Incorrect Formulation Research Articles

Воспитательное мероприятие как предмет педагогического анализа

The purpose of the study is to develop a scheme for the systematic analysis of educational activities. The article presents various types of analysis of educational activities, gives their essential characteristics and identifies the main parameters of the analysis. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that a convenient tool has been developed to assess the effectiveness of educational activities based on the analysis of individual components of educational activities using verbal and mathematical indicators of the performance of the classroom teacher. As a result of the study, it was found that the analysis of educational activities as a pedagogical problem remains insufficiently studied. The existing schemes of educational activities are difficult to apply due to the lack of an optimal number of requirements (criteria and indicators), incorrect formulation of the diagnosed indicators, subjectivity in evaluating the proposed parameters, and the inability to draw objective conclusions about the quality of the educational event. The scheme proposed by the author can be used in the work of classroom teachers, school administration, as well as university teachers accompanying the pedagogical (educational) practice of students.

Comment on “Numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic buoyancy-induced flow in a non-isothermally heated square enclosure” [Communications in nonlinear science and numerical simulation, 14(2009) 770-778

This article aims to correct incorrect formulations and clarify inaccurate notations in the above mentioned publication. All results are recreated and compared using the numerical simulation of the corrected model.

Comments on “Sigmoid functionally graded plates embedded on Winkler–Pasternak foundation: Free vibration analysis by dynamic stiffness method” [Compos. Struct. 288 (2022) 115400

As comments to the paper in Composite Structures 288 (2022) 115400, the present article shows that the mathematical formulation presented for the vibration analysis of sigmoid functionally graded (S-FGM) plates resting on elastic foundation is not correct in its present form. It is shown that the incorrect formulation has resulted in considerable error in the reported results of the paper. In this note, possible mistakes of the mathematical formulation of the paper have been identified, and corrections are proposed.

A short note on turbulence characteristics in wind-turbine wakes

Analytical wake models need formulations to mimic the impact of wind turbines on turbulence level in the wake region. Several correlations can be found in the literature for this purpose, one of which is the formula proposed in A. Crespo, J. Hernández, Turbulence characteristics in wind-turbine wakes, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 61 (1) (1996) 71–85, which relates the added turbulence to the induction factor of the turbine, ambient turbulence intensity, and normalized distance from the rotor through an equation with one coefficient and three exponents for the effective parameters. Misuse of this formula with an incorrect exponent for the ambient turbulence intensity is propagating in the literature. In this note, we implement the original and the incorrect formulation of turbine-induced added turbulence in a Gaussian wake model to quantify its impact by studying the Horns Rev 1 wind farm. The results reveal that the turbulence intensity and the normalized power of the waked turbines predicted by the wake model with the correct and the incorrect implementation of turbine-induced added turbulence correlation have a difference equal to 1.94% and 3.53%, respectively, for an ambient turbulence intensity of 7.7%. For an ambient turbulence intensity of 4%, these discrepancies grow to 2.7% and 4.95%.

A new look to the classification of inflammatory diseases of the periapital tissues

The authors conducted a comparative analytical description of the classification (ICD-10) of periodontitis and periapical tooth tissues. The terms “apical periodontitis”, “destructive periodontitis”, traditionally used in the formulation of the diagnosis, do not reflect the pathology of the affected tissue. Mistakes made in the diagnosis using the above terms lead to an incorrect formulation of the diagnosis and the choice of treatment tactics.
 The obtained results led to the conclusion that the correct diagnosis of inflammatory and destructive diseases of the periapical tissues will significantly reduce the incidence of complications and increase the effectiveness of the treatment of periodontitis and diseases of the periapical tissues of the tooth.
 The results of a comprehensive study showed that a high percentage of diagnostic errors is associated with confusion in terminology. The terms “apical periodontitis”, “destructive periodontitis”, traditionally used in the formulation of the diagnosis, do not reflect the pathology of the affected tissue.

