Increase In Divorce Rates Research Articles

Social Changes and its Impact on Increasing Divorce Rates on Saudi Society from a Woman`s Perspective

Social Changes and its Impact on Increasing Divorce Rates on Saudi Society from a Woman`s Perspective

Expertise opinion in divorce proceeding and child custody

We are witnessing increased divorce rate, and consequently the need to resolve problems related to child custody. According to some data, every third marriage results in disintegration. The child often becomes an object and tools in resolving this complex issue.Family environment is a natural environment of a child, one of the crucial factors in process of child's socialization. Basic generator of named socialization is a family atmosphere conditioned by predominant feelings in domestic relations. These relations are realized within the mother-child-father triangle adjoined by other members of the family. The evolution of civilization leads to changes in behavior and concept of human rights.Divorce proceeding itself is one of the rights of both parents, i.e. adult members. From legal point of view, position of minors is passive, defensive. Therefore, divorce may be presented as exercising divorce rights consumed by adults. The most dramatic conflict in divorce proceeding is so called child custody, used by the parents as figurehead for exercising rights on their child.During the course of exercising parental rights, there are some parents where we can identify a competence and confrontation of equal rights or conflict of individual parental rights.An expert being summoned to the court in divorce proceeding, related to issues of child custody is most frequently a psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker by its vocation, and seldom, pedagogue or psychotherapist.Family, school and society are somewhat similar to the palace- If you take away a stone from its foundation, everything starts to collapse.

Reconsidering Psychoanalytic Notions of Paternal and Maternal Roles in Situations of Father-Absence

Traditional psychoanalytic literature describes the father as occupying a critical role in child development. The father’s loss or absence is seen as hindering development from early infancy throughout childhood and even into adulthood. Father absence is defined as any situation where the father is psychologically disconnected from his children, whether or not he is currently living in the same home. Dramatic shifts have occurred in the American family over the past several decades, which have resulted in changes for both the father and mother’s role in child development. With the increasing divorce rate and rise in single parenthood, father-absence has become common, and a multiplicity of family forms has emerged. However, psychoanalytic ideas regarding maternal and paternal roles have not been modified to encompass these changing family forms. Research is beginning to show that children can develop in families that are not the traditional mother-father unit. Two case examples are provided to examine various factors related to unresolved separation-individuation issues, and how psychoanalytic ideas regarding the paternal and maternal functions can be used in either a modified or unmodified manner in organizing the clinical material.

Marital History and Intergenerational Solidarity: The Impact of Divorce and Unmarried Cohabitation

Among the more recent challenges for the family are the increasing divorce rates and the decline in marriages. This article examines the possible consequences of these trends for intergenerational family relationships. How does divorce in the parent generation, and the shift from marriage to unmarried cohabitation among adult children, affect intergenerational solidarity? These questions are explored with data from the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation Study (NorLAG, n = 5,589, age 40–79). Scandinavian countries have high divorce and cohabitation rates and may therefore be of interest as comparative cases for countries where these events are less institutionalized. The findings suggest, however, that Norway accommodates to the general norm in the sense that divorce among parents is associated with lower solidarity with adult children on most solidarity dimensions. This is more true for fathers than for mothers. There is, on the other hand, no difference in solidarity between married and cohabitating children vis à vis the parent generation. The explanations and implications of these findings are discussed.

Household Debt and Marital Instability: Evidence from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study

Korean society has recently experienced rapid increases in household debt and divorce rates. This study investigates whether household debt and debt ratios lower marital stability and increase the probability of divorce among Korean families. Six-year panels from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) household surveys were used for analysis. The effect of household debt upon the probability of divorce was estimated through pooled and population-averaged Logit models. The results suggest that household financial strain measured by the amount of household debt and the debt-to-income ratios does not significantly affect the probability of divorce. This finding contradicts the widespread notion that households’ excessive borrowing has been partially responsible for the recent increase in divorce rates in Korea.

The Effect of Divorce Laws on Divorce Rates in Europe

This paper analyzes a panel of 18 European countries spanning from 1950 to 2003 to examine the extent to which the legal reforms leading to easier divorce that took place during the second half of the 20th century have contributed to the increase in divorce rates across Europe. We use a quasi-experimental set-up and exploit the different timing of the reforms in divorce laws across countries. We account for unobserved country-specific factors by introducing country fixed effects, and we include country-specific trends to control for time-varying factors at the country level that may be correlated with divorce rates and divorce laws, such as changing social norms or slow moving demographic trends. We find that the different reforms that made divorce easier were followed by significant increases in divorce rates. The effect of no-fault legislation was strong and permanent, while unilateral reforms only had a temporary effect on divorce rates. Overall, we estimate that the legal reforms account for about 20 percent of the increase in divorce rates in Europe between 1960 and 2002.

