Increase In Average Air Temperature Research Articles

Long-term variation in thermal strain on the human body in the region of Siedlce

Aim of the studyAs a result of the increase in average air temperature associated with the present-day climate change, heatwaves are forecast to occur with increasing frequency. What is more, they will be longer, more intense, and potentially very dangerous for human health and life. The present work reports the day-to-day variation in air temperature and the variation of thermally characteristic days in Siedlce from 2001 to 2023.Material and methodsDay-to-day values of average and maximum air temperatures were obtained from the Siedlce Meteorological Station. The day-to-day variation in air temperature was determined across six ranges, and their frequencies in each month were calculated. Additionally, based on the maximum temperature, the number of thermally characteristic days (from cold to hot) was identified, and sequences of hot and very hot days were determined. The direction of trends in the number of hot and very hot days was also established.Results and conclusionsIn the Siedlce region, days marked by significant day-to-day temperature changes occurred on average 4.8 days per year, them being the most frequent in January (5.5 days/year) and least frequent in October (3.7 days/year). Comparing the number of hot and very hot days between the periods 2001-2012 and 2013-2023, an increase of about 6 hot days and 3 very hot days was observed. The trend coefficients for these changes were also positive, amounting to 0.43 and 0.24 days, respectively. The most frequent were sequences of hot days which were 4 to 6 days long.

The impact of temperature factor on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Khanh Hoa province during 2007 – 2021

A retrospective descriptive study was conducted to describe the impact of temperature (Average air temperature (AAT), average maximum air temperature (AMaxT), average minimum air temperature (AMinT)) on the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases in Khanh Hoa province from January 2007 to December 2021. Monthly data were collected and analyzed using a negative binomial regression model with the average temperature over a lag period of 3 months. The results showed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between AAT, or a statistically significant negative correlation between AMaxT, AMinT and the relative risk of DHF. With a 1oC increase in AAT, the number of DHF increased by 4791.09% (95% CI: 2479.03 ÷ 9175.86, p < 0.001). For 1oC increase in AMaxT, the number of DHF decreased by -36.24% (95% CI: -58.10 ÷ -2.95, p = 0.036). With a 1 oC increase in AMinT, the number of DHF decreased by -94.97% (95% CI: -96.86 ÷ -91.95, p < 0.001). The study found that the environmental temperatures, specifically AAT, AMaxT and AMinT, contributed to the impact on the number of DHF cases in Khanh Hoa province. Monthly temperature data can be valuable in the assessment and prevention of DHF.

Phosphorus inactivation mitigates the effect of warm winters in a temperate shallow lake (Mielenko Lake, Poland)

Direct and indirect anthropopressure on water ecosystems is the serious problem throughout the world.. In the Northern Hemisphere, an increase in average air temperatures is observed, which implies the occurrence of a shorter period of snow and ice cover during the winter season. The winter 2019/2020 was unusual, because that was the first time in the record, that a complete lack of permanent ice cover was observed on numerous lakes in Poland. Such unusual conditions could influence lake functioning. Hence we analyzed the chemistry of the water–sediment interface (near-bottom and interstitial water and sediment) in the shallow, eutrophic Mielenko Lake (area 7.9 ha, max depth 1.9 m) in 2013 and 2019–2022 period to assess the influence of prolonged water circulation on the bottom zone. Mielenko Lake was subjected to a phosphorus inactivation procedure using Al and Fe salts (PAX 18, PIX 111) in 2020 and 2021. Our research revealed that unusually prolonged winter circulation caused a significant decrease in organic matter content in bottom sediment in 2020, as well as a decrease in NaOH-nrP fraction and TP amounts. That effect was short-term and it did not significantly influence the NaOH-rP fraction amounts. The released P was probably built in macrophytes biomass during vegetation season, because P inactivation has been limiting phytoplankton proliferation, and it favored shifting to a clearwater state with macrophytes domination. This was confirmed by decreasing in phytoplankton biomass, and a massive expansion of the macrophytes range noted in the second year of restoration. Our study shows, that P inactivation could mitigate the negative effects of warm winters in shallow lakes.

