Increase In High-density Lipoprotein Research Articles

Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundPrevious studies have yielded inconsistent findings on the role of fish oil in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We systematically summarized the available evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT) and aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with T2DM.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in electronic databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang) to identify all relevant RCTs which were published up to May 31st, 2019. We used Modified Jadad Score system to evaluate the quality of each included RCT. The pooled effects were estimated using random-effects model and presented as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in glucose control outcomes comparing fish oil supplementation to placebo. The effect size of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was 0.13 (95% CI: − 0.03 to 0.28, p > 0.05). No marked change was observed in fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels. Fish oil supplementation was associated with a decrease of triglyceride (TG) level by − 0.40 (95%CI: − 0.53 to − 0.28, p < 0.05), and an increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level by 0.21 (95%CI: 0.05 to 0.37, p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, HDL cholesterol level was higher among Asian and low-dose(< 2 g/d n-3 PUFA) subgroups compared to their counterparts (p < 0.05). TG level was lower in mid and long duration groups, along with an inconspicuous difference in short duration group.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows that among patients with T2DM, fish oil supplementation leads to a favorable blood lipids profile but does not improve glucose control.

Influence of Lactobacillus casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) on growth performance, EPA, DHA, HDL, LDL, cholesterol of meat broiler chickens

Use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feeds has been restricted due to the residues in poultry products such as egg and meat, furthermore to the antibiotic resistant of pathogenic bacteria. The prohibition of their use opens the opportunity for the use of non-antibiotic feed additives such as probiotics. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the addition of Lactobacillus casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) to diets on growth performance, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and cholesterol levesl of broiler chickens. In this research, one-day old male broiler chicks were used and divided equally into four groups, namely a basal diet without L. casei WB 315 and without CFO (P0), basal diet supplemented with 0.5% L. casei WB 315 of total broiler basal feed (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and without CFO (P1), basal diet supplemented without L. casei WB 315 and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed (P2), and basal diet supplemented with 0.5% L. casei WB 315 of total broiler basal feed (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed (P3) for 35 days. The results of addition 0.5% Lactobacillus casei WB 315 (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed after 35 days showed significant difference among treatment in feed efficiency (p<0.05), feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), feed consumption (p<0.05), EPA (p<0.05), DHA (p<0.05), increase HDL (p<0.05), reduced the LDL (p<0.05), and reduce cholesterol (p<0.05) in meat broiler chicken. It is concluded that the addition of L. casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) could significant improve the growth performance (feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, feed consumption) and could significantly improve EPA, DHA and increase HDL and decrease LDL in meat poultry product.

Exploring the Pharmacognostic Features, Anti-oxidant and Lipid Lowering Potential of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Seed

Background: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. is a herb consumed as food and has medicinal value. It is a rich source of bioactive nutrients which cure and prevent many ailments. Traditionally, it is used to treat hypertension, diabetes, constipation, cancer etc. Methods and Objective: Present work illustrates morphological, microscopic and physicochemical parameters of Fagopyrum esculentum seeds as per WHO guidelines, in vitro antioxidant activity; assessed by DPPH scavenging method, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching method and study of lipid lowering potential of the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of seeds on normal diet fed Wistar rats. Results: Morphological studies delineated the triangular shape, dark brown colour, 8 mm length and 6 mm width of the seed. The microscopic examination of the transverse section of seed depicted features like testa or pericarp (seed coat), the endosperm, embryo and sclerenchyma cells. Study of physiochemical parameters exhibited 0.3±0.02% of foreign matter and 1.44±0.51% crude fibre content. Total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash value were 6.7±1.7%, 1.9±0.23% and 3.9± 0.31% respectively. Alcohol soluble and water soluble extractive value came out to be 65.02± 3.21 mg/g and 12.7±1.24 mg/g respectively. Foaming index was less than 100, swelling index was found to be 0.5±0.01 ml/g. Loss on drying was 4.02±1.27%. Phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate and ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and flavonoids. Trace amount of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pesticide residue analysis confirmed the presence of nontoxic pesticides like dimethipin, hymexazol, phenothrin-2, methoprene, triadimenol, prohydrojasmon- 1, jasmolin ii, triademinol, jasmolin i, prohydrojasmone i, cyromazine in both the extracts by gc-ms spectrometer. The ethyl acetate and ethanol extract has shown significant in-vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated by the DPPH method (IC50 = 94.37±2.51 and 216.04±4.39 μg/ml respectively), hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay (IC50 = 83.72±3.72 and 193.47±5.05 µg/ml respectively) and β-carotene bleaching method (IC50 = 100.67±4.01 and 205.39±2.89 µg/ml respectively). Lipid lowering study performed on Wistar rats demonstrated a significant (p&lt;0.001) decrease in serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and increase in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level as compared to normal group. Both the extracts have shown a non significant difference in the level of TG as compared to standard drug atorvastatin, depicting that the efficacy of extracts is at par with that of standard drug atorvastatin. Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study of the plant can be a very good tool for identification as well as authentication of a herb. Moreover, these parameters may be helpful in the development of monograph of the plant. Pharmacological activity confirmed Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. seed to be a good antioxidant and have lipid lowering potential.

