Incorrect Placement Research Articles

A Case of Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema and Systematic Review of Literature in Management Approach

Background: Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a rare pathology characterized by the abnormal and harmful presence of air in the interstitial tissues of the lung. This condition is often related to barotrauma caused by mechanical ventilation, but it can be exceptionally seen in healthy infants. The main causes of PIE are respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), mechanical ventilation or positive pressure ventilation, prematurity, meconium aspiration syndrome, pulmonary infection, amniotic fluid aspiration, and incorrect endotracheal tube placement. To date, there is no standard treatment for PIE, based on the clinical and localization of PIE conservative and non-- conservative therapies are described. Methods: We describe a case of a very premature infant with severe respiratory failure secondary to RDS and unilateral left sided PIE with lung herniation treated with conservative therapy like selective intubation, steroid therapy, lateral position, and lastly, oxygen supplementation without ventilatory assistance. Furthermore, we have carried out a systematic literature review for the past 15 years (2007-2022). A systematic review, using an evidence-based algorithmic approach, was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Our search, after the selection, produced a total of 24 articles, which were revised. Conclusion: In our case oxygen supplementation without ventilatory assistance resulted in successful resolution of the left PIE. Discontinuation of ventilatory care played a crucial role. Considering the management reported in literature, our aim is to perform a systematic literature review by adding our experience to the available knowledge on therapy for unilateral PIE.

Comparison of supervised algorithms for automated data analysis in existing buildings

Non-residential buildings are equipped with building automation systems (BAS). BAS provide a vast amount of building operation data. However, the analysis of this data is laborious and requires a scalable and automated process. The authors developed the BUDO schema for a standardized, object-oriented description of monitoring metadata. The translation process employs artificial intelligence to translate the properties of data streams (labels, time series) from BAS into the BUDO schema. The translated data is then analyzed using various applications to detect inefficiencies, such as incorrect placement of outdoor temperature sensors or a weekend shutdown that has not been properly implemented. The paper presents a process that automatically translates, structures and analyzes operational data to identify potential for energy savings. The OOM4ABDO project monitors 138 buildings to analyze and improve building operations, whose subset of data we are using here. In addition, we use an open source data set of about 70 buildings. We compare several feature extraction methods and classifiers on their ability to support each of the stages (label translation, time series translation, application). The algorithms used reach F1 scores of up to 98% for label translation, 90% for time series translation and 92% for applications.

Field Observations and Damage Evaluation in Reinforced Concrete Buildings After the February 6th, 2023, Kahramanmaraş–Türkiye Earthquakes

On February 6, 2023, two major earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) occurred in the province of Kahramanmaraş in southern Türkiye at 9-h intervals, causing a lot of loss of life and destruction in the region where approximately 16% of the country’s population lives. This study provides a comprehensive summary of common structural deficiencies that occurred in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in earthquake-prone cities and proposes actionable measures systematically for future disasters. The evaluated data are based on the field observations of the authors. The main reasons for damages in RC buildings in the observation field can be classified into two categories: (1) the errors during the design stage (strong beam–weak column, short column, soft story, pounding effects, the existence of short and unconfined lap splices, insufficient transverse reinforcement, column–beam connection failures), and (2) the errors during the construction stage (poor concrete quality, unribbed reinforcing steel bar and corrosion, incorrect placement of reinforcement bars, incorrect end hook angle and length, weak gable walls, workmanship defects). Furthermore, a comparative nonlinear finite element analysis of the seismic impacts caused by the first earthquake on an existing RC building fully collapsed in the earthquake was conducted as a case study considering Türkiye Building Earthquake Code 2018 [TBEC 2018] “Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği,” Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara (in Turkish)]. The validity and accuracy of the reasons for damages, which were reached by the field observations, were also proven by numerical analysis results. The importance of complying with the regulations, conducting the performance evaluations and controls of the buildings according to the renewed earthquake regulations and, if necessary, repairing–strengthening works were emphasized. The loss of life and property after the earthquakes that we experienced on February 6, 2023, which were called the “Disaster of the Century”, showed that Türkiye’s current building stock, especially those built before a certain date, is insufficient against earthquakes.