The role of citizen science in assessing the spatiotemporal pattern of rainfall events in urban areas: a case study in the city of Genoa, Italy

Abstract. Climate change in the Mediterranean region is manifesting itself as an increase in average air temperature and a change in the rainfall regime: the value of cumulative annual rainfall generally appears to be constant, but the intensity of annual rainfall maxima, between 1 and 24 h, is increasing, especially in the period between late summer and early autumn. The associated ground effects in urban areas consist of flash floods and pluvial floods, often in very small areas, depending on the physical-geographical layout of the region. In the context of global warming, it is therefore important to have an adequate monitoring network for rain events that are highly concentrated in space and time. This research analyses the meteo-hydrological features of the 27 and 28 August 2023 event that occurred in the city of Genoa, Italy, just 4 d after the record maximum air temperature was recorded: between 19:00 and 02:00 UTC almost 400 mm of rainfall was recorded in the eastern sector of the historic centre of Genoa, with significant ground effects such as flooding episodes and the overflowing of pressurised culverts. Rainfall observations and estimates were made using both official or “authoritative” networks (rain gauges and meteorological radar) and rain gauge networks inspired by citizen science principles. The combined analysis of observations from authoritative and citizen science networks reveals, for the event analysed, a spatial variability of the precipitation field at an hourly and a sub-hourly timescale that cannot be captured by the current spatial density of the authoritative measurement stations (which have one of the highest densities in Italy). Monthly total rainfall and short-duration annual maximum time series recorded by the authoritative rain gauge network of the Genoa area are then analysed. The results show significant variation even at distances of less than 2 km in the average rainfall depth accumulated over sub-hourly duration. Extreme weather monitoring activity is confirmed as one of the most important aspects in terms of flood prevention and protection in urban areas. The integration between authoritative and citizen science networks can prove to be a valid contribution to the monitoring of extreme events.

Exploring the Nexus of Climate Change and Substance Abuse: A Scoping Review.

The increase in average air temperature and multiple extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and droughts, pose significant health risks to humans. This scoping review aims to examine the current state of the existing literature concerning the potential relationship between substance abuse and climate change, along with the aspects it encompasses. The review followed PRISMA guidelines for methodological rigor, aiming to identify studies on drug abuse. Searches were conducted across the primary databases using specific search strings. Quality assessment involved evaluating the research question's clarity, search strategy transparency, consistency in applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and reliability of data extraction. Most studies were conducted in the USA. They included observational and retrospective quantitative studies, as well as qualitative and prospective observational ones. Research examined the correlation between extreme weather and some substance abuse. All studies analyzed the adverse effects of climate change, especially heatwaves, on both physiological and pathological levels. The scoping review notes the scarcity of studies about the correlation between substance abuse and climate change, and emphasizes the threats faced by individuals with substance abuse and mental health disorders due to climate change.

Building resilience to a warming world: A contribution toward a definition of “Integrated Climate Resilience” specific for buildings - Literature review and proposals