Role of simvastatin and allium sativum on lipid profile in diabetic dyslipidemic patients: a comparative study.

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in lipid profile in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia using lipid lowering drug, simvastatin and herbal product allium sativum. Study Design: Clinical trial. Setting: Surgeon Munawar Memorial Hospital, Karachi. Period: 1st January 2017 to 30th April 2017. Material &amp; Methods: The study was designed to assess the effects of hmg-coa reductase inhibitor (simvastatin) and allium sativum on lipid profile in patients with diabetic dysplipidemia. The exclusion criteria included lactating/pregnant women’s, renal, liver and established coronary artery disease. Results: Sixty patients with abnormal lipid profile were included in the study (age 30-60 years). Patients were divided into two groups (30 patients each). Group a was orally administered with product of simvastatin (20 mg)/day for 04 months and in group b, patients were orally administered with herbal product of allium sativum (300 mg)/day for 04 months. Conclusion: On the basis of this study it is observed that allium sativum as well as simvastatin tablets both reduce total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c).

The quality of corn milk-based cheese analogue made with virgin coconut oil as a fat substitute and with various emulsifiers

Cheese analogues can be produced by modifying ingredients to produce low-fat cheese. Low-fat cheese generally has a less preferable texture and taste, so it is used as a fat substitute. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is commonly used as a fat substitute because it can reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the blood. In this study, we aimed to: 1) determine the effect of VCO concentration on the quality of corn milk-based cheddar cheese analogue; and 2) study the effect of emulsifier type on the quality of the cheese analogue. This research used experimental methods with a randomized group design. Two factors were studied: the concentration of VCO (i.e. 15%, 20%, 25%) and type of emulsifier (Span 80, Tween 80 (1%), Span 80:Tween 80 (1:1)). The observed variables included yield, total solids, total titrated acidity, moisture content, fat content, protein content, and sensory properties. The results showed that an increase in VCO concentration of 15–25% in the cheese analogue-making process increased fat and moisture content, but reduced sensory value. The emulsifiers did not influence the physicochemical variables and sensory properties of the produced cheese analogue significantly. The best cheese analogue was produced using 25% VCO and Tween 80. The characteristics of this product were: 59.93% bb yield, 54.62% moisture content, 30.2 degrees Brix total solids, pH 5.62, 19.96% fat content, 11.51% soluble protein with colour sensory value of 3.84 (yellowish white), scent value of 4.07 (slightly typical of cheese), taste value of 5.48 (slightly salty), texture value of 2.55 (not hard) and favourite value of 4.38 (slightly favourable).

