Increase In Demand Research Articles

Validation and test of a novel multi-input converter in extreme conditions using PSOPIC in hybrid power generation environment

The need for renewable energy resources increases due to the day-by-day increase in load demand. Still, there is a need for new technology to operate the existing power system optimally. Distributed generation (DGENs) are helpful in meeting the demand of power due to its lower cost compared to the construction of the complete power system. But this DGEN is constructed using renewable resources, which are intermittent in nature. So, hybrid power generation, which uses multiple sources, is used to satisfy the power need. In this paper, validation, and test of a new multi-input single ended primary inductor converter (MI-SEPIC) is proposed. The performance of the MI-SEPIC converter is tested by connecting photovoltaic (PV), wind, and fuel cells. The proposed system is connected to the grid, and the power transients are analyzed. The DQ control of grid synchronization is discussed in this paper. The conventional PI controller is replaced with a hybrid particle swarm optimization tuned proportional integral control (PSOPIC), and the results are compared. Verification is done using MATLAB software. Validation and test with different test cases to prove the sturdiness of the complete system is explained.

Fuzzy Logic-Based Dynamic Thermal Rating Assessment for Adaptive Grid Operations

Abstract: In recent times, there has been a notable increase in electricity demand, which is expected to continue rising. This uptick in demand has led to transmission lines operating at higher capacities, exposing them to greater thermal and mechanical stress and affecting the reliability of the transmission network. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the static thermal rating (STR) and dynamic thermal rating (DTR) of power lines across various climatic conditions. The study investigates the thermal behavior of power lines during both summer and winter seasons over a 24-hour period. Through computational simulations and empirical data collection, the study determines the STR and DTR profiles to evaluate the real-time capacity of power lines under changing environmental conditions. Additionally, the research introduces a novel approach using fuzzy logic to model the dynamic thermal rating (FDTR) based on the IEEE 738 standard, particularly in regions with diverse climatic patterns. By integrating fuzzy logic with meteorological data, the FDTR model improves accuracy in predicting the thermal performance of power lines, considering factors like ambient temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation. This methodology aims to offer utilities and grid operators a reliable tool for optimizing power transmission capacity, reducing the risk of overheating, and ensuring grid reliability in areas with complex and fluctuating weather conditions. The study contributes to the advancement of smart grid technology and facilitates efficient energy management in diverse climate zones.

All-optical complex field imaging using diffractive processors.

Complex field imaging, which captures both the amplitude and phase information of input optical fields or objects, can offer rich structural insights into samples, such as their absorption and refractive index distributions. However, conventional image sensors are intensity-based and inherently lack the capability to directly measure the phase distribution of a field. This limitation can be overcome using interferometric or holographic methods, often supplemented by iterative phase retrieval algorithms, leading to a considerable increase in hardware complexity and computational demand. Here, we present a complex field imager design that enables snapshot imaging of both the amplitude and quantitative phase information of input fields using an intensity-based sensor array without any digital processing. Our design utilizes successive deep learning-optimized diffractive surfaces that are structured to collectively modulate the input complex field, forming two independent imaging channels that perform amplitude-to-amplitude and phase-to-intensity transformations between the input and output planes within a compact optical design, axially spanning ~100 wavelengths. The intensity distributions of the output fields at these two channels on the sensor plane directly correspond to the amplitude and quantitative phase profiles of the input complex field, eliminating the need for any digital image reconstruction algorithms. We experimentally validated the efficacy of our complex field diffractive imager designs through 3D-printed prototypes operating at the terahertz spectrum, with the output amplitude and phase channel images closely aligning with our numerical simulations. We envision that this complex field imager will have various applications in security, biomedical imaging, sensing and material science, among others.