With the forecast of a warmer world, with longer, more frequent and more intense heat waves, it becomes essential to have buildings that are resilient to a rapidly warming climate and able to withstand extreme temperature events.This research investigates the concept of buildings’ resilience. Specifically, the article collects definitions of resilient building found in 32 scientific articles referring primarily to thermal aspects and seeks to associate each definition with one of the two interpretations of resilience, namely the engineering and ecological ones, mainly identified within the theory on resilience. This aimed to assess whether there is a predominant and – more importantly – a clear understanding of resilience for buildings, to which extent this concept is well defined and clear, which is a topic that, to the best of our knowledge, no study on thermal resilience of buildings seems to have examined to date.Results showed a significant lack of consensus regarding the interpretation of buildings’ resilience within the selected literature. Such lack of consensus highlights the ongoing confusion about the concept of buildings’ resilience to the threats posed by the current and future climate; what should this concept include concretely? A certain discrepancy also emerged even between the interpretation used to define resilience and that used for its indicators. Furthermore, the available definitions are observed to be rather generic, not specific to buildings and, in any case, it does not seem easy to make them operative. In addition to the literature analysis, the article proposes a tentative approach, which could usefully arrive at an attempted definition of resilience that is specific to buildings and operative. Starting with buildings, the proposed “bottom-up” approach is innovative compared to the prevailing approach in the literature that starts with definitions of ecological and engineering resilience (top-down) instead. Furthermore, the article delivers a couple of considerations to be accounted for when applying the concept of resilience to buildings: the importance of considering not only extreme events but also climate change understood as an increase in average air temperature and the importance of also including the inherent resilience due to the presence of occupants, whose thermal adaptive behavior can mitigate the risk of power outages by making the building less vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.By providing an operational tool for researchers, engineers and planners who intend to strengthen the resilience of the building in the face of climate change, the research contributes to achieving a clearer and shared understanding of how the concept of buildings’ resilience should be declined.

Exploring the reproductive features of Clupisoma garua from Ganges River, Bangladesh: insights into eco-climatic factors for sustainable management and advancements in aquaculture practices.

The Garua bacha, Clupisoma garua, holds considerable commercial and nutritional significance as a fish species. This study investigates the relationships between GSI (gonadosomatic index) and eco-climatic conditions, and provides comprehensive insights into several facets of reproduction, such as size at first sexual maturity (Lm), spawning season, peak spawning period, and proposes sustainable management strategies for C. garua in the Ganges River, northwestern, Bangladesh. Since January to December 2017, 570 female individuals have been gathered from the Ganges River using cast nets, gill nets, and square lift nets on a monthly basis. The total length (TL) of the specimens varied from 3.90 to 26.30cm. Lm was estimated as 14.30cm based on the results of the TL vs. GSI, MGSI (modified gonadosomatic index), DI (Dobriyal index), 14.00cm through TL-FL regressions, and 15.18cm depending on Lmax for this species. Furthermore, the spawning period was observed from May to August, peaking in June and July, based on greater GSI, MGSI, and DI values. Throughout the peak spawning season, there was not a significant differ from a value of 100 in the relative weight (WR) of the female species. During the spawning season, a substantial association between temperature and GSI (p = 0.0038); rainfall and GSI (p = 0.0043); DO and GSI (p = 0.0043); pH and GSI (p = 0.0002); and alkalinity and GSI (p = 0.0001) was detected. Analyzing a 55-year data series (1964-2018), it became clear that an increase in average air temperature of 0.0289 °C and a decrease in rainfall of 2.988mm per year might possibly delay the spawning season of this species. As a consequence, the results of this study provide crucial information for developing management strategies to safeguard C. garua populations in the Ganges River and its adjacent ecosystems.

Study of thermal comfort in the Sentra Primer Barat CBD Area using envi-met simulation

By 2045, it is estimated that almost 70% of Indonesia’s population will live in urban areas. However, the growing population and density of the city of Jakarta has led to a significant increase in temperature, which has a negative impact on the comfort of living in the region. Sentra Primer Barat CBD is one of the strategic central business districts in Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to identify the condition of thermal comfort in the Sentra Primer Barat CBD Area in two conditions, the current conditions and the planned conditions. The planned conditions are adapted into instructions on urban design guideline for Sentra Primer Barat. The study uses ENVI-met software to analyse thermal comfort. Microclimate parameters that are used for the study are air temperature, wind speed, humidity, and Tmrt (Temperature Mean Radiant). The parameters will then be reviewed and utilised to see their implications for thermal comfort index. The results shows a significant difference between the current conditions and the planned conditions. Under planned conditions, there is an increase in average air temperature and Tmrt, while average wind speed and average humidity see a decrease. This indicates higher potential of thermal discomfort in the study area. The thermal comfort index (PET) also deteriorate under the planned conditions. This research highlights the importance of improving thermal comfort in the Sentra Primer Barat CBD Area and provides guidance for better urban planning in the future. It is expected that environmental improvement efforts in this region can improve the residents’ quality of life and promote sustainability of the urban environment.