The effect of processed Tempeh gembus to high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in women with obesity

Obesity causes chronic inflammatory reaction is characterized by elevated levels of high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hscrp). Hscrp and hdl could be used as an early marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Tempeh gembus contain fiber, unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, which can reduce the inflammatory reaction. This study determines the effect of processed Tempeh gembus on hsCRP and HDL in obese women. This study included in experimental studies with randomized post-test only control group design involving 40 obese women aged 20 – 50 years. Subjects were randomized into two groups: a control group was given a standard diet low in calories 30 calories/kg body weight, and the treatment group was given a standard diet low in calories 30 calories/kg body weight and Tempeh gembus for 28 days. hsCRP and HDL levels were measured before and after the intervention, food intake was measured by using a 3 x 24-hour recall and physical activity (IPAQ form). HsCRP levels were measured using the ELISA method, whereas HDL levels were measured using the CHOD-PAP method. Wilcoxon test (hsCRP levels) and paired t-test (HDL levels) used to test differeces before and after intervention each group. Mann Whitney test (hsCRP levels) and independent sample test (HDL levels) used to test differeces before and after intervention between groups. There are differences in hsCRP levels before and after the intervention in the control group (p = 0.00) and the treatment group (p = 0.00). There are differences in HDL levels before and after the intervention in the control group (p = 0.00) and the treatment group (p = 0.00). There are differences in the decrease hsCRP levels between the two groups (p = 0.00). There are differences in the increase in HDL levels between the two groups (p = 0.03). Tempeh gembus 150 grams/day can decrease hsCRP levels and increase HDL levels in women with obesity.

The study of biological effects of different geographical origin goji berries in rats with alimentary hypercholesterolemia

In the berries of L. barbarum (China) and L. chinense (Kazakhstan), the composition of monosaccharides, the content of vitamins (D, E, C), minerals (Mg, Ca, Se), phenolic compounds and steroid substances as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant activity was determined. Biological experiment lasted 186 days, it was carried out on Wistar rats, divided into intact (n=10) and experimental animals (n=48), in which alimentary hyperlipidemia was reproduced for 100 days (diet containing animal fats 5.0-19.0% and cholesterol 0.5-2.0%), further animals were divided in control rats with hyperlipidemia, consuming a standard diet (group 1) and experimental rats, which were supplemented for 86 days with L. barbarum (group 2) and L. chinense (group 3) in an amount of 20% of the diet carbohydrate component. On the 128th and 186th days of the experiment, rats' blood serum was analyzed for total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea, triacylglycerides, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde and the total antioxidant activity of blood serum was measured. L. chinense berries, which are characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds (20% higher than in L. barbarum berries), when administered to rats with alimentary hyperlipidemia on the 28th day, reduced the concentration of total cholesterol by 44.1% and low-density lipoproteins by 35.8% relative to control animals, on day 86 contributed to an increase in the concentration of high density lipoproteins to 79.6%. The effect of L. barbarum berries, characterized by an increase in high density lipoproteins in rat blood (by 62.3%), may be due to a higher content of vitamins C, E and selenium (35, 11 and 22% more than in L. chinense), the presence of phytosterols and phytostanols, in particular dodecanoic acid. The data obtained indicate a pronounced antioxidant effect of L. barbarum and L. chinense berries and the possibility of their use in the diet to correct lipid metabolism disorders.

Effects of Momordica Charantia Seed Extract on Dexamethasone-Induced Biochemical and Histological Abnormalities in Albino Rats

Introduction: Many preclinical studies and randomised trials in humans have documented the antidiabetic properties of bitter melon, Momordica charantia (M. charantia). Aim: To examine the effects of Momordica CharantiaSeed Extract (MCSE) in comparison to Pioglitazone on Dexamethasone-induced biochemical and histological abnormalities in Albino rats. Materials and Methods: An interventional study was conducted from October, 2015 to December, 2015, with 24 adult healthy Albino rats of Wistar strain, which were divided into four groups of six rats each. Group I (diabetic controls) received dexamethasone alone in a dose of 8 mg/kg intraperitoneally for six days to induce metabolic changes. Group II rats received MCSE 2.5g/kg six days before dexamethasone and six days during dexamethasone administration. Group III rats received pioglitazone 75 mg/kg orally six days before dexamethasone and six days during dexamethasone administration. Rats in Group IV did not receive any medication and was considered as normal control. Blood glucose levels and lipid profiles were measured. Liver weight, liver volume, and histopathological analysis were done. Data were analysed using an Independent t-test followed by ANOVA with Scheffe’s Post-Hoc Test. Statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05. Results: A significant decrease in the Fasting Blood Sugar and Postprandial Blood Sugar levels was observed in the MCSE and pioglitazone-treated groups as compared to the dexamethasone control group (p&lt;0.01). A significant decrease in the total cholesterol and triglycerides and an increase in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels was observed in MCSE and pioglitazone-treated groups as compared to the dexamethasone control group (p&lt;0.01). In the case of dexamethasone-induced diabetic model, both MCSE and pioglitazone significantly reduced hepatomegaly, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycaemia (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: MCSE has comparable efficacy to pioglitazone in the prevention of dexamethasone-induced hepatomegaly, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycaemia.