General practitioners’ perspectives on relocating care: a Dutch interview study

BackgroundHealthcare systems around the world are facing significant challenges because higher costs and an increase in demand for care has not been matched by a corresponding growth in the health workforce. Without reform, healthcare systems are unsustainable. Relocating care, such as from hospitals to general practices, is expected to make a key contribution to ensuring healthcare remains sustainable. Relocating care has a significant impact upon general practitioners (GPs). Therefore, we investigated which care, according to GPs, could be relocated and under which conditions.MethodGPs were recruited through Nivel’s GPs network on eHealth and innovation, located in the Netherlands. One exploratory focus group and 12 in-depth interviews were conducted. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the qualitative research principles of thematic analysis.ResultsAccording to the participants, some diagnostic and follow-up care could be relocated from hospitals to GPs once certain prerequisites are fulfilled. An important condition of relocating care from the hospital to the GP is that GPs have sufficient time to take over these tasks. The types of care that can be relocated from the GP to other settings are those questions where the medical knowledge of the GP can offer nothing extra or where problems in navigating the health system cause patients to either turn to, or stay with, their GP.ConclusionCare should first be relocated from the GP to other settings before attempting to organize the relocation of care from the hospital to the GP. When this, and other conditions are met, some diagnostic and follow-up care can be relocated from the hospital to the GP.

Impact of Demand Growth on the Capacity of Long Duration Energy Storage Under Deep Decarbonization

Abstract The weather-dependent uncertainty of wind and solar power generation presents a challenge to the balancing of power generation and demand in highly renewable electricity systems. Battery energy storage can provide flexibility to firm up the variability of the renewable and to respond to the increased load demand under decarbonization scenarios. This paper explores how the battery energy storage capacity requirement for the compressed air energy storage (CAES) will grow as the load demand increases. Here we used an idealized least-cost optimization model, to study the response of highly renewable electricity systems to the increasing load demand of California under deep decarbonization. Results show that providing bulk CAES to the zero-emission power system offers substantial benefits, but it cannot fully compensate the 100% variability of highly renewable power systems. The capacity requirement of CAES increases up to 33.3% with 1.5 times increase in load demand and up to 50% with 2 times increase in load demand. In this analysis, a zero-emission electricity system operating at current costs becomes more cost-effective when there is firm power generation. The least competitive nuclear option plays this role and reduces system costs by 16.4%, curtails annual main node by 36.8%, and decreases CAES capacity requirements by up to 80.7% in the case of double load demand. While CAES has the potential in addressing renewable variability, its widespread deployment is constrained by geographical, societal, and economic factors. Therefore, if California aims for an energy system reliant on wind and solar power, an additional dispatchable power source other than CAES or similar load flexibility is necessary. To fully harness the benefits of bulk compressed air energy storage, the development and implementation of cost-effective approaches are crucial in significantly reducing system costs.

Edible Offal as a Valuable Source of Nutrients in the Diet—A Review

The global increase in demand for meat leads to substantial quantities of by-products, including edible offal from both wild and domesticated animals raised for diversified consumption products within an agricultural framework. Information on the nutritional value of offal is scattered and limited. This review aims to synthesize scientific publications on the potential of offal as a source of nutrients and bioactive substances in human diets. The literature review included publications available in ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar published between 2014 and 2024. Findings indicate that edible offal is characterized by a nutrient concentration often surpassing that found in skeletal muscle. This review discusses the yield of edible offal and explores factors influencing human consumption. Selected factors affecting the nutritional value of offal of various animals and the importance of individual nutrients in ensuring the proper functioning of the human body were analyzed. The optimal use of offal in processing and catering can significantly benefit aspects of human life, including diet quality, food security, and conservation of natural resources.

Tailoring the use of 8-Hydroxyquinolines for the Facile Separation of Iron, Dysprosium and Neodymium.

Permanent magnets (PMs) containing rare earth elements (REEs) can generate energy in a sustainable manner. With an anticipated tenfold increase in REEs demand by 2050, one of the crucial strategies to meet the demand is developing of efficient recycling methods. NdFeB PMs are the most widely employed, however, the similar chemical properties of Nd (20-30% wt.) and Dy (0-10% wt.) make their recycling challenging, but possible using appropriate ligands. In this work, we investigated commercially available 8-hydroxyquinolines (HQs) as potential Fe/Nd/Dy complexing agents enabling metal separation by selective precipitation playing on specific structure/property (solubility) relationship. Specifically, test ethanolic solutions of nitrate salts, prepared to mimic the main components of a PM leachate, were treated with functionalized HQs. We demonstrated that Fe3+ can be separated as insoluble [Fe(QCl,I)3] from soluble [REE(QCl,I)4]- complexes (QCl,I-: 5-Cl-7-I-8-hydoxyquinolinate). Following that, QCl- (5-Cl-8-hydroxyquinolinate) formed insoluble [Nd3(QCl)9] and soluble (Bu4N)[Dy(QCl)4]. The process ultimately gave a solution phase containing Dy with only traces of Nd. In a preliminary attempt to assess the potentiality of a low environmental impact process, REEs were recovered as oxalates, while the ligands as well as Bu4N+ ions, were regenerated and internally reused, thus contributing to the sustainability of a possible metal recovery process.