Basic universals for the scientific study of ergatic systems

Some initial basis of the universals for the modern scientific research of ergatic systems, possibly reducing the uncertainty of the primary and most intellectually laborious staging part of scientific activity, is proposed. The article shows that at a certain stage, the awareness of the bias of the problem and the contradictions that gave rise to it, the incorrect formulation of the problem of scientific research in its relationship of development cast doubt on the value of all the work done and force the researcher to return to the Some initial basis of the universals for the modern scientific research of ergatic systems, possibly reducing the uncertainty of the primary and most intellectually laborious staging part of scientific activity, is proposed. The article shows that at a certain stage, the awareness of the bias of the problem and the contradictions that gave rise to it, the incorrect formulation of the problem of scientific research in its relationship of development cast doubt on the value of all the work done and force the researcher to return to the Some initial basis of the universals for the modern scientific research of ergatic systems, possibly reducing the uncertainty of the primary and most intellectually laborious staging part of scientific activity, is proposed. The article shows that at a certain stage, the awareness of the bias of the problem and the contradictions that gave rise to it, the incorrect formulation of the problem of scientific research in its relationship of development cast doubt on the value of all the work done and force the researcher to return to theSome initial basis of the universals for the modern scientific research of ergatic systems, possibly reducing the uncertainty of the primary and most intellectually laborious staging part of scientific activity, is proposed. The article shows that at a certain stage, the awareness of the bias of the problem and the contradictions that gave rise to it, the incorrect formulation of the problem of scientific research in its relationship of development cast doubt on the value of all the work done and force the researcher to return to the roots, over and over again, until this relationship acquires clear and precise wording in its objectivity. The paper presents some relevant contradictions of modern society, which objectively require resolution in any managerial activity with the uncertainty of ways to overcome disharmony.

Construction of a project risk assessment model based on a probabilistic simulation approach

Manifestations of risk in the economic sphere of human activity have entailed numerous definitions and interpretations, a significant part of which are associated with two statements: a) risk is caused by random events outside the sphere of influence of the risk subject;b) the economic consequences of these events are undesirable or unacceptable for him.An ambiguous interpretation of the original concept leads to an incorrect formulation of the problem of formalizing the process of optimizing investment projects.The paper provides an analysis of the possibility of resolving the problem using a simulation-probabilistic approach.

On correctness of conditions for the CSIDH algorithm implementation on Edwards curves

Incorrect formulation and incorrect solution of the problem of the CSIDH algorithm implementation on Edwards curves was revealed in one of the famous works. The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed critique of such concept with a proof of its inconsistency. Specific properties of three non-isomorphic classes of super singular curves in the generalized Edwards form are considered: full, quadratic, and twisted Edwards curves. Conditions for existence of curves of all 3 classes with order of curves over a prime field are determined. The implementation of the CSIDH algorithm on isogenies of odd prime degrees is based on the use of quadratic twist pairs of elliptic curves. To this end, the CSIDH algorithm can be built both on complete Edwards curves with quadratic twist within this class, and on quadratic and twisted Edwards curves forming pairs of quadratic twist. In contrast to this, the authors of a well-known work are trying to prove theorems that state that there is a solution within one class of curves with a parameter which is a square. The critical analysis of theorems, lemmas, erroneous statements in this work is carried out. Theorem 2 on quadratic twist in classes of Edwards curves is proved. The CSIDH algorithm modification based on isogenies of quadratic and twisted Edwards curves is presented. To illustrate the correct solution of the problem, an example of Alice and Bob calculations in the secret sharing scheme according to the CSIDH algorithm is considered for.

Diagnostics errors as the reasons for the discrepancy between clinical and pathoanatomical diagnoses

Relevance. The development of medical science has made it easier for clinicians to diagnose specific diseases, often leading to the reduction of traditional diagnostic methods, including differential diagnosis. As a result, there is an increase in medical errors in diagnosis, the choice of treatment tactics, including in cases with the development of an unfavorable outcome. The aim of the study was to identify typical errors in the differential diagnosis of diseases in cases with a fatal outcome in the departments of both therapeutic and surgical profiles. Materials and Methods. At the first stage of the retrospective cohort study, fatal cases were analyzed for the correctness of the final post-mortem clinical diagnosis and the results of its comparison with the pathoanatomical diagnosis based on the results of the examination of the quality of medical care in compulsory health insurance. Errors in the formulation of the post-mortem clinical diagnosis were identified, and their causes were determined. At the second stage, the scenario method determines three variants of risk realization in the case of divergence of the final clinical and pathoanatomical diagnoses, with an assessment of the frequency of risk variants realization in the surgical and therapeutic profiles . Results and Discussion. When analyzing cases of fatal outcomes with a discrepancy between the final clinical and pathoanatomical diagnoses, the main errors in the formulation of the final clinical diagnosis were identified. In the first variant of risk realization, the reason for the discrepancy is the incorrect formulation of the final post-mortem diagnosis. In the case of the second scenario, violations relate to incorrect diagnostic tactics when a new disease or exacerbation of a chronic disease occurs. In the third scenario, violations are associated with incorrect differential diagnosis: the initial restriction of the range of nosologies for diagnostic search. Conclusion. Typical violations of diagnosis and differential diagnosis leading to a discrepancy between the final clinical and pathoanatomical diagnoses are identified. As part of the provision of medical care in surgical specialties, the second scenario is more often identified: incorrect diagnostic tactics when a new disease appears or a chronic disease worsens. When providing medical care in therapeutic specialties, violations are more often detected in the third scenario: incorrect differential diagnosis, initial restriction of the range of nosologies for diagnostic search. The second and third scenarios create legal risks for the doctor and the medical organization when evaluated by the relevant authorities.