Accurate detection of weld seams for laser welding in real‐world manufacturing

AbstractWelding is a fabrication process used to join or fuse two mechanical parts. Modern welding machines have automated lasers that follow a predefined weld seam path between the two parts to create a bond. Previous efforts have used simple computer vision edge detectors to automatically detect the weld seam on an image at the junction of two metals to be welded. However, these systems lack reliability and accuracy resulting in manual human verification of the detected edges. This paper presents a neural network architecture that automatically detects the weld seam edge between two metals with high accuracy. We augment this system with a preclassifier that filters out anomalous workpieces (e.g., incorrect placement). Finally, we justify our design choices by evaluating against several existing deep network pipelines as well as proof through real‐world use. We also describe in detail the process of deploying the system in a real‐world shop floor including evaluation and monitoring. We make public a large well‐labeled laser seam dataset to perform deep learning‐based edge detection in industrial settings.

Cherenkov and Plan Integration for Real-Time Delivery Verification: The Opportunity for Automated Visualization and Guidance of All Treatments in EBRT

Initiatives in the national radiation oncology incident learning system (RO-ILS) have been exceptionally useful in discovery of factors that lead to incidents and learning of best practices that can help make the national practice of RO safer as a whole. Incident learning systems come from the flight industry, where both visual cues and instrument control are essential parts of implementation, and similarly both human and instrument tools are used in RO. However, numerous RO studies have reported that human factors are a leading cause of incidents discovered and that timelines, such as QA, setup, delivery, and verification are areas where most incidents are found. Tools such as Cherenkov imaging and SGRT can be used to automate many of the riskiest human decisions and/or providing both human vision and instrument-guided oversight in these areas of treatment delivery process. The value of continuous online imaging is reviewed and the two parts have been tested towards complete automation. The conceptual framework of comparing images to the patient treatment plan is outlined with software examples. Development towards a combined SGRT & Cherenkov imaging system that could achieve fully automated incident detection is outlined. Cherenkov imaging has shown direct visualization of many instances of beam delivery to patients that were sub-optimal. These are seen mostly in isolated cases of normal tissue in the beam where it was not expected, such as limbs, chin, contralateral breast or axilla. Incorrect placement of bolus is also readily visualized. Comparisons can be made on a day-to-day basis, but also on a delivery to plan basis if the plan was incorporated into the treatment delivery process. Analysis of the incidents seen indicates that there are automatable metrics of image quality that could have detected them. Overall, if the system detection of variations were fully automated, these could be detected without human intervention. The capabilities for reducing nearly all human error in setup and delivery are available or emerging, and Cherenkov imaging is perhaps one of the most direct ways to capture and computationally analyze the treatment in real time. These tools require further integration with automated analysis and plan integration, but the initial steps are well underway and individual parts are now possible with advances in R&D of the system integration.

Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation improves depressive-like behaviors through BDNF-mediated alterations in brain functional connectivity of dopaminergic pathway

Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common psychiatric condition, adversely affects patients’ moods and quality of life. Despite the development of various treatments, many patients with MDD remain vulnerable and inadequately controlled. Since anhedonia is a feature of depression and there is evidence of leading to metabolic disorder, deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) might be promising in modulating the dopaminergic pathway. To determine whether NAc-DBS alters glucose metabolism via mitochondrial alteration and neurogenesis and whether these changes increase neural plasticity that improves behavioral functions in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model. The Lab-designed MR-compatible neural probes were implanted in the bilateral NAc of C57BL/6 mice with and without CSDS, followed by DBS or sham stimulation. All animals underwent open-field and sucrose preference testing, and brain resting-state functional MRI analysis. Meanwhile, we checked the placement of neural probes in each mouse by T2 images. By confirming the placement location, mice with incorrect probe placement (the negative control group) showed no significant therapeutic effects in behavioral performance and functional connectivity (FC) after receiving electrical stimulation and were excluded from further analysis. Western blotting, seahorse metabolic analysis, and electron microscopy were further applied for the investigation of NAc-DBS. We found NAc-DBS restored emotional deficits in CSDS-subjected mice. Concurrent with behavioral amelioration, the CSDS DBS-on group exhibited enhanced FC in the dopaminergic pathway with increased expression of BDNF- and NeuN-positive cells increased dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptors, and TH in the medial prefrontal cortex, NAc, ventral hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, and amygdala. Increased pAMPK/total AMPK and PGC-1α levels, functions of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis were also observed after NAc-DBS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that NAc-DBS can promote BDNF expression, which alters FC and metabolic profile in the dopaminergic pathway, suggesting a potential strategy for ameliorating emotional processes in individuals with MDD.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt with the valve placed on the chest wall using a fixation technique that uses titanium screws for securing the reservoir to the cranium

BackgroundThe adjustable shunt valves of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) produce magnetic artifacts, which could disturb magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and should therefore be placed on the chest wall. However, some significant complications, including ventricular catheter migration, disconnection, and rupture, should be considered. This study proposed a novel method for VPS placement with the valve placed on the chest wall using a fixation technique that uses titanium screws for securing the reservoir to the cranium. MethodsAfter a right-angled ventricular catheter with reservoir was inserted into the lateral ventricle, a 4-mm self-tapping titanium screw was inserted directly through the collars of the reservoir to fix it to the cranium. Adjustable shunt valves were implanted in the infraclavicular fossa of the chest wall. The connection site between the valve and tube was fastened using 3–0 nonabsorbable braided nylon surgical sutures. ResultsIn this study, following VPS placement in 83 patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus, the review of all postprocedural images showed that of the 83 patients, four patients (4.8%) had catheter placement complications: two patients (2.4%) had incorrect placement of the ventricular catheter and two patients (2.4%) had subcutaneous migration of the abdominal catheter. None of the patients complained of ventricular catheter migration, disconnection, or rupture. ConclusionIn adult patients, placing the VPS valve in the chest and fixing the proximal catheter to the cranium using surgical screws can be an effective way to avoid MRI artifacts and to counteract mechanical failure due to the dislodgment of the proximal catheter.

Accurate Detection of Weld Seams for Laser Welding in Real-World Manufacturing

Welding is a fabrication process used to join or fuse two mechanical parts. Modern welding machines have automated lasers that follow a pre-defined weld seam path between the two parts to create a bond. Previous efforts have used simple computer vision edge detectors to automatically detect the weld seam edge on an image at the junction of two metals to be welded. However, these systems lack reliability and accuracy resulting in manual human verification of the detected edges. This paper presents a neural network architecture that automatically detects the weld seam edge between two metals with high accuracy. We augment this system with a pre-classifier that filters out anomalous workpieces (e.g., incorrect placement). Finally, we justify our design choices by evaluating against several existing deep network pipelines as well as proof through real-world use. We also describe in detail the process of deploying this system in a real-world shop floor including evaluation and monitoring. We make public a large, well-labeled laser seam dataset to perform deep learning-based edge detection in industrial settings.

ANALISA PENYELESAIAN MASALAH DAN PERBAIKAN ALAT PATIENT MONITOR DI RSUP H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN

Research on patient monitor tools has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the problem of repairing the patient monitor tool. Corrective maintenance is maintenance action taken to overcome damage or congestion that occurs repeatedly, then take corrective action on the tool. Patient monitor is a tool that is used to monitor the patient's physiological condition. The purpose of this study is Troubleshooting (damage) patient monitor tools. Improvements to the patient monitor tool with the results of the study found that troubleshooting was seen through the results of less accurate blood pressure calculations so that it affected the diagnosis process in NIBP (Non Invasive Blood Pressure), Spo2 (Oxygen Pressure Saturation) patients. Incorrect reading of SpO2 results can be affected by sensor damage which when diagnosing patients, Ecg (Electrocardiograph) affects the results of diagnostics made by the instrument on patients, Misdiagnosis can occur due to incorrect placement of electrodes/tappers, damaged electrodes, Temperature (temperature) on the temperature sensor, namely damage to the temperature connector cable and the occurrence of undetected temperature results on the patient monitor tool. The research is that the patient monitor has been functioning properly after checking and repairing. Maintenance of the patient monitor must be routine and scheduled to prevent damage so that the age of use of tools and accessories is longer. Testing and calibration of patient monitor tools, especially on patient monitor parameters, must carry out routine checks on patient monitors, especially patient monitor accessories.

