Increase Export Performance Research Articles

Technology orientation and export performance: the moderating role of supply chain agility

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between technology orientations and export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research design was adopted for this study. The paper formulates hypotheses from the literature review. These hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling with data collected from 231 SMEs in Uganda. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS.FindingsThe findings of this study showed technology orientation has a positive and significant relationship with the performance of Ugandan SMEs and that supply chain agility moderates technology orientation and export performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study discusses the findings, advances limitations and managerial implications. It also suggests future research avenues. It proposes some recommendations to help Ugandan SMEs to form flexible supply chains, use the latest technology and create strong relationship ties with their partners in the supply chain.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that managers of Ugandan SMEs should use the latest technology in production, marketing, logistics and supply chain management which will enable them to respond quickly to customer tastes and preferences leading to higher levels of export performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on strategic management showing the reliability of scales used and the confirmatory of the factor structure. This study shows that in strategic management technology, orientation is critical in increasing export performance. This study has extended the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theories.

Increased export performance and growth trajectory of African continent in general and Libya in specific with Asian Nations

Increased export performance and growth trajectory of African continent in general and Libya in specific with Asian Nations

From short to long term: Dynamic analysis of FDI and net export in global regions.

It is crucial to examine the impact between foreign direct investment (FDI) and net exports (NE) for unveiling international trade dynamics, and the economic development of different geographical regions. It yields sharp insights into how FDI inflows, driven by theories such as backward linkage, export platform, and knowledge transfer, enhance a host country's export capacity and contribute to economic growth. Moreover, studying the reciprocal linkages between FDI and NE helps recognise the aspects of domestic factors, such as productivity and the product life cycle, in attracting FDI and increasing export performance. Based on those theories, the study aims to ascertain the dynamic causality or correlation between FDI and NE across all regions with the utilisation of panel data gathered from 110 countries, considering the period from 2002 to 2020. The Wavelet coherence method is used to investigate the relationship between these variables across different frequencies and periods, followed by a Granger causality test. The findings demonstrated that FDI and NE have a significant relationship in most regions, with a bidirectional relationship between FDI and NE across all continents. The results could assist respective governments and policymakers in formulating policies related to FDI flows and offer insights into how a host country can attract more FDI and boost NE.

Social media adoption and export intensity: the moderating role of firm size

PurposeSocial media (SM) networks offer a golden opportunity for firms that particularly engage in international activities to set up sustainable customer relationships and improve competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of SM adoption on the export intensity (EI) of firms listed on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) for the years 2010–2020. The authors use social media index (SMI) to measure SM adoption and firm size (FSize) as a moderator on exploring the interaction of SM and EI.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 150 firms listed on the BIST Industrials Index, this study explores how the adoption of SM affects EI by using panel data analysis over the period of 2010–2020.FindingsThe results indicate that the SMI has a positive and significant effect on the EI. FSize positively moderates the interaction of SMI and EI, indicating that large firms benefit more from the SM in increasing export performance. The findings reflect high potential of EI improvement through adopting right SM policies in emerging markets.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample covers only public companies listed on the BIST Industrials Index. Future studies may extend the coverage and include multiple emerging markets to draw generalized results for the export-oriented firms. This research also analyzes solely four SM networks, i.e. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube. However, there are many other SM networks that firms use in online marketing in foreign markets. Finally, this research did not discuss the potential factors that could influence the use of SM in emerging market firms.Practical implicationsThis study denotes the significant role of SM adoption on the EI of firms in an emerging market setting from the perspective of resource-based view. It presents an insightful approach in understanding the mission played by SM networks in enhancing the EI of Turkish firms. Policymakers may use the findings to develop public support programs to promote the adoption and implementation of the SM among exporting firms in emerging markets.Originality/valueThe study provides evidence on the effects of SM adoption on the EI from the perspective of emerging countries. It also helps to gain a deeper understanding of how different SM platforms contribute to the internationalization of firms.

Analysis of Human Development Index, Government Expenditure, Exports and Imports on Economic Growth in ASEAN-5

This study aims to analyze the Human Development Index, Government Expenditure, Exports and Imports on Economic Growth in Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Using secondary data the period 2010-2021. The method used is the Quantitative method using Panel Data Regression. Results of panel data regression, export variable product has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. These results reveal that to increase economic growth, it is necessary to increase export performance. Increasing export performance can be done in various ways, one of which is by improving the export administration system, increasing research and product development, improving infrastructure facilities and infrastructure, exchange rate stability and expanding non-traditional markets

Export knowledge, export commitment and coffee export performance in Ethiopia

Export performance is the success or failure of a company in exporting locally produced goods or services to other countries. This study aimed to analyze the effect of export knowledge and export commitment on coffee export performance with the mediating role of product adaptation in Ethiopian coffee exporting companies. The study employed a quantitative research method, and data were collected from 273 sampled companies engaged in coffee exporting in the country. In addition, this study used a structured questionnaire to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and PLS-SEM version 3.2.8 to test the causal relationships between the constructs. The results revealed that factors such as export knowledge, export commitment, and product adaptation significantly influence the export performance of coffee companies in the country. Moreover, product adaptation also mediated the relationship between export knowledge, export commitment, and export performance. The study’s finding implies that sufficient export knowledge, export commitment, and adapting product can increase export performance. As a result, the research makes three main scientific contributions: first, it explains how export knowledge and export commitment are used to improve export performance. Second, it adds knowledge to the existing export performance literature by examining the mediating role of product adaptation. Third, it presents evidence from a less-studied developing country like Ethiopia. Finally, the study provided strategic recommendations based on empirical evidence. Accordingly, to improve coffee export performance, the management and other employees of a company can benefit from having adequate knowledge of export procedures and commitment to their duties and responsibilities. On top of that, coffee export companies must apply product adaptation strategies to meet their customers' needs.

Linking Competitive Intelligence, Learning Orientation and Export Performance of SMEs

The need to account for the direct and indirect influence of competitive intelligence and learning orientation on SMEs export performance given the poor export performance of SMEs in developing economies precipitated this study. This has become relevant in view of the need to ensure that SMEs remain an engine room for economic growth and development. Hence, we collected data from a sample set of 400 employees from SMEs that engage in export activities. Structural equation model (SEM) with the aid of AMOSv27, was used in analyzing the data. The study found that competitive intelligence affects export performance of SMEs. We also found that learning orientation has a positive link to SMEs’ export performance, and it mediates the relationship between competitive intelligence and export performance, though partially. Drawing insight from the resource-based view theory, we advanced competitive intelligence as a firm intangible resource that can affect export performance, even when channeled through learning orientation. Hence, manager’s ability to first gather and analyze reliable information about its firms’ readiness comparatively to that of their competitors and creating an enabling environment that supports information sharing and willingness to alter existing practices to replicate novel information from their competitive intelligence activities are fundamental in ensuring increased export performance.

The role of international networking to mediate internet technology capabilities and international entrepreneurship orientation to export performance

The purpose of this study is to explain the role of international networks in mediating the effect of internet technology capabilities and international entrepreneurship orientation on export performance. The population of this research is creative industry SMEs that have been exporting for at least the last 3 years in Bali. The size of the sample used was 170 managers of creative industry SMEs exporters with a purposive sampling method. The analytical technique used is Path Analysis using SEM-PLS. The results show that the internet technology capabilities have a positive and significant effect on export performance. International entrepreneurship orientation also has a positive and significant impact on export performance. Furthermore, the internet technology capabilities have a positive and significant impact on international networking; international entrepreneurship orientation also has a positive and significant impact on international networking; and international networking affects export performance. In addition, international networking is able to mediate the effect of internet technology capabilities and international entrepreneurship orientation on export performance. Therefore, it is important for SMEs of creative industry exporters in Bali to develop their internet technology capabilities and improve their international entrepreneurial orientation in order to be able to build wider international networks and have an impact on increasing export performance.

Revealed comparative advantages and trade balance indicators of trade structure of V4 countries

The paper aims to inspect trade structure and changes in comparative advantages of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia on the intra-EU28 market for the period 2009-2019. The categorisation of the products corresponds to the Statistical classification of products by activity (CPA). This paper exploits the modified index of revealed comparative advantages-the revealed symmetric comparative advantages (RSCA) and the trade balance index (TBI). Econometric models using the RSCA were applied for testing stability and specialisation trends of a country's trade. The results show that the Czech Republic and Hungary had the biggest changes in comparative advantages in 2009-2011, Poland and Slovakia in 2011-2015. The findings indicate space for increasing export performance and specialisation of these V4 countries on the intra-EU market in the short and long-run.

