J mm−2. The obtained microstructure in case of low laser fluence consisted of an austenite dendritic structure with undissolved graphite nodules, however, at medium and high laser fluence, the microstructure contains large cementite plates, iron-silicon carbides, a small area of ledeburite structure, and some retained austenite. The quantitative amounts of such phases directly depend on the applied laser fluence. Such phases were identified by means of EDX analysis.

The Asymmetric Effects of Global Energy and Food Prices, Exchange Rate Dynamics, and Monetary Policy Conduct on Inflation in Indonesia

This research analyzes the asymmetric effects of global energy and food prices and monetary variables, including the exchange rate and money supply, on the consumer price index (CPI). The model is intended to differentiate the influence of increases and decreases in global energy and food prices, exchange rates, and money supply which cause inflation/deflation from changes in the CPI. The analysis uses the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) and Quantile Regression models on data from January 2001 to February 2023. The study results show that the decline in global energy prices significantly reduces the CPI in the long run. Energy subsidies allow increases in international energy prices not to increase the CPI significantly. Meanwhile, the increase in global food prices causes inflation in the short run. The exchange rate has the most significant effect on the CPI. Depreciation of the rupiah significantly increases the CPI, which means it causes inflation, while appreciation of the rupiah does not have a significant effect. Finally, increases and decreases in the money supply have a considerable positive effect on the CPI, which confirms the logic of the monetarist view that inflation is a monetary phenomenon. Efforts to reduce dependence on imports of food and energy commodities are the key to reducing risks when importing energy and food due to rupiah depreciation. Efforts to consistently stabilize the exchange rate can support controlling and stabilizing import prices. Energy and food subsidy policies are vital in controlling inflation due to increased world energy and food prices.

The Influence of Structure Height and Use of Shear Walls on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures

Bengkulu is one of the areas prone to earthquakes. The application of earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete buildings must be done to minimise lateral forces due to earthquakes. The reinforced concrete structure system commonly used to withstand these lateral forces is a double system using sliding walls. Shear walls are structural elements that can affect rigidity and withstand lateral loads due to earthquakes. In addition, the structure's height will affect the load acting on the structure and the dimensions of the planned structural elements. This study aims to analyse the influence of structural height and the use of sliding walls on the behaviour of reinforced concrete building structures. The analysis in this study used spectrum response method analysis with the help of the ETABS application. Results show that the use of shear walls makes the structure stiffer at lower levels, and the higher the structure will result in the period of the structure, the primary shear force, the deviation between levels, and the influence of P-delta increases.

Research on the resistance of protective coatings for concrete to the effects of atmospheric moisture

The development of the construction industry has led to increased requirements for the operational properties of building materials in general and concrete in particular. Although concrete is designed primarily to withstand structural loads, it must also resist environmental influences to increase its durability. This article presents the results of the influence of the components of protective coatings on the hydro-physical properties of concrete. The edge wetting angle in concrete with a protective coating ranges from 95 to 101 degrees, which is about twice that of uncoated concrete. The mass of concrete under the influence of hygroscopic moisture increases, and after 30 days of exposure, it is 1.1–1.6 wt. % compared to 5.7–5.8 wt. % for control samples. The minimum increase (1.1–1.2 wt. %) is achieved when using coatings with the largest amount of heat-resistant varnish KO-08. The water absorption of the developed coating compositions decreases after 30 days of being in water from 5.2 to 1.6–2.2 wt. % for C20/25 concrete. Low temperatures negatively affect the hydrophysical properties of protective coatings, but only slightly. It has been found that water absorption increases by approximately 20 %.

Effects of blowing ratios and lip thicknesses on film cooling for trailing edge cutback with latticework ducts

In this study, a trailing edge cutback configuration with latticework ducts is proposed to provide more effective thermal protection for high-pressure turbine blades. Detached eddy simulation, as a LES/RANS hybrid method, is utilized to investigate the film cooling efficiency and turbulent behavior of the trailing edge cutback. The flow dynamics mechanism of cutback film cooling is elucidated by analyzing five blowing ratios (0.2 ∼ 1.25) and four lip thicknesses (0.5 ∼ 2) schemes. Time-averaged results indicate that the counter-intuitive efficiency decline and recovery behavior is identified again. Quantitatively, the area-averaged film cooling efficiency decreases by 14.3 % in the efficiency decline interval and increases by 16.3 % during the recovery interval. The distinct deflection of the swirling coolant jet leads to an efficiency distribution characterized by higher values on the sides and lower values in the center. Moreover, the mixing of the swirling jets and crossflow produces the Asymmetric Counter-rotating vortex pairs and Spiral-vortex system, which exacerbate heat transfer near the wall. At the highest blowing ratio, the excess coolant is forced against the wall by a rotating streamwise vortex system, providing better film coverage. Additionally, the film cooling efficiency of the cutback structure with a lip-to-slot ratio of 2 decays by 27 % as the blowing ratio decreases. The detrimental influence of the lip thickness increase on the film cooling efficiency is considerably mitigated by the swirling jet, especially in the maximum lip thickness.