Investigation of Stent Prototypes for the Eustachian Tube in Human Donor Bodies.

Chronic otitis media is often connected to Eustachian tube dysfunction. As successful treatment cannot be guaranteed with the currently available options, the aim is to develop a stent for the Eustachian tube (ET). Over the course of this development, different prototypes were generated and tested in ex vivo experiments. Four different prototypes of an ET stent and one commercially available coronary stent were implanted in the ET of seven human donor bodies. The position of the stents was verified by cone beam CT. The implanted ETs were harvested, embedded in resin and ground at 200 µm steps. Resulting images of the single steps were used to generate 3D models. The 3D models were then evaluated regarding position of the stent in the ET, its diameters, amount of squeezing, orientation of the axes and other parameters. Virtual reconstruction of the implanted ET was successful in all cases and revealed one incorrect stent placement. The cross-section increased for all metal stents in direction from the isthmus towards the pharyngeal orifice of the ET. Depending on the individual design of the metal stents (open or closed design), the shape varied also between different positions along a single stent. In contrast, the cross-section area and shape remained constant along the polymeric prototype. With the current investigation, insight into the behavior of different prototypes of ET stents was gained, which can help in defining the specifications for the intended ET stent.

The Relationship between the Implementation of Urine Foley Catheter Installation and the Occurrence of Urinary Tract Infections in Inpatients at Efarina Etaham Berastagi Hospital, Karo Regency

Infection channel urinary tract (UTI) is infection caused by developing breed microorganisms inside channel urine, though consists from various liquids, salts and products waste, usually urine is not contain bacteria, viruses or microorganisms other. If bacteria going to biological urine or kidney and develop breed in the urine, it happens infection channel bladder (UTI). Design study This is descriptive with Cross sectional approach. Total sample obtained is 50 people. Done data analysis with using the chi-square test know connection implementation Foley catheter insertion with happening infection channel urinary. Result study is known as many as 25 of 31 people (80%) patients take care stay with proper placement of a foley urinary catheter No happen infection channel urinary tract, whereas 6 of 31 (20%) patients take care stay with proper placement of a foley urinary catheter experience infection channel urine. As many as 7 of 19 people (36%) patients take care stay with Incorrect placement of a foley urinary catheter Good No happen infection channel urinary tract, while 12 of 19 (64%) patients take care stay with Incorrect placement of a foley urinary catheter good experience infection channel urinary. Result analysis statistics show There is Connection Implementation Urine Foley Catheter Installation with Happening Infection Channel Urinary (p = 0.002). and OR value = 7.143.

Normal operation and reverse action of on-load tap changing transformer with its effect on voltage stability

As electrical grids have expanded significantly, so too has the load on network buses. This, however, causes voltage drops to occur at the load side of the grid. A voltage drop causes a system to become unstable, increases its power loss, and reduces the amount of power that it transfers before finally leading to a collapse. An on-load tap changing (OLTC) transformer can be used to prevent the negative effects of an increased load by restoring the load voltage to its base value when sudden disturbances occur in the source. However, incorrect OLTC placement can cause the system to become unstable and cause collapse. This is referred to as the reverse action phenomenon of an OLTC. Therefore, this present study examined improving the ability of an OLTC to increase system stability and prevent collapse. A simple radial power distribution system was modelled in MATLAB. The results indicate that the proposed model can increase system stability and prevent collapse.