Effects of Dietary Fiber from Corn Husks on Hyperlipidemia prevention in Trans-fatty Acids fed Mice

To evaluate the effects of dietary fiber from corn husks on hyperlipidemia, the hyperlipidemia model of mice was induced by trans-fatty acids diet,and the mice were randomly divided into the blank control group, the high fat control group(TFA group) and the low, middle and high dose group (2.5,5.0,10.0 G / kg) of dietary fiber from corn husks. Except the blank control group, the mice were fed with high fat diet. The body mass, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein(LDL) and high density lipoprotein(HDL) were measured. The intake of trans-fatty acids resulted in a significant increase in the body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL(P&lt;0.01), HDL level was significantly lower(P&lt;0.01). Corn husks dietary fiber intervention can reduce the body weight of mice, the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL concentration and increase HDL concentration. The difference between the high-dose group and the TFA group was significant(P&lt;0.01), and the intervention effect was best in the group with high dose of corn husks dietary fiber. Corn husks dietary fiber can effectively reduce blood lipid in hyperlipidemia mode mice.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training Programme on Blood Cholesterol Profile in Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases among Young Adults

This study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training programme on blood cholesterol profile as cardiovascular disease risk factor among adolescents. The study employed the true experimental of pretest post test design with one experimental and control group. The population consisted of 745 students of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. The participants for the study were 32 students comprising 22 participants for the experimental and 10 for the control groups with equal number of male and female in each case. The instruments used for sample and data collection for the study were; stadiometer, vacutainer needles, plastic vacuum tubes, vacutainer holder, tourniquet, disinfection swabs, microspore tape, adhesive dressing, rubber gloves, lithium heparin bottles and spectrophotometer. The training programme consisted of graded activities lasting for 25-40 minutes, administered three times a week for 12 weeks. The blood samples collected were subjected to chemical analysis generated for the study. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and range and inferential statistics of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) was employed to determine how much effect the treatment had on the cholesterol profile of the students. Statistical analysis showed significant reduction of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteincholesterol, and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Aerobic exercise training programme had positive effects on total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the adolescents. It is therefore recommended that behavioural counseling will goal on way re-orientating the adolescents towards aerobic exercise training programme which will help in preventing cardio vascular diseases in adult population.

Structured Physical Activity can Increase High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Early research has proven that physically active people have higher HDL levels, and it is obtained by doing regular physical exercise in both men and women. One of the exercises that have an anti-CHD effect is an aerobic exercise. This study aims to identify the effect of structured physical activity on increasing HDL cholesterol. This research is pre-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. Interventions given were aerobic exercise conducted at least 150 minutes per week and monitored for three months. The population and sample were members of the R and K gymnastics studio in Central Jakarta, who were 18-60 years old. Samples were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data was collected by taking the respondent's blood serum and the HDL cholesterol levels examined by enzymatic methods in the laboratory, while the data analysis used paired t-test statistical tests. The results showed an increase in HDL cholesterol levels in 18 out of 25 respondents with the results of the paired t-test p=0.001. The conclution is structured physical activity has significant effect on increasing HDL cholesterol levels among gymnastics members.