Improving Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a common and often life-altering sleep-related breathing disorder. It not only adversely affects cardiovascular health, but the quality of life of these patients is also often significantly compromised. They experience excessive daytime sleepiness and poor cognitive, social and exercise performance. Furthermore, they often have marital problems with increased divorce rates, depression, and poor job performance.Our purpose in writing this review is to highlight the various neuropsychiatric domains that are affected in OSA patients and to emphasize that identifying and treating this condition can significantly improve the quality of life of these individuals. In recent years there has been ample evidence supporting the role of treatment for OSA to improve cardiovascular outcomes. We provide similar evidence supporting the treatment of OSA to improve health-related quality of life outcomes for these patients. Surgical, non-surgical and pharmacologic modalities are currently available as effective options for the treatment of OSA, with continuous positive airway pressure therapy appearing to be the most promising.

Exploring the Relationship between Marital Status and Women's Retirement Satisfaction

Increased divorce rates, declining marriage rates, and a predisposition to widowhood in later life all contribute to the heterogeneous marital histories of women approaching retirement. Existing research on retirement, however, has not considered the diversity in marital status that exists among retired women. The purpose of the present study was to explore the influence of marital status (i.e., married, remarried, widowed, divorced/separated, never-married) on women's retirement satisfaction. Using a purposive sampling method, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to retired women. Participants (N = 331) were asked to report on their retirement satisfaction, psychological well-being, and perceived health. Results revealed retirement satisfaction and perceived health differed by marital status. Psychological well-being, however, did not differ significantly between marital groups. Future research exploring diversity in marital status among retired women is suggested.

The Economic Consequences of Divorce for Women in the European Union: The Impact of Welfare State Arrangements

Increasing divorce rates and growing concerns on welfare dependency urge the question whether welfare state arrangements moderate the negative economic consequences of divorce. In this study, the question is answered by comparing the short-term economic consequences of divorce for women across 14 Member States of the European Union. Using longitudinal data from the 1994–2000 European Community Household Panel survey, I demonstrate that the Member States differ in the extent to which women suffer economically from divorce. Multivariate analyses show that welfare state arrangements temper the economic consequences of divorce for women. Income-related arrangements reduce the economic strains of divorce most, then employment-related arrangements. These welfare state effects cannot be attributed to country differences in the composition of divorced women.

Family psychology and family law--a family court judge's perspective: comment on the special issue.

This comment presents the responses of an experienced family court judge to the eight articles published in this special issue. The value of these scholarly articles to family court judges is enormous. Judges have little, if any, formal training in family dynamics and child development, yet are called upon to make rulings in complex cases that have life-long ramifications for all family members. The changing demographics and current realities of traditional and nontraditional family structures in our society as well as the increasing divorce rates have widened the gap between legal precedence and current social science research. It is essential that the material covered in this issue can be accessible to family law personnel in language that they can understand and learn from.

Grandparent visitation rights: an inappropriate intrusion or appropriate protection?

Increased divorce rates, longevity in multi-generational families, and activism by older persons are a part of the context in which the role of grandparents in the family, an overview of grandparent visitation statutes, and controversy about visitation rights are discussed. The history and characteristics of grandparent visitation statutes, the process of filing, and criteria used to grant visitation provide insight into the complexities of the request for, and determination of, these rights. Family dynamics interact with a myriad of state statutes to suggest implications for research and policy.

Does Married Women's Market Work Affect Marital Stability Adversely? An Intercohort Analysis Using NLS Data

Over most of the twentieth century, the U.S. has witnessed considerable increases in divorce rates. Conventional economic literature believes that married women's entry into market work may have contributed to this by decreasing the gains from marriage arising from specialization between spouses. However, since the 1980s, divorce rates have ceased to increase though married women's labor supply continues to rise, suggesting that the relationship has changed across time and birth cohorts. Here I use two cohorts of women, those born between 1944-1954 and those born between 1957-1964, to test whether this is the case. My findings indicate that the detrimental effect of married women's market work on marital stability has indeed decreased substantially across cohorts, and such work may even be beneficial to marital stability among the recent cohort. Therefore, it appears that women's market work can no longer be held culpable for the breaking up of American families.

Dual Dwelling Duos

SUMMARY In this article, the authors are questioning the commonly held belief that if two people are a “couple,” whether it be heterosexual or homosexual, they will eventually want to live together, be married and have children. In light of the increasing divorce rate and the narrowly defined options for relationship, the authors are proposing an alternative form of relationship, one in which each member of the couple chooses to retain their own separate living quarters while still being in a committed, monogamous and loving relationship. They refer to couples having this lifestyle as Dual Dwelling Duos or DDDs.

Conflict in divorce disputes: the determinants of pretrial settlement

As a result of the increasing divorce rate over the past decades and the growing burden on the U.S. court system, many states have stressed mediation as an alternative to a court judgment. What determines whether divorcing couples reach a bilateral settlement or resort to use of the courts? In this paper, we summarize the predictions from the theoretical literature on settlement failure and consider what these theories suggest in the application of divorce. The predictions of the models are empirically tested using the Stanford Child Custody Study. Estimation of the determinants of going to court indicates that none of the existing models on settlement failure adequately predict the determinants of using the courts. The results do, however, suggest that private information may play an important role in court usage. In addition, the results provide some interesting implications for policy-makers interested in decreasing the number of divorce cases that go to court. Attorney representation and the man’s income increase the likelihood of going to court while the woman’s education, the time lag between separation and divorce, and home ownership all decrease the likelihood of going to court.

A model of endogenous divorce and endogenous fertility

This paper examines the interaction between decisions on divorce and fertility. The analysis generates two major implications. Firstly, it complements the existing literature on endogenous fertility to explain why population growth and economic growth can be negatively correlated after an economy develops to a certain level. Secondly, it indicates that economic development leads to a simultaneous increase in divorce rates and decrease in fertility rates.

Effects of Work-Related Absences on Families: Evidence from the Gulf War

The Gulf War provides an opportunity to estimate the effect of work-related separations on military families. Using data from the 1992 Survey of Officers and Enlisted Personnel, the authors estimate the effect of Gulf War deployment on divorce rates, spousal employment, and children's disability rates. Deployment of male soldiers had no effect on marital dissolution, though it did lead soldiers' wives to work less. In contrast, deployment of female soldiers led to a large and statistically significant increase in divorce rates, suggesting deployment of women placed a marked strain on marriages. Deployment of female soldiers did not affect husbands' labor supply. Finally, the results show no statistically significant increase in disability rates among the children of deployed personnel.

The Economics of Fatherhood

The growth of nonmarital fertility, together with greatly increased divorce rates and an increased proportion of children living in femaleheaded households, has provoked considerable alarm about the demise of the traditional family and concern about potentially harmful effects on the well-being of women and children. In this paper, I briefly summarize recent attempts by myself and others to develop a coherent theoretical framework to integrate economic theories of fertility and marriage in order to better understand why the same men who play the breadwinner role within marriage may fail to support their children following a divorce or who, despite the “gains to marriage,” may prefer to father children out of wedlock rather than within marriage. I argue that such behaviors of men can be understood within a framework that takes into account the selfinterests of both men and women as they interact within a given sexual or marital match and as they interact in a broader “market” for sexual and marriage partners. At the level of a given match, the theory provides hypotheses about the determinants of voluntary child support by fathers who are divorced from or have never married the mother. It also suggests reasons why voluntary child support is likely to be inadequate and, consequently, provides some insight about the role of laws and administrative procedures designed to establish paternity, determine the size of childsupport awards, and enforce collection of awards. At the level of the market, under certain circumstances, theory produces results similar to those emphasized by William Wilson and Katherine Neckerman’s (1987) theory of outof-wedlock childbearing among the underclass.

All's Fair

Abstract The authors examine divorce rates in the United States in the 20th century, looking especially at the effects that wars have had on those rates. Gary Becker's theories on the family arc the basis for analysis. Of particular interest to the authors is whether or not the scope of the war has an effect upon the rate of divorce. The authors also examine other social changes and events to see how they have affected those rates. Empirical tests show that World War II significantly increased divorce rates, but the rates did not significantly climb because of the Korean War and Vietnam War. World War I is also not significant, although had the United States been involved longer, the results may have been different.

Separation/Divorce and Child and Adolescent Completed Suicide

ObjectiveTo investigate factors that may modify the effect of separation/divorce on youth suicide. MethodA case-control, psychological autopsy study of 120 of 170 consecutive suicides younger than age 20 and 147 community age-, sex-, and ethnic group-matched controls living in the greater New York area was conducted. Fifty-eight suicide victims and 49 community controls came from nonintact families of origin, indicating the permanent separation/divorce of the biological parents. Potential modifiers of separation/divorce include youth's age at separation, custodial parent's remarriage, nonresidential parent's frequency of contact, parent-child relationships, and parental psychopathology. ResultsThe relatively small impact of separation/divorce was further diminished after accounting for parental psychopathology. An interaction of separation/divorce and the father-child relationship emerged. ConclusionsThe dramatic increase in youth suicide during the past three decades seems unlikely to be attributable to the increase in divorce rates.

The state and the family: a comparative analysis of family policies in industrialized countries

In a number of industrialized countries, on the assumption that fertility remains at or close to present levels, populations will start to decline, in some cases quite rapidly in the near to medium future. Many governments are alarmed by this prospect, especially since it goes hand in hand with a further and acute ageing of the population. From the fears in the 1930s about population and family decline, to the fears in the 1970s about over-population, and contemporary talk of 'family-friendly' policies, governments' attitudes towards and interventions in family policy have changed considerably. What is today referred to as family policy differs widely from the first forms of government support before the Second World War. This book argues that demographic changes have been a major force in bringing population and family issues on to the political agenda. The decline in fertility, the increase in divorce rates and lone-parenthood, and the entry of women into the labour force have all reduced the relevance of systems of state support aimed at traditional families. From this perspective, the author examines the changes that have affected families over the past 100 years, and the policies that have been adopted by different governments in response to these changes. Data from twenty-two industrialized countries are used to provide an original analysis of legislation, initiatives, and measures aimed at better supporting families. The book assembles arguments from demography, sociology, and economics to explain population policies, their origins and aims. It shows that despite major similarities across countries in the ways family policy has evolved, and in the ways governments have viewed and supported families, there are major dissimilarities shaped by country-specific events, ideologies, and circumstances. It concludes by drawing a typology of models of family policy bases on these inter-country differences.