AN ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL ERROR IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT AT THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 04 KOTABUMI ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022

This research is about error analysis of grammatical error in writing narrative text at the eight grade students of junior high school 04 Kotabumi academic year 2021/2022. The objectives of this research were to investigate about the types of students error found in writing narrative text and to investigate the most dominant error found of students' in writing narrative text at the eight grade students of junior high school 04 Kotabumi. The instrument of the research was test data. The research methodology was descriptive qualitative. The subjects of the study were the eight grade students of SMPN 04 Kotabumi. The data were collected from students narrative writing, and interview. The result of this research showed that there are four types of errors that occur; they are error of ommission, error of addition, error of misformation and error of misordering. From the data analysis the researcher found that the most dominant error that is error of misformation with total 116 errors. Error of misformation relates to the use of the wrong form of the morpheme or structure. This was because of the students' lack of knowledge in grammatical writing skill. Error of omission relates to the absence of an item that must appear in a well-formed utterance. Error of addition relates to the presence of an item that must not appear in well-formed utterances. Error of misordering relates to the incorrect placement of a morpheme or group of morphemes in an utterance. Therefore, this present study suggests that the English teachers will often make correction and provide further explanation and also feedback on students' grammatical error during the learning process.

Explaining of the experts' points of view about the types and importance of man-made hazards in Iran’s process industries: A qualitative study

IntroductionProcess industries may have different hazards that can cause serious injury to humans, the environment, and the economy. Considering the importance of man-made risks in process industries, Experts' Points of View should be considered to apply risk reduction strategies Hence, the present study was performed to explain the views of experts regarding the types and importance of man-made hazards in process industries. Materials and methodsThis study was conducted using a qualitative method of directed content analysis with a deductive approach. The participants included 22 experts in the field of process industries. The selection of samples started purposeful and continued until data saturation. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. ResultsBased on experts' points of view, 5 man-made hazards in process industries were classified into 14 subcategories. The man category was divided into three subcategories: human error, technical knowledge error, and management error, the Material category was divided into 3 sub-categories of leakage and rupture, chemical properties, physical properties, Medium category was divided into two sub-categories of incorrect location selection and placement and harmful environmental factors, Machines category was divided into three sub-categories of failure in design, failure in Preventive Maintenance (PM), failure in Safety Instrumented System (SIS), and the Methods category was classified into three sub-categories: defects in inspection, defects in information, defects in executive instructions. ConclusionTechnical training to reduce personnel errors, conducting risk-based inspections to control leaks and possible ruptures, careful design and site selection in the initial phase of the project, is recommended. The use of engineering methods and artificial intelligence to obtain the risk number and control methods to reduce the harmful effects of risks can be helpful.

Frequency of Periapical and Bitewing Radiographic Errors in Faculty of Dentistry Shahid Sadoughi University of Yazd during 2016-2017

Introduction: Reduction the error intraoral radiographic image is very important for accurate diagnosis of dental diseases and reduces the patient and clinician dose. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intraoral radiographic errors made by students of Shahid Sadoughi Faculty of Dentistry in Yazd City. Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 1900 samples of periapical radiographs were taken using digital periapical bisect angle method and bite-wing radiographs were evaluated. Patients referred to Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Yazd Dental School in 2018-2019 were evaluated by simple sampling method. During 4 months, the researcher examined 25 radiographic images for cone cut errors, horizontal and vertical angles, and incorrect film placement. Also, if the radiography was repeated, the number and reason were also recorded. The recorded data were entered into SPSS version 16 software and the prevalence of each error was reported. Results: The errors in this study included incorrect film placement (32.4%), incorrect horizontal angle (28.2%), incorrect vertical angle (24.6%), cone cut (23.9%) and radiographic repetition rate (33%). In periapical radiograph, the frequency of errors was observed in maxilla (54.6%), mandible (45.4%), anterior (22.5%) and posterior (77.5%). The frequency of errors in bite-wing radiograph was estimated to be lower than periapical. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in the study population, the most common error included incorrect placement and wrong horizontal angle, which were led to the most repeated radiographs and observed mostly posterior of maxilla, which emphasizes the need for further training to correct the errors.