Diagnostics errors as the reasons for the discrepancy between clinicaland pathoanatomical diagnoses

Relevance. The development of medical science has made it easier for clinicians to diagnose specific diseases, often leading to the reduction of traditional diagnostic methods, including differential diagnosis. As a result, there is an increase in medical errors in diagnosis, the choice of treatment tactics, including in cases with the development of an unfavorable outcome. The aim of the study was to identify typical errors in the differential diagnosis of diseases in cases with a fatal outcome in the departments of both therapeutic and surgical profiles. Materials and Methods. At the first stage of the retrospective cohort study, fatal cases were analyzed for the correctness of the final post-mortem clinical diagnosis and the results of its comparison with the pathoanatomical diagnosis based on the results of the examination of the quality of medical care in compulsory health insurance. Errors in the formulation of the post-mortem clinical diagnosis were identified, and their causes were determined. At the second stage, the scenario method determines three variants of risk realization in the case of divergence of the final clinical and pathoanatomical diagnoses, with an assessment of the frequency of risk variants realization in the surgical and therapeutic profiles . Results and Discussion. When analyzing cases of fatal outcomes with a discrepancy between the final clinical and pathoanatomical diagnoses, the main errors in the formulation of the final clinical diagnosis were identified. In the first variant of risk realization, the reason for the discrepancy is the incorrect formulation of the final post-mortem diagnosis. In the case of the second scenario, violations relate to incorrect diagnostic tactics when a new disease or exacerbation of a chronic disease occurs. In the third scenario, violations are associated with incorrect differential diagnosis: the initial restriction of the range of nosologies for diagnostic search. Conclusion. Typical violations of diagnosis and differential diagnosis leading to a discrepancy between the final clinical and pathoanatomical diagnoses are identified. As part of the provision of medical care in surgical specialties, the second scenario is more often identified: incorrect diagnostic tactics when a new disease appears or a chronic disease worsens. When providing medical care in therapeutic specialties, violations are more often detected in the third scenario: incorrect differential diagnosis, initial restriction of the range of nosologies for diagnostic search. The second and third scenarios create legal risks for the doctor and the medical organization when evaluated by the relevant authorities.

Transtocar, Three Fragments

Tra<i>n</i>stocar, Three Fragments

HOW TO CONSTRUCT CSIDH ON QUADRATIC AND TWISTED EDWARDS CURVES

In one of the famous works, an incorrect formulation and an incorrect solution of the implementation problem of the CSIDH algorithm on Edwards curves is discovered. A detailed critique of this work with a proof of the fallacy of its concept is given. Specific properties of three non-isomorphic classes of supersingular curves in the generalized Edwards form is considered: complete, quadratic, and twisted Edwards curves. Conditions for the existence of curves of all classes with the order p+1 of curves over a prime field are determined. The implementation of the CSIDH algorithm on isogenies of odd prime degrees based on the use of quadratic twist pairs of elliptic curves. To this end, the CSIDH algorithm can be construct both on complete Edwards curves with quadratic twist within this class, and on quadratic and twisted Edwards curves forming pairs of quadratic twist. In contrast to this, the authors of a well-known work are trying to prove theorems with statement about existing a solution within one class of curves with a parameter that is a square. The critical analysis of theorems, lemmas, and erroneous statements in this work is given. Theorem 2 on quadratic twist in classes of Edwards curves is proved. A modification of the CSIDH algorithm based on isogenies of quadratic and twisted Edwards curves is presented. To illustrate the correct solution of the problem, an example of Alice and Bob calculations in the secret sharing scheme according to the CSIDH algorithm is considered.