PENERAPAN MODEL REGRESI PANEL KOMPONEN DUA ARAH PADA POLA CURAH HUJAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Rainfall is the climate element that is most closely related to supporting the life processes of Indonesian people such as agricultural production, plantations, fisheries, and aviation. In 2014-2016, Indonesia experienced a drought due to a global climate anomaly called the El Nino phenomenon, where annual rainfall at that time tended to decrease from other years. While in 2020-2022, rainfall in Indonesia tends to increase from other years, this event is called the La Nina phenomenon. This study aims to describe the rainfall patterns that occur in each phenomenon and analyze the regression model of rainfall panels in Central Kalimantan province with a two-way component approach. Random Effects Model (REM) is the most appropriate model to be used in the phenomenon of La Nina. Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the most appropriate model to be used in the El Nino phenomenon. Feasible Generalized Least Square is a parameter estimation method that is focused and used to estimate regression parameters in this study. Based on the results of regression analysis of panel data, for the phenomenon of La Nina obtained R2 value of 51.66% and found that the average air temperature variable tested significant. For the El Nino phenomenon, the value of R2 is 75.35% and it is found that there are no significant independent variables tested. Therefore, it can be expected that the increase in average air temperature can decrease the average rainfall value when the La Nina phenomenon occurs in Central Kalimantan province.

Methods and means for managing moisture supply regimes during original potato seed growing in the context of global climate change

Obtaining high-quality seed material in soil-climatic zones favorable for the production of original and elite potato seed production requires placing production on clean phytosanitary territories in the high-mountainous, North-Western and Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, where there is a minimum number of carriers of potato diseases, moderate temperatures, and a sufficient level of moisture supply to plants. The statistics of weather observations show a steady increase in average air temperatures, as well as an increase in the amount of average annual precipitation with uneven precipitation. In intensive technologies used for the production of potato seeds, there is a significant over compaction of the surface and subsurface horizons of the soil, which leads to a deterioration in the moisture supply regime for plants, which significantly affects the yield and quality of seed material. The solution of this problem requires the improvement of technological methods and technical means used during potato seed production.

Impact of climate change on the long-term water balance in the Yarlung Zangbo basin

The Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau (TP) region serves as the “Asian water tower”. Yarlung Zangbo basin (YZB) is one of most important major rivers originating from TP sustaining billions of lives in the downstream alluvial plain. Climate change has impacted the hydrological cycle in this alpine region; however, the temporal and spatial trends of runoff and the water balance has not been quantified adequately. Here, we have optimized the snowmelt module of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the YZB to quantify the historical and future variability in the runoff, snowmelt water, and water balance components. According to the results of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Five and Six (CMIP5 and CMIP6) the future precipitation (2020–2099) projected by the CMIP6 will increase by 2.7% when compared to historical reference (1980–2019), while the precipitation will increase by 10.2% when projected by the CMIP5. The increase in average air temperature (2.4°C) projected by CMIP6 exceeds that of CMIP5 (1.9°C). The runoff between 2020 and 2050 will decrease by −12.7% compared with historical reference, and it will further decline by −9.2% during 2060 and 2099. Based on the average results of CMIP5 and CMIP6, the water balance deficit will increase primarily due to an increase in evaporation of 42.4%, whereas snowmelt (−32.1%), water yield (−9.4%), soil water (−19.8%), and groundwater recharge (−17.8%) will decrease. Long-term water balance evaluation implicates that middle and upper reaches will face a higher risk of drought, implying a potential threat to the sustainability of grassland ecosystems upstream.