Does chronic high-intensity endurance training have an effect on cardiovascular markers of active populations and athletes? Systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to ascertain the effects of high-intensity chronic endurance training on cardiovascular markers of active populations and athletes.MethodsThis review was conducted in accordance with the...

ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF [10]-GINGEROL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- AND HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: India is the “diabetes capital of the world” with 62.4 million Indians having type 2 diabetes in 2011. A major risk factor for insulin resistance is obesity, which is generally caused by regular physical inactivity and high-fat diet (HFD). Obesity and diabetes are closely related to each other as about 80% of diabetics are obese. Obesity is a common finding in type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of [10]-gingerol in streptozotocin (STZ)- and HFD-induced diabetic rats.&#x0D; Methods: Wistar rats were used for the study. Animals were divided into six groups. The six groups in this study were, Group I (normal control), Group II (diabetic control), Group III (glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg p.o.), Group IV (orlistat at 60 mg/kg p.o.), Group V ([10]-gingerol at 15 mg/kg p.o.), and Group VI [10]-gingerol (30 mg/kg p.o.), respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using blood glucose level, body weight, and various biochemical parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC) level, triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), total protein (TP), serum alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively.&#x0D; Results: [10]-gingerol exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, TP, and increase HDL. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment with [10]-gingerol significantly (p&lt;0.05) and dose dependently prevented STZ- and HFD-induced diabetic rats.&#x0D; Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that [10]-gingerol possesses potential antidiabetic activity as it lowers serum glucose level.

EFFECT OF RUSK CONTAINING SOME PLANT OILS ON HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RATS

Plant oils as sunflower, sesame and fenugreek oils has been successfully used in food technology. They have multi purpose for human health as safe and natural additives. Thus, this research was carried out to study the fatty acids composition of sunflower, sesame and fenugreek oils. Chemical composition and sensory evaluation of rusk containing these plant oils were studied. Also, Thirty-six male rats were divided into 6 groups to study the effect of feeding hypercholesterolemic rats, on rusk containing these plant oils, for six weeks on lipid profile, kidney functions, liver functions and histopathological examination of liver. The results showed that fenugreek oil had the highest total unsaturated fatty acids 86.19% followed by sesame and sunflower oils revealing 85.05% and 81.86%, respectively. Rusk product manufactured from studied oils at ratio 1:1:1 W:W:W (T3) had the highest content of moisture, crude protein, fat and ash. While, it had the lowest content of carbohydrate. Moreover, as a result of feeding hypercholesterolemic rats on rusk products fortified with plant oils caused a significant decrease inTriglyceride (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL/HDL ratio and a significant increase in High density lipoprotein (HDL) after 6 weeks of feeding compared to the positive control group. The results indicated that liver enzymes and kidney functions of hypercholesterolemic rats were improved significantly as a result of feeding on rusk products. So, the group feeding on rusk product fortified with mixture of sunflower, sesame and fenugreek oils at ratio 1:1:1 W:W:W (T3) had the lowest levels of all these parameters compared to the positive control group. It could be recommended that adding plant oils as sunflower, sesame, fenugreek oils at ratio 1:1:1 W:W:W during the manufacture of Egyptian bakery (rusk) product can improve the health and nutritional benefits of this product and also, have positive effects on hypercholesterolemia.

Maternal Genistein Intake Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of High-Fat Diet on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Adult Life of Male Mice.

Adverse early-life exposures program increased risk of chronic metabolic diseases in adulthood. However, the effects of genistein supplementation in early life on metabolic health in later life are largely unclear. Our objective was to investigate whether maternal genistein intake could mitigate the deleterious influence of a maternal high-fat diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in offspring and to explore the role of gut microbiota in mediating the transgenerational effects. C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet with genistein (0.6 g/kg diet) (HFG) or normal control diet (C) for 3 weeks before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The male offspring had ad libitum access to normal chow diet from weaning to 24 weeks of age. Then the content of inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and epididymal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were weighed. Glucose tolerance test (GTT), the level of serum insulin and lipid profiles were analyzed. The caecal contents were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that maternal genistein intake could significantly reduce blood glucose levels during GTT, fasting insulin levels, VAT mass and serum triglyceride levels as well as increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adult male offspring. Significant decrease of germs from the Tenericutes phylum and enrichment of Rikenella as well as SCFA (short-chain fatty acid)-producing bacteria, including Alloprevotella, Odoribacter, and Clostridium XlVa, in offspring of genistein fed dams might play crucial roles in the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism. Overall, early-life genistein intake attenuated the harmful effects of maternal HF on metabolism in adult offspring and the protective effects were associated with the alterations in gut microbiota, which provides new evidence and targets for mitigate the poor effects of adverse early-life exposures on metabolic health in later life.

Biochemical Effects of Piper Guineense (African Black Pepper) in Female Diabetics: Opportunities for Diabetes Treatment

Objectives: To investigate the biochemical effects of oral doses of Piper guineense (P. guineense) leaf extract on female diabetics using experimental animals.&#x0D; Methods: The animals, albino wistar rats, were divided into six groups (n=7). Animals in group 1 received water and feed only. Animals in groups 2 to 6 were induced with diabetes using alloxan. Methanolic leave extracts of P. Guineense were administered to groups 2 to 4 in 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weights representing low, medium and high doses respectively. Group 5 animals were treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of Glibenclamide (Antidiabetic drug) and group 6 animals were left untreated. All treatments were carried out orally and lasted for a period of 14 days. At the end of the 14 days, the animals were humanely sacrificed through cardiac puncture and the blood samples collected for the analyses of some liver and kidney function parameters using assay kits.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that the oral doses of methanolic leave extract of P. guineense had no negative alterations on the biochemical parameters analyzed namely, 1) Lipid profile (Triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein levels), 2) electrolytes profile (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, 3) Urea) and 4) Creatinine levels. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the urea levels of treated animals and marked but insignificant reduction in the total cholesterol level and increase in High Density Lipoprotein at P&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion and Implication for Translation: The reported antidiabetic P. guineense leaf extract caused no adverse biochemical changes in female diabetic rats. This implied that the extract may not distort the lipid and electrolyte profiles of female diabetics and could be pharmacologically safe in the management of female diabetics. It further implied that the Piper, Uziza, commonly taken after childbirth by nursing mothers in some tropical countries may maintain the lipid and electrolyte balance and consequently, prevent hypercholesterolemia and hypertension.&#x0D; Keywords: • Diabetes • Piper guineense • Lipids • Electrolytes • Methanolic extracts • Black pepper&#x0D; &#x0D; © 2019 Gordon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Effect of aerobic exercise on blood lipid and ICAM-1, LFA-1 in hyperlipidemia rats

Objective To observe aerobic exercise on blood lipid and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods 120 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into the 4 groups (n=30): normal diet group (control group), high fat group (HF group), HF+ SBC-115076 group [SBC-115076, 8 mg/kg·w)] and HF+ aerobic exercise group. Rats in HF group and HF+ SBC-115076 group did not exercise during feeding and lived in normal cage. Rats in HF+ SBC-115076 group recieved PCSK9 inhibitor SBC-115076 (8 mg/kg) injection once a week for 8 weeks. HF+ aerobic exercise group underwent load-free swimming training 6 days a week for 8 weeks. The rats were sacrificed 8 weeks later. The serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were measured by apical blood sampling. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of thoracic aorta to observe pathological changes of aorta. Results After modeling, there was no significant difference in the food intake levels of the hyperlipidemia rats (P>0.05). The body weight of HF rats and HF+ SBC-115076 rats increased significantly than HF+ aerobic exercise rats (P<0.01). The levels of serum lipid profile, ICAM-1, and LFA-1 were significantly different between HF rats and control rats. Compared with HF rats, serum levels of TG, TC, LDL, ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in HF+ SBC-115076 group and HF+ aerobic exercise group were significantly lower and HDL levels were significantly higher. HE staining showed that the intimal thickening was significantly improved in HF+ aerobic exercise group with less endothelial damage. Conclusions Aerobic exercise can reduce the levels of serum TG, TC, LDL and increase HDL level in rats with hyperlipidemia. It can improve the intimal thickening and endothelial damage caused by high-fat diet by reducing the expression levels of serum ICAM-1 and LFA-1, and has anti-atherosclerosis effect. Key words: Exercise; Hyperlipidemias; Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1; Rats