Comparison of Electrical Conductivity and Schottky Behavior of 4‐[2‐(9‐anthryl)vinyl]pyridine Based Two 1D Coordination Polymers of Zn(II) and Cd(II)

AbstractWith the increase in demand of electronic devices in the modern civilization, research in material science is being projected to grow in faster rate. In this facet, coordination polymer (CP) based electronic device is one of the promising candidates to the material researchers. Herein, two new Zn(II) and Cd(II) based one‐dimensional (1D) CPs, denoted as [Zn(4‐avp)2(5‐nip)] ⋅ (solvent)x (1) and [Cd(4‐avp)(5‐nip)(CH3OH)] (2) have been synthesized using relatively less explored highly conjugated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) based monodentate ligand, 4‐[2‐(9‐anthryl)vinyl]pyridine (4‐avp) and bidentate linker 5‐nitroisophthalic acid (H25‐nip). In this instance, the CP 1 creates 1D chain polymer, while CP 2 is made up with 1D ladder polymer. It is interesting to note that both the CPs exhibit semiconducting nature and generate metal‐semiconductor (MS) junction Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). However, Cd‐based CP 2 shows higher charge transport as compared to Zn‐CP 1, which could be due to stronger π⋅⋅⋅π contacts as well as larger size of Cd metal in CP 2. The experimental results are well corroborated with theoretical density of states (DOS) calculations.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Fracture Behavior of Extruded Wood–Plastic Composites under Bending

The ability of wood–plastic composites (WPCs) to withstand various loads and resist plastic failure is attracting more and more interest due to the global increase in demand for WPCs by over 6 million tons per year. Among the most important and innovative research methods are those based on fracture mechanics—their results enable material designers to optimize the structures of these hybrid polymer composites at the nano, micro and macro levels, and they allow engineers to more accurately evaluate and select functional, sustainable, long-lasting and safe product designs. In this study, standard single-edge notched bending (SENB) tests were used to analyze the fracture toughness of two different extruded WPCs along the longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) directions of extrusion. In addition to their resistance to crack propagation, critical fracture criteria, initial contact stiffness, fracture parameters and fracture surfaces, the mechanical properties of these composites were also investigated. The results showed that WPC-A coded composites withstood higher loads until failure in both directions compared to WPC-B. Despite the larger data spread, both types of composites were more resistant to crack propagation in the T direction. Mode II of crack propagation was clearly visible, while mode III was not as pronounced. The experimental results and the numerical finite element (FE) model developed up to 58% of the maximum load correlated well, and the obtained deformation curves were best approximated using cubic equations (R2 > 0.99). The shear stress zone and its location, as well as the distribution of the equivalent stresses, had a major influence on crack propagation in the fracture process zone (FZP).

A transfer learning-based hybrid model with LightGBM for smart grid short-term energy load prediction

Efficient energy management is crucial given 2024's 4.1% worldwide electricity demand increase. This urgency emphasizes the necessity for various, sustainable energy sources in distribution grids. Short-term load prediction approaches using probabilistic power generation and energy storage are crucial for energy usage prediction. Urban energy planners use simulation, probability optimization and modelling to create sustainable energy systems. This study offers a novel hybrid model for smart grids: short-term energy load prediction using transfer learning (TL) and optimized lightGBM (OLGBM). Our two-phase solution tackles Short-term Load Forecasting complexities. First, aberrant supplements and quick deviation selection eliminate missing values and identify key features during data pre-processing. Second, TL-OLGBM learns dynamic time scales and complex data patterns with Bayesian optimization of hyperparameters to improve forecasting accuracy. Additionally, our architecture easily combines the newest Smart and Green Technology, enabling energy system innovation. Comparative performance research shows that our technique outperforms similar models in mean absolute percentage error, accuracy and root mean square error. This hybrid model is a reliable short-term energy load forecast solution that fits the dynamic terrain of smart and green technology integration in modern energy systems.

Inertia of Technology Stocks: A Technology-Explicit Model for the Transition toward a Low-Carbon Global Aluminum Cycle.

Low-carbon technologies are essential for the aluminum industry to meet its climate targets despite increasing demand. However, the penetration of these technologies is often delayed due to the long lifetimes of the industrial assets currently in use. Existing models and scenarios for the aluminum sector omit this inertia and therefore potentially overestimate the realistic mitigation potential. Here, we introduce a technology-explicit dynamic material flow model for the global primary (smelters) and secondary (melting furnaces) aluminum production capacities. In business-as-usual scenarios, we project emissions from smelters and melting furnaces to rise from 710 Mt CO2-eq./a in 2020 to 920-1400 Mt CO2-eq./a in 2050. Rapid implementation of inert anodes in smelters can reduce emissions by 14% by 2050. However, a limitation of emissions compatible with a 2 °C scenario requires combined action: (1) an improvement of collection and recycling systems to absorb all the available postconsumer scrap, (2) a fast and wide deployment of low-carbon technologies, and (3) a rapid transition to low-carbon electricity sources. These measures need to be implemented even faster in scenarios with a stronger increase in aluminum demand. Lock-in effects are likely: building new capacity using conventional technologies will compromise climate mitigation efforts and would require premature retirement of industrial assets.

Recreational value of different coral reefs richness levels in Oman

Coral reefs in Oman boast remarkable biodiversity and distinct features, yet their economic contribution remains largely unexplored, making this topic seriously under-researched. This study addresses this gap by aiming to estimate the recreational value of ecosystem services offered by natural and artificial coral reefs along Oman's coastline, a valuable asset that falls under the category of public goods that has never been assessed. Moreover, the study delves into the impact of varying reef richness levels, indicating biodiversity levels, on overall recreational value in this seldom-studied region with significant coral reef resources. Notably, this research marks the first attempt in the literature to examine the influence of different richness levels of reefs on recreational value. A survey was conducted to evaluate the recreational value of ecosystem services provided by coral reefs using Travel Cost Method. Coral reefs are found to provide an annual consumer surplus of 187,763 OMR (about 487,727 USD), emphasizing their substantial economic value. Greater biodiversity within a reef corresponds to a higher preference among recreationists, leading to increased economic benefits and enhanced consumers satisfaction. The substantial increase in recreational demand at sites with high reef richness levels underscores the importance of these ecosystems not just for their intrinsic natural value but also for their contribution to the tourism sector. It is essential for decision-makers to focus on the preservation of existing coral reefs as a primary concern, prior to contemplating the creation of additional reefs to enhance marine tourism. Managerial implications•Coral reefs not only draw more recreationists but also significantly enhance consumer surplus and satisfaction•The richer the biodiversity of a reef, the more it is preferred, deriving greater economic value and consumer satisfaction•Oman's coral reefs provide a consumer surplus of 187,762.955 OMR (487,726.84 USD), emphasizing their economic significance•Policymakers should prioritize maintaining existing coral reefs before considering the development of new ones•Conserving and enhancing coral reefs is crucial for ecological and economic reasons, benefiting tourism-related activities

Towards Environmentally Sustainable Aviation: A Review on Operational Optimization

In recent years, the rapid growth of air traffic has intensified pressure on the air transport system, leading to congestion problems in airports and airspace. The projected increase in demand exacerbates these issues, necessitating immediate attention. Additionally, there is a growing concern regarding the environmental impact of the aviation sector. To tackle these challenges, the adoption of advanced methods and technologies shows promise in expanding current airspace capacity and improving its management. This paper presents an overview of sustainable aviation, drawing on publications from academia and industry. The emphasis is on optimizing both flight and ground operations. Specifically, the review delves into recent advancements in airline operations, airport operations, flight operations, and disruption management, analyzing their respective research objectives, problem formulations, methodologies, and computational experiments. Furthermore, the review identifies emerging trends, prevailing obstacles, and potential directions for future research.

Carbon Cycle Models Quantify for a Green and Low-Carbon Economy

CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels represent the largest anthropogenic disruption of the natural global carbon cycle and lead to an undesirable increase in atmospheric CO2 levels. The so-called "carbon-neutral" renewable energy source biomass appears to be a promising replacement for fossil fuels. The "Combined Energy and Biosphere Model" (CEBM), was developed as a method for calculating the atmospheric CO2 content after intensive use of biomass. It includes (i) a biosphere part computing the annual cycle of carbon in the biosphere on 2,433 grid elements covering the continents’ plant mass and soil, as well as (ii) an energy economic part for calculating the fossil CO2 emissions of 119 countries. As the history of understanding the carbon cycle (including quantification of plant growth and decay by formulae, inclusion of deforestation, fossil fuel use and the fertilizer effect) shows, such a global carbon cycle model (as the CEBM) provides the needed methodology to assess the net effects of large-scale biomass energy use on the plant’s atmosphere. Results show that biomass (in a systemic view) is “only half as carbon neutral” as previously thought, even on a principal level. The conclusions indicate that (even if biomass is a valuable mitigation strategy) its global potential is limited. When interpreting CEBM scenarios, as a very first priority, reducing the current annual increase in energy demand is most highly needed for preserving climate.

The potential for minimally invasive intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation in routine healthcare: applicability of the ENRICH trial criteria to an unselected cohort

ObjectiveFollowing the favorable outcomes demonstrated by the Early MiNimally-invasive Removal of IntraCerebral Hemorrhage (ENRICH) trial in supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS), and considering the increasing interest in MIS, we aimed to assess the potential eligibility rate for ICH patients in Sweden.MethodsAll patients with spontaneous ICH in the Swedish Stroke Register (RS) during 2017–2020 in Skane county (1.37 million) were assessed. Baseline imaging was used for radiological characterization. Clinical data were obtained from RS. MIS eligibility in the total ICH population meeting ENRICH criteria were estimated and extrapolated to the Swedish population (10.5 million).ResultsOf 1,314 ICH patients, 5.9% met the ENRICH criteria for MIS (ICH volume 30–80 ml). Considering the ENRICH trial results indicating the effectiveness of MIS was mainly attributable to intervention for lobar hemorrhages, we determined that 2.8% of our ICH cohort in Sweden would be eligible for MIS. The estimated rate of neurosurgery for ICH could increase from the current 1.46–1.90 patients/100,000 population/year (in absolute numbers from 154 to 200 interventions out of 2,400 ICHs in Sweden annually).ConclusionsWe show that 2.8% of the Skane ICH population would be eligible for MIS if ENRICH criteria are employed for patients with lobar ICH, corresponding to a 29% increase of current surgical rates for ICH in Sweden. As MIS for ICH is not yet standard practice in Sweden, consideration for its implementation within the neurosurgical organization becomes essential to accommodate the anticipated increase in patient demand.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in selected medicinal plants: a mini review.

The use of plant-based products in healthcare systems has experienced a tremendous rise leading to a substantial increase in global demand. However, the quality and effectiveness of such plant-based treatments are often affected due to contamination of various pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Like other plants, medicinal plants also uptake and accumulate PAHs when exposed to a contaminated environment. The consumption of such medicinal plants and/or plant-based products causes negative effects on health rather than providing any therapeutic advantages. Unfortunately, research focusing on PAH accumulation in medicinal plants has received very limited attention. This review discusses a sizable number of literature regarding the concentration of sixteen priority PAH pollutants as recognised by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in different medicinal plants. The review also highlights the risk assessment of cancer associated with some medicinal plants in terms of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalent concentrations.

Point-of-care testing: a critical analysis of the market and future trends

Point-of-care testing (POCT) involves conducting diagnostic tests outside the laboratory. These tests are utilized for their quick and reliable results in detecting chronic diseases and acute infections. We examined the historical market value trends of the POCT industry and projected its future growth. POCT devices offer several advantages, such as portability, no specific storage requirements, and simplicity of use. However, issues such as inaccurate results can reduce demand for POCT compared to traditional laboratory testing alternatives. While the benefits of POCT are clear, it’s important to acknowledge the challenges. The accuracy of POCT devices can be compromised due to factors such as user error, environmental conditions, and limitations in technology. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of these devices is often a concern, particularly in resource-limited settings. The regulatory landscape for POCT is also complex and varies by region, which can pose challenges for manufacturers and end-users. Improvements in POCT devices’ sensitivity, specificity, cost, and turnaround time for test results could enhance their utility. Enhancements to a POCT device should be considered if they are economically viable and lead to a significant increase in demand. Our financial analysis of the POCT market revealed a positive growth trend. We identified potential areas for growth that could help the industry progress and expand in line with its projected growth in the coming years. The industry could focus on integrating intelligent technologies into POCT devices and collaborating with the innovative technology sector to increase revenue. It could also develop more sensitive and accurate POCT devices for non-communicable diseases. Another potential area of growth is in diseases that require continuous patient monitoring but where conventional clinical testing is time-consuming. Enhancing the POCT devices used in these areas could revolutionize medical diagnosis and potentially save many lives, provided they meet clinical standards.