Changes in Meteorological Elements and Its Impacts on Yunnan Plateau Lakes

In this study, we analyzed the main climatic factors influencing nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province over the past 40 years (from 1980 to 2019) based on trend and mutation analyses. The results revealed that the air temperatures of these plateau lakes have increased, with an annual average air temperature increase of 0.18 °C per decade, during this 40-year period. From 2000 to 2005, there was an abrupt change in the air temperature increase, the rate of which was 0.20 °C per decade, and there were reductions in long-wave radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and snowfall. In addition, the rising trend in the air temperature of these lakes located in northwest Yunnan (temperate climate, higher elevation) was found to be significantly higher than that of the lakes in central Yunnan (subtropical climate, lower elevation), whereas in contrast, the declining trends in long-wave radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation were more pronounced in central than in northwestern Yunnan.

Климатические риски на пространстве ЕАЭС: национальные подходы и совместные решения

The paper is aimed to study the strategies of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, which they implement in the field of environmental policy to mitigate the effects of the negative impact of global climate change. The key climate risks associated with the increase in average air temperature over the territories of the EAEU member states are considered. The measures taken by the countries to reduce them are assessed. The study is based on qualitative methods, which allowed to draw conclusions about the specifics of EAEU countries' approaches to the implementation of the global climate agenda at national levels as well as within the EAEU.

Место европейских городов Средиземноморья в сфере туризма Европейского союза

The purpose of the study is to determine the position of Mediterranean cities in the European tourism system. For this purpose, the tourist attractiveness and tourism development of the Mediterranean region and the EU countries are analyzed. The place of the most attractive tourist cities of the Mediterranean in the EU market has been determined. Their strengths and weaknesses in the development of tourism are highlighted and opportunities and threats are considered. The methods of comparative, cluster, SWOT analysis were used in the work, a classification and a series of tables and maps were created. As a result of cluster analysis of a dozen indicators, groups of countries by tourist attractiveness and groups of cities of the European Union by the level of tourism development were identified. The study showed that the cities of the Mediterranean have different degrees of tourism development, while the level of tourism development in the cities of the western part of the region is higher than in the eastern. The largest of them have a diversified tourist offer and attract tourists as centers of resort, cultural and educational, business, event and religious tourism. They are a popular destination for citizens of Germany, Great Britain, Austria and the Scandinavian countries. There is also an interchange of tourists from the Mediterranean countries: France and Italy. Mediterranean cities have different and, in some cases, significantly different values of tourism development indicators. Higher rates of tourism development are observed in cities in the western part of the Mediterranean, while lower rates are observed in cities in the eastern part (cities of Greece, Croatia, Slovenia, Cyprus). The predominant number of Mediterranean cities, which are included in the list of the most popular destinations, demonstrate indicators of tourism development closer to the minimum values: economy and business, tourist activity, tourist policy and attractiveness, tourist infrastructure. In terms of characteristics, they are similar to cities in Portugal, as well as cities in Eastern Europe. The weak side of the development of tourism in Mediterranean cities is the indicators of sustainable development (the increase in average air temperature, the content of PM2.5 particles in the air), which affects the index of sustainable tourism. After the lifting of all coronavirus restrictions, Mediterranean cities are capable of rapid recovery due to the fact that they provide a familiar tourist product of good quality, which is important in conditions of uncertainty. Also, a plus is the proximity to the countries-the main suppliers of tourists and a long travel ban, which stimulated the desire to travel.

Future Changes in Temperature and Precipitation over Northeastern Brazil by CMIP6 Model

Global warming is causing an intensification of extreme climate events with significant changes in frequency, duration, and intensity over many regions. Understanding the current and future influence of this warming in northeastern Brazil (NEB) is important due to the region’s greater vulnerability to natural disasters, as historical records show. In this paper, characteristics of climate change projections (precipitation and air temperature) over NEB are analyzed using 15 models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) scenarios. By using the Taylor diagram, we observed that the HadGEM3-GC31-MM model simulates the seasonal behavior of climate variables more efficiently. Projections for NEB indicate an irreversible increase in average air temperature of at least 1 °C throughout the 21st century, with a reduction of up to 30% in annual rainfall, as present in scenarios of regional rivalry (SSP3-7.0) and high emissions (SSP5-8.5). This means that a higher concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) will increase air temperature, evaporation, and evapotranspiration, reducing rainfall and increasing drought events. The results obtained in this work are essential for the elaboration of effective strategies for adapting to and mitigating climate change for the NEB.