The Effect of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile of Diabetic Wistar Rats

Aims: This study investigated the effect of ethanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus (ESECL) on blood glucose level and lipid profile in Alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats.&#x0D; Study Design and Methodology: 30 male adult wistar rats were grouped randomly into six experimental groups of five rats each. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate, dissolved in normal saline, while the normal control group (group 1) was given the vehicle only. Three days after induction of diabetes, were treated further for four weeks with ESECL at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for groups 4, 5, and 6 respectively. Animals in Group 3 were treated with Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg), while group 2 served as the negative control group.&#x0D; Results: Administration of ESECL caused significant decrease in blood glucose levels in groups 4, 5 and 6 compared to rats of group 2 (p=0.00125). There was also significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol (TC) , triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), with increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in Groups 4, 5 and 6, compared to Group 2 rats (p=0.00125). The results obtained from the rats of the group receiving extract were similar to that obtained from Groups 3. Conclusion: Thus, this study suggests that this extract could possibly normalize abnormalities in blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in diabetic conditions in a dose dependent manner.

Strength Training Improves Metabolic Health Markers in Older Individual Regardless of Training Frequency.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of frequency, thereby increasing training volume, of resistance training on body composition, inflammation markers, lipid and glycemic profile in healthy older individuals (age range 65–75 year). Ninety-two healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups; performing strength training one- (EX1), two- (EX2), or three- (EX3) times-per-week and a non-training control (CON) group. Whole-body strength training was performed using 2–5 sets and 4–12 repetitions per exercise and 7–9 exercises per session. All training groups attended supervised resistance training for 6 months. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and fasting blood samples were taken pre- and post-training. There were significant main effects of time for total fat mass (F = 28.12, P < 0.001) and abdominal fat mass (F = 20.72, P < 0.001). Pre- to post-study, statistically significant reductions in fat mass (Δ = -1.3 ± 1.4 kg, P < 0.001, n = 26) were observed in EX3. Pre- to post-study reductions in low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (Δ = -0.38 ± 0.44 mmol⋅L-1, P = 0.003, n = 19) were observed only in EX3, whereas a significant pre- to post-study increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (0.14–0.19 mmol⋅L-1) were observed in all training groups. Most variables at baseline demonstrated a significant (negative) relationship when correlating baseline values with their change during the study including: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = -0.583, P < 0.001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = -0.471, P < 0.001, and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.402, P = 0.003). The present study suggests that having more than two resistance training sessions in a week could be of benefit in the management of body composition and lipid profile. Nevertheless, interestingly, and importantly, those individuals with a higher baseline in systolic blood pressure, IL-6 and hs-CRP derived greatest benefit from the resistance training intervention, regardless of how many times-a-week they trained. Finally, the present study found no evidence that higher training frequency would induce greater benefit regarding inflammation markers or glycemic profile in healthy older adults.

The Effects of Probiotics or Synbiotics Supplementation in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

We searched bibliographic databases from inception through May 2018 to evaluate the effect of probiotics (or synbiotics) supplementation in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Seven trials involving 236 women with PCOS and 235 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing with the control group, probiotics (or synbiotics) may improve Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.41, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.01 to 0.82, P = 0.04), decrease triglyceride (TG) level (mean difference (MD) - 17.51mg/dL, 95% CI - 29.65 to - 5.36); fasting insulin: (MD - 2.14μIU/mL, 95% CI - 4.24 to - 0.04), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (SMD 1.55mg/dL, 95% CI 0.28 to 2.81). No significant effect of probiotics (or synbiotics) on homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and anthropometric indices was found in women with PCOS. Although probiotic (or synbiotics) supplementation was effective on some metabolic indices, the effect was negligible and not clinically significant.