Forensic Examinations During the Investigation of Threats or Violence Against a Law Enforcement Officer

Forensic expertise, as a form of using special knowledge, is one of the most effective ways to establish the truth during the investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer, especially given the often-limited amount of criminally valuable information in such proceedings, which conditions the relevance of this paper. The purpose of the paper is to establish the types and analyse the possibilities of forensic examinations that can be assigned during the investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer. During the study, a set of scientific methods was applied – system, comparative legal, statistical, analysis, bibliographic, synthesis, induction, and deduction. According to the results of the study, a holistic view of the complex of forensic studies was presented, which: are most often assigned in the proceedings under consideration (examination of sound and video recordings, fingerprinting, examination of cold steel and firearms, forensic trasological examination), are mandatory if injuries are caused to the victim (forensic medical), can be assigned depending on the needs of the specific production (engineering and transport, phototechnical, forensic psychiatric examination); also, the types of examinations, the capabilities of which are not fully used by investigators (forensic psychological), were identified. The most important problems that arise at the stage of assigning expert examinations and can largely affect the quality of expert opinions were identified: violation of the deadlines for assigning expert examinations, incorrect formulation of questions to the expert, provision of insufficient quantity and/or poor quality of materials for research, incorrect definition of the type of expert study. It is emphasised that in the conditions of martial law and the expansion of the list of methods and tools of committing the investigated criminal offences in connection with it, there is a need for expert study, the objects of which are explosives and substances, various weapons, etc

Проблемы законодательного конструирования уголовно-правовых норм, направленных на защиту объектов топливно-энергетической инфраструктуры Российской Федерации

Within the framework of the article, the author formulates problems associated with the legislative design of criminal law norms that provide for criminal liability for unauthorized connection to oil pipelines, oil product pipelines, and gas pipelines, or for making them unusable. The aim of the article was to develop and formulate approaches to the elimination of legal conflicts arising from the incorrect formulation of criminal law norms and to improve the practice of applying the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, provided for by Art. 2153 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article is based on the doctrinal provisions of the science of criminal law concerning the legal technique of designing criminal law norms, as well as materials of law enforcement practice. As a result of the study, the author demonstrates an internal inconsistency in the prescriptions of Art. 2153 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, associated with excessive overload and fundamental incompatibility of signs of corpus delicti within the framework of one norm of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, mandatory signs of a particularly qualifying corpus delicti must include a special subject, a person subjected to administrative punishment for a similar act, and consequences, in the form of disruption of the normal operation of the oil pipeline and selfish or hooligan motives in the perpetrator's behavior. Thus, it is impossible to apply the provisions in practice without violating the principle of legality and using the analogy of criminal law. The author states that in many ways the nature of the origin of the problems that we have to speak about more and more often are constant questions about the competition between general and specific norms, and, if these questions are undecidable, we have to speak about the widespread use of the banned analogy. The conclusions of the study are: the author's proposals on amending Art. 2153 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and other norms of the criminal law; an indication of the need to eliminate unnecessary duplication of the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and to create more and more highly specialized special norms that compete with general criminal law prohibitions. In addition, the ways of changing approaches to the qualification of these acts have been identified; these ways allow for a consistent counteraction to negative socially dangerous acts and respect for the interests and rights of citizens.

DELETE 005

Forensic expertise, as a form of using special knowledge, is one of the most effective ways to establish the truth during the investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer, especially given the often-limited amount of criminally valuable information in such proceedings, which conditions the relevance of this paper. The purpose of the paper is to establish the types and analyse the possibilities of forensic examinations that can be assigned during the investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer. During the study, a set of scientific methods was applied – system, comparative legal, statistical, analysis, bibliographic, synthesis, induction, and deduction. According to the results of the study, a holistic view of the complex of forensic studies was presented, which: are most often assigned in the proceedings under consideration (examination of sound and video recordings, fingerprinting, examination of cold steel and firearms, forensic trasological examination), are mandatory if injuries are caused to the victim (forensic medical), can be assigned depending on the needs of the specific production (engineering and transport, phototechnical, forensic psychiatric examination); also, the types of examinations, the capabilities of which are not fully used by investigators (forensic psychological), were identified. The most important problems that arise at the stage of assigning expert examinations and can largely affect the quality of expert opinions were identified: violation of the deadlines for assigning expert examinations, incorrect formulation of questions to the expert, provision of insufficient quantity and/or poor quality of materials for research, incorrect definition of the type of expert study. It is emphasised that in the conditions of martial law and the expansion of the list of methods and tools of committing the investigated criminal offences in connection with it, there is a need for expert study, the objects of which are explosives and substances, various weapons, etc

Economic Policy of Industrial Development and Investment Approach to the Analysis of the National Economy

The article is devoted to a critical analysis and scientific search for alternative options for the country's economic development along the path of technological modernization and structural restructuring of the national economy. The purpose of this article is to consider the investment approach to the analysis of the economy in the context of modern political economy. As a result of the critical analysis, an investment approach to the analysis of the economy was used to theoretically substantiate the fundamental possibility of the development of industrial capitalism in economic macro-region, including Ukraine. Based on the investment approach to the analysis, M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky convincingly showed the fundamental possibility of the development of industrial capitalism, which is capable of creating a corresponding internal market for itself in the process of industrialization. First of all, this can happen due to the outstripping growth in investment demand for means of production. The most important reason for the unrealized industrial potential is the initially incorrect strategic formulation of the problem of economic transformations and the associated erroneous choice of the target of economic reforms. The historically specific goal of economic transformations should not be an abstract market economy, but the development of industrial capitalism, which determines the development of a solution to the problem of a radical change in the target of economic reforms, which should be directly related to the development of industrial capitalism and the corresponding renewal of the tools of the state's economic policy.

Optimization of an educational organization management based on the assignment management system implementation

At present, there is an a1cute problem of the low efficiency of handling assignments in the management processes of educational organizations. This is due to a number of factors, including: incorrect formulation of tasks by managers, failure to comply with the established deadlines, inconsistency of the results with the tasks set, unsatisfactory staff compliance with assignment fulfillment regulations, etc. The introduction and further use of the assignment management system based on information analysis technologies with the inclusion of an analytical module into the structure of the information management system of an educational organization can serve to efficiently solve the indicated problems. Considering the current global trends in the development of information technology, this approach is very relevant and in demand, since the use of information technology in the form of an assignments management system allows for efficient communication between managers and subordinate employees. The article discusses the issues of improving the management activities of an organization through the use of an information and analytical system. The role of information technologies in the processes of educational organizations has been investigated. The existing software products used to work with assignments have been analyzed. The procedure for working with the assignment management system is presented. The statistical data on the use of the information-analytical system in practice are presented.

Model laboratories: A quick-start guide for design of simulation experiments for dynamic systems models

The use of dynamic systems models by scientists, managers, and policy-makers is becoming more common due to the increasingly complex nature of ecological and socio-economic problems. Unfortunately, most scientific training in the life sciences only includes dynamic modeling as elective, supplementary courses at a beginners-level, which is not conducive to generating the expertise needed to properly develop, test, and learn from dynamic modeling approaches and risks utilization of poor quality models and adoption of unreliable recommendations. The objective of this paper is to fill part of that gap, particularly regarding model experimentation, by summarizing key concepts in experimental design for simulation experiments and illustrating hands-on examples of experiments needed for developing a deeper understanding of complex, dynamic systems. The experiments include extreme conditions testing, sensitivity analyses of model behaviors given variation in both parameter values and graphical (table) functions, and “what-if?” experiments (e.g., counterfactual trajectories, boundary-adequacy tests, and intervention threshold experiments). Each experimental example describes the theoretical foundation of the test, illustrates its application using an ecological systems model, and increases in degree of difficulty from novice to advanced skill levels. By doing so, we demonstrate consistent, scientific means to glean valuable insights about the model's structure-behavior link, uncover any unforeseen model flaws or incorrect formulations, and enhance the confidence (validity) of the model for its intended use.

THE MOST COMMON ERRORS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

Conducting scientific research in the field of medicine, as in other areas of science, involves the need to comply with various standards and rules. Making various kinds of mistakes at the stage of planning or implementation of scientific research may lead to the fact that the research needs to be conducted again, and the existing results are unsuitable for publication, and even more so for the defense of a dissertation. The purpose of this article is to review the most common mistakes that researchers make at the stage of planning or implementing medical research. The article discusses the errors associated with the wrong definition and poor study design, incorrect formulation of the goals and objectives of the research, defects, sampling research and work with the generated databases, as well as errors made in a statistical analysis of the data. The material presented in the article does not claim to be an exhaustive list of possible mistakes that can be made during research. This material is a summary of the authors ' experience in reviewing and evaluating various types of scientific research. Taking into account the experience described in this article will prevent potential errors in medical research and ensure better planning and implementation of scientific research in the field of medicine.

Important Aspects of Polygraph Examinations of Islamic Faith People

Abstract In this article the author gives recommendations for running polygraph examinations of Islamic faith representatives during the Muslim fasting period of Ramadan based on his own practical experience and interactions with Muslim psychologists, and also analyzes examples of incorrect formulations of relevant questions on the subject of Islamic terrorism / extremism in the course of screening examinations.