An integrated modeling approach to predict trophic state changes in a large Brazilian reservoir

Process-based ecological models have been used to study freshwater ecosystems and water quality on a broad scale. However, it is also of pivotal importance to incorporate watershed dynamics and nutrient releases in the downstream freshwaters. Integrated modeling approaches have been used to understand the combined effect of climate warming and land use and land cover (LULC) changes in lake ecosystems. Moreover, most basin-scale water quality models require many datasets and parameters to perform reliable simulations which contributes to reduce studies in poorly monitored basins, most of them located in the Global South. In this study, we developed a coupled hydrological-biogeochemical-ecological modeling framework forced by two regionalized climate models and three LULC change scenarios to forecast trophic state changes in a subtropical multipurpose reservoir for the decade 2050-2060. The projections indicated an average air temperature increase between 2°C and 3°C and a downward trend of the average rainfall and longwave radiation for the 2050s in comparison to the last decade. We found a pattern of 28% increase in total phosphorus (TP) and total chlorophyll-a (TChla) concentrations in the reservoir compared with the historical baseline. The climate warming projections along the 2059 projected LULC and basin's increased economic development scenarios have predicted trophic state index (TSI) shifts between mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions (53.3<TSI<57.7). On the other hand, one of the climate projections along the reduced deforestation scenario indicated a trend towards oligotrophication between 2054 and 2056, however higher phosphorus availability (60µg.l−1<TP<100µg.l−1) and phytoplankton biomass (50µg.l−1<TChla<97µg.l−1) would be expected for the entire decade compared to recent years. The proposed coupled modeling framework demonstrated the potential of open-source tools in water quality management studies, especially for poorly monitored basins, based on climate change trends and human pressure.

Trend Analyses of Percolation of Atmospheric Precipitation Due to Climate Change: Case Study in Lithuania

The aim of this paper is to identify the trends of changes in atmospheric precipitation percolation under the changing climate conditions of Lithuania (the East Baltic region) based on long-term lysimeter studies. Data from 1987–2022 research (n = 1296) was used to determine trends in precipitation infiltration changes. Two 10-year periods, 1989–1998 and 2011–2020, were selected from the whole observation period (1987–2022) to assess changes in precipitation infiltration due to climate change. The air temperature has increased significantly in November (+3.4 °C) and December (+3.3 °C), with a +2.2 °C increase in the standard climate normal. The distribution of yearly precipitation has changed, with the annual amount decreasing from 686 to 652 mm. Precipitation increased the most in July and August (10.9 and 22.9 mm). In autumn, the amount of precipitation decreased by 7.9–31.1 mm. The number of rainy days did not change during the year, but the frequency of heavy precipitation increased significantly in August. The annual percolation increased by 14.2% over 2011–2020 compared to 1989–1998. Percolation increased by 19.0, 22.3, and 20.1% during the spring, autumn, and winter, respectively, and decreased by 35.0% in summer. The increase in annual percolation is mostly related to the increase in temperature during the cold season: November and December. During these months, the likelihood of early freeze formation, which interrupts gravitational water percolation in soil, is significantly reduced. In the spring, the increase in average air temperatures in March leads to faster melting of the winter snow in a shorter period, which significantly increases percolation processes. In Lithuania, higher percolation in autumn and winter, when part of the agricultural land is not covered by vegetation, may lead to higher leaching of chemical elements.

Trends in the Phenology of Climber Roses under Changing Climate Conditions in the Mazovia Lowland in Central Europe

The genetic pool of valuable old ornamental cultivars and their in situ maintenance is threated by climate change. Meanwhile, ornamental plants like roses make up an important share of both gardens and urban green spaces, where they are particularly vulnerable to multi-stress growth conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of changing climatic conditions on growth and flowering of 11 historic climber roses through long-term studies (2000–2017) conducted in Central Europe. The evaluation of plants consisted of assessment of frost damage and the timing of early phenological stages (starting of bud break, leaf unfolding), as well as gathering data on the beginning, fullness, and end of flowering and its abundance. Frost damage was not observed in any year only in ‘Mme Plantier’ and did not occur for any cultivar after the winter in the years 2007, 2008, and 2014. Only a little damage to one-year shoots was recorded after the winter in the years 2015–2017. Frost damage to ‘Alberic Barbier’, ‘Albertine’, ‘Chaplin’s Pink Climber’, ‘Orange Triumph clg’, and ‘Venusta Pendula’ led to pruning to ground level in every year excluding those listed above. Frost damage of once-blooming roses limited their flowering; however, the many-year datasets showed a trend for decreased frost damage and improved abundance of flowering, and these results can be interpreted as a response to the increase of average air temperature. The timing of bud breaking and leaf development in all climber roses was strictly correlated with average air temperature in the dormancy period. The reactions of climber roses to weather conditions confirmed the influence of climatic changes on ornamental crop plants in Central Europe, introducing the potential possibility for the wider application of climber roses, but without certainty of flowering every year.

Asymmetric Differences in the Effects of Average Air Temperature and Solar Radiation on Early Rice and Late Rice Yield

China is the world’s largest rice producer. Thus, the stability of rice production plays a decisive role in food security. Among the types of rice, double rice (including early rice and late rice) accounts for the largest proportion of rice in China. Climate change is widely expected to affect rice yields. Studying the response of double rice yield to climate change will benefit strategic decisions related to future crop adaptation. In this paper, the relationship between climate factors and the yield of double rice during 1992–2013 in south China was analysed to determine the responses of double rice yield to climate change. The results showed that the daily average air temperature during the early rice and late rice growing seasons increased by 0.34 °C and 0.68 °C, 0.29 °C and 0.67 °C, and 0.11 °C and 0.31 °C per 10-year period in the northern subtropical zone (NST), middle subtropical zone (MST) and south subtropical zone (SST), respectively, in the last 20 years. The change trend in solar radiation was not obvious, but it fluctuated greatly. A 1 °C increase in average air temperatures decreased early rice yield by 5.36% and 2.16% in SST and MST, respectively; decreased late rice yield by 0.75% and 1.43% in MST and NST, respectively; and increased late rice yield by 3.93% in SST. A solar radiation increases of 100 MJ m−2 increased early rice yield by 1.02%, 1.54% and 1.71% in SST, MST and NST, respectively, and decreased late rice yield by 0.89% in SST. We found that annual average temperatures of 17.3 °C and 18.6 °C were the early rice and late rice yield variation thresholds, respectively; in addition, above the background temperature in south China, the early rice yield will decrease and the late rice yield will increase.

Hydroclimatological Patterns and Limnological Characteristics of Unique Wetland Systems on the Argentine High Andean Plateau

High-elevation wetlands in South America are not well described despite their high sensitivity to human impact and unique biodiversity. We describe the hydroclimatological and limnological characteristics of 21 wetlands on the High Andean Plateau of Argentina, synthesizing information gathered over ten years (2010–2020). We collected physical-chemical, phytoplankton, and zooplankton data and counted flamingos in each wetland. We also conducted an extensive analysis of climatic patterns and hydrological responses since 1985. These wetlands are shallow, with a wide range of salinity (from fresh to brine), mostly alkaline, and are dominated by carbonate and gypsum deposits and sodium-chloride waters. They tend to have high nutrient concentrations. Plankton shows a low species richness and moderate to high dominance of taxa. Flamingos are highly dependent on the presence of Bacillariophyta, which appears to be positively linked to silica and soluble reactive phosphorus availability. Climatic conditions show a strong region-wide increase in average air temperature since the mid-1980s and a decrease in precipitation between 1985–1999 and 2000–2020. These high-elevation wetlands are fundamentally sensitive systems; therefore, having baseline information becomes imperative to understanding the impact of climatic changes and other human perturbations. This work attempts to advance the body of scientific knowledge of these unique wetland systems.