The Ability of Paramedics to Accurately Locate Correct Anatomical Sites for Intraosseous Needle Insertion.

Introduction Intraosseous (IO) access is an alternative to peripheral intravenous access, in which a needle is inserted through the cortical bone into the medullary spaceusing either a manual driver or an electric drill. Although studies report high success rates of IO access, failures are often attributed to incorrect site placement due tofailure to adhere to anatomical landmarks. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of paramedics to locatethe correct anatomic location for IO needle insertion. Methods Participants were paramedics who were recruited at Pennsylvania's annual statewide Emergency Medical Services (EMS) conference. After completinga demographics survey which included information about their training and practice environment, they were asked to identify which IO sites were permitted for IO placement using the EZ IO® drill and to place a sticker at those locations on a human volunteer. A transfer sheet was utilized, and the distance between the participants' sticker and the location as marked by a physician board-certified in both Emergency Medicine and Emergency Medical Services was recorded. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were calculated from the records. Results Of 30 paramedics who participated in the study, 25 (83%) had been in practice for more than five years (range: 1-37 years), 13 (46%) reported running more than 20 calls per week, and 23 (79%) reported that they only or mostly provide 9-1-1 EMS response. Ten (36%) participants were currently certified in PHTLS, and 16 (57%) had previously been PHTLS certified. All participants reported having been trained in IO insertion. Seventeen (57%) reported having utilized an IO ≤10 times in the field, and 13 (43%) reported >10 field IO insertions. When asked to identify appropriate IO insertion sites for the EZ IO drill, 26 paramedics (90%) correctly identified both the proximal humerus and proximal tibia. The average distance from the landmark for the humeral insertion site was 5.06 cm, with a statistically significant difference in the means for those who didand did not rotate the arm internally before identifying the humeral IO insertion site (p < .01). The average distance from the landmark at the tibial insertion site was 4.13 cm. Conclusion Although a high percentage of paramedics were able to verbally identify the correct location for IO placement, fewer were able to locate the insertion site on a human volunteer. Our results suggest a need for hands-on refresher training to maintain competency at IO insertion, as it is a rarely utilized procedure in the field.

Diagnostic Value of Epigastric Ultrasound and Suprasternal Notch Ultrasound in Comparison with Standard Capnography in Confirmation of Endotracheal Tube Placement after Intubation.

Endotracheal intubation is the basic method of providing a safe cross-sectional airway area and the incorrect placement can be dangerous and causes complications. So this study aimed to access the diagnostic value of color Doppler epigastric ultrasound and linear probe suprasternal notch ultrasound in comparison with standard capnography in confirmation of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement after intubation. This diagnostic value study was conducted on 104 patients requiring intubation who were referred to the Emergency Department. After the intubation, color Doppler epigastric ultrasound and suprasternal notch ultrasound as well as the standard capnography were used to confirm the placement ETT. The sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler epigastric ultrasound were 97.96% and 100%, for suprasternal notch ultrasound were 98.98% and 66.67%, and for combination of the both methods were 96.94% and 100% respectively that showed the significant diagnostic value in the confirmation of ETT placement (P < 0.001). The mean of elapsed time to confirm the ETT placement by the standard capnography method (17.95 ± 2.45 s) was significantly more than the two methods of epigastric ultrasound (10.38 ± 4.65 s) and suprasternal notch ultrasound (5.08 ± 4.45 s) as well as the combined method with the mean of 15.46 ± 8.31 s (P < 0.001). The results of this study showed that although ultrasound is a potentially accurate, fast, and reliable method to confirm the endotracheal tube placement, but suprasternal notch ultrasound is considered to be a more appropriate diagnostic technique due to its higher sensitivity and less detection time compared to epigastric ultrasound and combined method.