Management Commitment and Sustainable Coffee Export Performance, Evidence from Ethiopian Companies: The Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate social responsibility and managerial commitment are both essential to long-term commercial success. In this study, corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in Ethiopia’s coffee exporting enterprises are used as a mediating factor to assess the impact of management commitment on sustainable coffee export performance. This study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods and primary and secondary data sources obtained from the 236 sampled coffee exporting enterprises in Ethiopia. In addition, this study used a standardized questionnaire to collect data. To determine the causal link between management commitment, corporate social responsibility, and sustainable export performance, the obtained data were analyzed using PLS structural equation modeling version 3.2.8 and SPSS version 25. The outcome demonstrates that management commitment and corporate social responsibility have a favorable and considerable impact on companies’ performance in exporting sustainably grown coffee. Results also showed that the effect of management commitment on sustainable export performance was partially mediated by CSR. The survey also revealed that while most private enterprises have not yet begun CSR, certain coffee exporting companies, notably cooperative unions in Ethiopia, have integrated CSR practices into their operations to increase export performance. In order to help practitioners and decision-makers comprehend the advantages of management commitment and CSR in creating sustainable coffee export performance, this study offers strategic recommendations. In addition, the study has contributed to the existing literature.

Green merger and acquisition and export expansion: Evidence from China's polluting enterprises

Under the influence of international green trade barriers, export scale of China's heavily polluting enterprises is reduced. How to improve the export vitality and corporate image of polluting enterprises? Different from the existing studies, this paper focuses on green merger and acquisition (green M&A) of polluting enterprises which can quickly obtain clean enterprise resources, and compares the impact of different green M&A modes on export performance and export margin by refining the frequency, scale and geographical characteristics of green M&A. First, based on propensity score matching - double difference (PSM-DID) method, this paper finds that green M&A can increase export performance. The frequency and scale of green M&A are positively correlated with export performance. Geographic distance of green M&A enterprises is negatively correlated with export performance. Second, green M&A can increase export performance by promoting green innovation, government subsidies and bank financing capacity, and reduce export performance by increasing environmental governance costs. Third, by comparing different green M&A, this paper finds that horizontal green M&A can increase more exports than vertical green M&A. Forth, further compare the impact of green M&A on export binary margin, it is found that green M&A can promote export-expansion margin and has a U-shaped relationship on export-intensive margin. The conclusion is of great significance to improve export performance of polluting enterprises, and provides an empirical basis for adjusting green M&A strategy.

Determinants of Export Performance of Honey Industry in Ethiopia

The study was conducted to identify the determinants of export performance of honey industry in Ethiopia and to establish trends of the Ethiopian honey export volume and honey export value. Specifically, the study aimed to assess factors that determine the export performance of existing Ethiopian honey exporters, to identify the extent at which the determinants have an effect on performance of Ethiopian honey export industry, and to assess the trends of Ethiopian honey export in volume and value. In the study a descriptive and explanatory research designs were adopted and the sampling technique (non-probabilitypurposive sampling technique) was used to select sample of 96 sample size from 24 Ethiopian honey exporting firms. The data collection methods; primary and secondary methods were applied to collect the data. The analysis of the secondary data showed that the trends of the Ethiopian honey export volume and honey export value showed an average decline rate of 53% and 51.5% respectively during 2011-2020. The result of primary data indicate that domestic market price and application of agrochemicals on crops, and adulteration mixing honey with other products negatively affect honey export performance with (mean 4.30 and Std dev 0.645), and (mean = 4.43 and std dev =.597), and (mean= 4.48 and std dev= .525) negatively affect honey export performance. Honey marketing legal framework revealed mean value (mean = 4.43, std dev= .637), laboratory service (mean 4.36 and std dev = .636), storage and packaging materials with (mean = 4.33 and std dev= .633) by suppliers and producers, financial credit services (mean= 4.10 and Std dev = .640), and supply of honey (mean= 4.31 and mean= .675) positively affect honey export performance in Ethiopia. The study recommends Ethiopia to have mandatory honey standard, technical supervision and follow up must be strong to reduce adulteration of honey and enhance quality as it is the major criteria of export standard, establishment of new policies on application of agrochemical crops and pesticides, creating suitable condition to produce honey storage and packaging materials in the country, increase production volume to stabilize domestic market price and increase export performance. Keywords: Ethiopia: Export Performance: Market: Honey Export Volume: Honey Export Value

Determinants of Export Performance of Honey Industries in Ethiopia

The study was conducted to identify the determinants of export performance of honey industries in Ethiopia and to establish trends of the Ethiopian honey export volume and honey export value. Specifically, the study aimed to assess factors that determine the export performance of existing Ethiopian honey exporters, to identify the extent at which the determinants have an effect on performance of Ethiopian honey export industry, and to assess the trends of Ethiopian honey export in volume and value. In the study a descriptive and explanatory research designs were adopted and the sampling technique (non-probability- purposive sampling technique) was used to select sample of 96 sample size from 24 Ethiopian honey exporting firms. The data collection methods; questionnaire and descriptive data analysis methods were applied to collect the data. The analysis of the secondary data showed that the trends of the Ethiopian honey export volume and honey export value showed an average decline rate of 53% and 51.5% respectively during 2011-2020. The study recommends Ethiopia to have mandatory honey standard, technical supervision and follow up must be strong to reduce adulteration of honey and enhance quality as it is the major criteria of export standard, establishment of new policies on application of agrochemical crops and pesticides, creating suitable condition to produce honey storage and packaging materials in the country, increase production volume to stabilize domestic market price and increase export performance.

Effects of innovation strategies on export performance: New empirical evidence from developing market firms

Scholars are increasingly emphasizing the importance of investing in a broad innovation strategy when pursuing competitive advantage and growth in foreign markets. However, the majority of existing studies focus mainly on developed economies with high shares of innovative firms. What remains largely underexplored is the heterogeneous impacts of innovation types on SMEs' performances, especially in developing countries. We fill this research gap by using firm-level data from the lower-middle income country of Nigeria. We empirically explore the individual and joint impacts of technological and non-technological innovations on the export performance of SMEs. First, we find that product innovation has a negative impact, whereas process innovation leads to increased export performance. We also find that marketing innovation has a positive effect on export performance. Besides, the joint effects of product, process, and marketing innovations are significant, albeit with heterogeneous impacts on the export performance. Furthermore, we find that the innovation-export performance relationship is influenced by external innovation collaborations. The findings have implications for an efficient design of public policy instruments that aim to promote firm innovation in developing countries.

The Impact of Subsidiary Entrepreneurial Initiative in MNEs on Export Performance in China: The Mediating Effect of Environmental Flexibility and Cultural Sensitivity

Purpose - Subsidiary entrepreneurial initiatives (SEI) to overcome the challenges where the emerging market is rapidly changing is urgent. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between SEI together with environmental flexibility in coping with the host countries’ environment, and also cultural sensitivity as these are vital factors for multinational subsidiaries which entered China in increasing their export performance. Design/methodology/approach - This study examines the mediating effects of environmental flexibility and cultural sensitivity on the relationship between SEI and export performance. After obtaining data samples from KOTRA of Korean multinational subsidiaries entered China, we verified this study’s research model using PLS-SEM and came up with 167 valid samples. Findings - First, SEI of multinational enterprises (MNEs) had a positive impact on export performance. Second, SEI of MNEs had a positive impact on environmental flexibility while environmental flexibility did not have a positive impact on export performance. Third, SEI of MNEs had a positive influence on cultural sensitivity and cultural sensitivity in turn had a positive effect on export performance. Research implications or Originality - Our findings suggested that Korean companies should recognize cultural sensitivity as a key factor in the Chinese market as well as SEI in order to increase export performance. By examining the mediating effects of environmental flexibility and cultural sensitivity, this study expanded the relationship between SEI and export performance compared to existing literature by focusing on the segmented market.

THE ROLE OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITY IN IMPROVING EXPORT COMPANIES’ COMPETITIVENESS AND PERFORMANCE

ABSTRACT Business competition at the international level is an important issue for companies, this is due to various different motives. This study aimed to identify and analyze the level of influence of dynamic capabilities on competitiveness and export performance. This research was conducted on export companies in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The population in this study were the managers of each company, the sampling technique with sampling census so that the entire population was also a research sample. The main data collection was done by distributing questionnaires to the respondents. Secondary data in the form of export performance reports and other reports from BPS, the Department of Industry and Trade of the South Sulawesi Provincial Government, and PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV (Persero). The analysis technique in this study deployed the Structural Equation Model. The results of the study shown that increasing dynamic capability had a positive and significant effect on increasing competitiveness in export companies, thus all dimensions in dynamic capability had a strategic contribution to the variable competitiveness. Competitiveness variables had a positive and significant effect on export performance in South Sulawesi. Increasing the competitiveness of export companies had an impact on increasing export performance. Dynamic capability variables had no significant effect on export performance. The originality in this study is the application of export performance models that establish dynamic capabilities as external factors, and then explain the role of dynamic capabilities on export performance through competitiveness. For practitioners, dynamic capability is an external factor which is very important in influencing competitiveness. Therefore export companies should be focus and maximize the role of dynamic capability as a macro factor that encourages increased export performance. Keywords: Dynamic Capability, competitiveness, performance, export, and strategy

Addressing the Drivers of Carbon Emissions Embodied in Indian Exports: An Index Decomposition Analysis

This study identifies the determinants that have an observable impact over the change in carbon dioxide emissions embodied in the production of Indian exports by adopting an index decomposition analysis to address the contribution from four mutually non-exclusive factors which arise due to India’s increasing export performance during the 1995–2009 period on the change in total emissions embodied in exports. These four factors are scale effect, composition effect, emission regulation effect and production efficiency effect. The idea of bringing the last two effects is to capture the impact from technology factor due to international trade. This study found an increased emission embodiment in exports of 234.24 mega-tonnes by using input–output modelling with ‘emissions embodied in bilateral trade’ approach and then applies the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index-I (LMDI-I)-based additive and multiplicative formulae following Ang and Zhang (2000) and Ang (2004) to conduct the decomposition exercise. This study finds the scale effect as the largest contributing factor increasing the emission levels by more than 184 per cent of the original increase, while the other three effects creating dampening impact over this scale-driven increase. Emission regulation effects created the maximum cleaning-up impact, especially during the 2002–2009 phase. JEL Codes: C67, F64, Q43, Q48, Q56

Re-visiting the Drivers for Increasing External Debt

This paper investigates the drives for increasing external debt in an open economy Nigeria over the period 1970 to 2017 using general to specific approach (GETS) approach (Hendry, 1995). The Johansen cointegration test confirms that variables have long run relationship. The empirical results for both long run and short run estimates indicate oil price, domestic savings and fiscal deficits play a significant role in increasing external debt in Nigeria. The study also found evidence that the dummy variables for exchange rate and debt relief also accelerate the growth of external. This finding indicates that, after the multilateral debt relief between 2005 and 2006, fresh loans are still coming to Nigeria. To this end, Nigeria should focus on investment in real sectors especially in agriculture and manufacturing to increase export performance. This would enable the country to generate adequate foreign earnings and stimulate domestic savings, and reduce reliance on oil revenue.

Export Performance in SMEs: The Importance of External Knowledge Search Strategies and Absorptive Capacity

External knowledge search strategies are considered essential for increasing export performance, a crucial goal for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a globalised and turbulent environment. SMEs are known to have limited resources, which leads them to choose the export strategy as the best alternative for entering foreign markets. The present study analyses the link between industrial and non-industrial knowledge search strategies and export performance, taking into account absorptive capacity (AC) as a mediating variable. Results from a sample of 222 Spanish exporting SMEs reveal that orientation to collaborate with industrial partners contributes to firms’ AC and export performance. Moreover, AC is found to have a full mediating role between orientation to collaborate with industrial partners and export performance. The study makes a novel contribution by applying organisational learning theory to explain how both the strategies firms adopt to access external knowledge and their absorptive capacity affect their export performance.

Explaining Organizational Export Performance by Single and Combined International Business Competencies

This study explores relationships between export performance and international business competencies (international orientation, export market orientation and international entrepreneurial orientation), and interactions between the competencies. Data from on‐site structured interviews with 159 owners and managers of exporting firms from different economic sectors show direct relationships between the competencies and export performance. However, analyses of the effects of interactions between the competencies and export performance show mixed results. The findings suggest developing the identified competencies to increase export performance, but if this would be exclusively based on the direct relationships between the competencies and export performance, results may be suboptimal.