Performance Measurement of Small Cell Power Management Mechanism in 5G Cellular Networks using Firefly Algorithm

In cellular networks, with the increase in demand, designing a base station (BS) with less energy consumption remains a challenge for researchers. Also, in a heterogeneous network that is dense in nature, the distribution of numerous small BS has become a challenging issue in terms of expanding the cost of energy. In this paper, we investigate an optimized nature-based cluster sleep technique for reducing the power consumption in the BS as well as the interference in the network. The small BS are grouped along with the interference, which is assumed to be the cluster, which is quite large, where the fire fly (FF) algorithm is applied to frame the sleep technique for the small BS. These FF algorithms, which are based on fire fly attractiveness behavior, improve connectivity among the base stations in an energy-efficient way. The outcomes reveal that the projected sleep technique with the FF algorithm reduces the power consumed by the BS and also gives satisfactory performance for mobile users. The results were compared with the other techniques, such as BS conventional sleep mode and BS sleep mode with LEACH. The proposed method outperformed the other techniques.

Economy-wide Impacts of India–UAE CEPA: A CGE Analysis

The present study investigates the potential trade effects of tariff liberalisation under India–United Arab Emirates (UAE) Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) using general equilibrium analysis. The study specifically examines output, employment, exports and welfare effects of India–UAE CEPA in computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and database version 10. The study indicates output gains in manufacturing sector for both countries and an increase in demand for unskilled labour in India. The study argues that the CEPA will result in an increase in global exports of all commodity groups for both India and UAE and a substantial gain in bilateral exports of both countries. The present study suggests that deeper integration through tariff reduction on imports under India–UAE CEPA will be welfare enhancing for both India and UAE. Overall results show that there is a lot of untapped potential to bring the welfare gains for both trading partners. Given the present schedule of tariff reduction of CEPA, a win–win scenario will emerge for both partners in short as well as long run. Finally, the study cautioned about the implications of sensitive list for trade effects and protection from misuse of rules of origin in the CEPA. JEL Codes: F1, F13, F14, F15, F17

“We might not have been in hospital, but we were frontline workers in the community”: a qualitative study exploring unmet need and local community-based responses for marginalised groups in Greater Manchester during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe response to the COVID-19 pandemic saw a significant increase in demand for the voluntary, community, faith and social enterprise (VCFSE) sector to provide support to local communities. In Greater Manchester (GM), the VCFSE sector and informal networks provided health and wellbeing support in multiple ways, culminating in its crucial supportive role in the provision of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout across the GM city region. However, the support provided by the VCFSE sector during the pandemic remains under-recognised. The aims of the study were to: understand the views and experiences of marginalised communities in GM during the COVID-19 pandemic; explore how community engagement initiatives played a role during the pandemic and vaccine rollout; assess what can be learnt from the work of key stakeholders (community members, VCFSEs, health-system stakeholders) for future health research and service delivery.MethodsThe co-designed study utilised a participatory approach throughout and was co-produced with a Community Research Advisory Group (CRAG). Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted remotely between September-November 2021, with 35 participants from local marginalised communities, health and care system stakeholders and VCFSE representatives. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsLocal communities in GM were not supported sufficiently by mainstream services during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in increased pressure onto the VCFSE sector to respond to local communities’ need. Community-based approaches were deemed crucial to the success of the vaccination drive and in providing support to local communities more generally during the pandemic, whereby such approaches were in a unique position to reach members of diverse communities to boost uptake of the vaccine. Despite this, the support delivered by the VCFSE sector remains under-recognised and under-valued by the health system and decision-makers.ConclusionsA number of challenges associated with collaborative working were experienced by the VSCE sector and health system in delivering the vaccination programme in partnership with the VCFSE sector. There is a need to create a broader, more inclusive health system which allows and promotes inter-sectoral working. Flexibility and adaptability in ongoing and future service delivery should be championed for greater cross-sector working.