Experience of using rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and botulinotherapy in individual motor recovery programs in patients with spastic paresis of the lower limb

Walking disorder is one of the most frequent consequences of stroke and traumatic brain injury, occurring in 80% of cases. Spastic paresis of the muscles of the lower extremity is the cause formed in 20-40% of patients within a few weeks after brain damage. In this case, a complex of symptoms occurs: motor deficiency (muscle paresis), increased muscle tone (spasticity), biomechanical changes in muscles, joints and surrounding tissues, contractures. Recovery of walking is a difficult task due to the peculiarities of its organization in the norm. At the same time, changes occurring in the muscles of the lower limb after a stroke, their modular reorganization, the formation of various pathological patterns, violation of the regulation of movements by the central nervous system, rapidly occurring changes in muscles, ligaments, complicate this process. Improving walking is one of the most important priorities of rehabilitation. Already at the second (stationary) stage of rehabilitation, patients have a lack of proper support on the lower limb, which inevitably leads to excessive load on the second limb, a change in the body scheme, incorrect foot placement, violation of the mechanics of walking (moving from heel to toe) due to plantar flexion / turn of the foot, etc. All this makes patients dependent on outside help, and walking unsafe, increases the risk of falls and complications (arthropathy, contracture, etc.). In this regard, it is important to timely diagnose the totality of changes in the lower limb and create optimal comprehensive rehabilitation programs using highly effective treatment methods aimed at reducing the severity of the motor defect, reducing spasticity and preventing complications. The article discusses the place of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and botulinum therapy during rehabilitation in patients with spastic paresis of the lower limb after a stroke. The results of the protocol of clinical approbation «Complex rehabilitation of patients with lower limb spasticity after focal brain damage at the second stage of medical rehabilitation» are presented.

Analysis of Outer Race Bearing Damage by Calculation of Sound Signal Frequency Based on the FFT Method

This study aims to identify the outer race bearing needed to protect an induction motor from severe damage. Faults are diagnosed using a non-invasive technique through the sound signal from an induction motor. The diagnosis aims to assess the damage to the bearings on the fan or main shaft. Moreover, this study discusses the type of damage, loading variations, and the diagnostic accuracy with the damage to the outer race bearing placed on the fan or main shaft rotor. The disturbance detection approach is used to analyze the sound spectrum to identify the harmonic components near the disturbance frequency. The damage frequency characteristics are also calculated to determine the sound spectrum peak value. The results show that the detection is slightly affected by the damage severity and the incorrect placement of the bearings on the rotor shaft. The lowest detection accuracy in testing the outer race bearing damage on the fan shaft is 91.66%. However, the accuracy percentage is 100% with the outer race bearing damage on the main shaft.

Ex Vivo Evaluation of a Pressure-Sensitive Device to Aid Big Bubble Intrastromal Dissection in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty.

To develop and perform ex vivo testing for a device designed for semiquantitative determination of intracorneal dissection depth during big bubble (BB) deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. A prototype device connected to a syringe and cannula was designed to determine depth of intrastromal placement based on air rebound pressure emitted by a software controlled generator. Ex vivo testing of the device was conducted on human corneas mounted on an artificial anterior chamber in three experiments: (1) cannula purposely introduced at different depths measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography, (2) cannula introduced as per the BB technique, and (3) simulation of the BB technique guided by the device. A positive pressure differential and successful BB were observed only when the cannula was positioned within 150 microns from the endothelial plane. In all successful BB cases (21/40), a repeatable increase in tissue rebound pressure was detected, which was not recorded in unsuccessful cases. The device was able to signal to the surgeon correct placement of the cannula (successful BB) in 16 of 17 cases and incorrect placement of the cannula (unsuccessful BB) in 8 of 8 cases (94.1% sensitivity, 100% specificity). In our ex vivo model, this novel medical device could reliably signal cannula positioning in the deep stroma for effective pneumatic dissection and possibly aid technical execution of BB deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. A medical device that standardizes big bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty could increase the overall success rate of the surgical procedure and aid popularization of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty.