Incorporation Of Nanomaterials Research Articles

Halloysite Nanotube-Based Pesticide Formulations with Enhanced Rain Erosion Resistance, Foliar Adhesion, and Insecticidal Effect.

The incorporation of green and sustainable nanomaterials in pesticide formation is an effective method to lower the use of conventional pesticides without adverse effects on productivity. Here pesticide Pickering emulsions stabilized by halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were developed for low cost, less environmental pollution, low toxic effects, and better emulsion stability. HNTs were added to chlorantraniliprole (CAP) emulsions, and good stability was exhibited due to the adsorption and aggregation of HNTs at the interface of CAP oil droplets, forming a three-dimensional network structure that prevented the emulsion from aggregation. In addition, Spodoptera frugiperda was used as a pest model and corn was used as a plant model to explore the washout resistance, insecticidal effect, and biological safety of HNTs-CAP emulsion. After spraying emulsion on corn leaves and washing for 10 min, the HNTs-CAP emulsion (5 wt % HNTs) pesticide residue rate was 2.7 times that of pristine CAP emulsion. When the HNT dispersion concentration was 2 wt %, the larva mortality was 83%, which was 1.5 times that of the CAP emulsion group. These results demonstrated that HNTs-CAP emulsion showed good foliar adhesion, rainfall resistance, and insecticidal effect. The tubular clay-based nanopesticide formulations show potential applications in the control of crop pests with modern agriculture technology.

Based on the Application Practice of Multifunctional Nanomaterials in Art Design and Industrial Manufacturing Concept

Design is the broad application of discovering new materials and technologies. Nanomaterials have been widely used in product design as a new type of material. The rapid development of nanotechnology is bound to trigger a new design revolution. Combining user needs, design concepts, and material selection, this paper discusses the relationship between user needs and nanoproducts and user needs and nanomaterials. In this paper, the design requirements and related properties of nanomaterials are put forward through the study of the hydration rate of nanomaterials after adding cement, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and morphology analysis. The effect of the addition of ultrafine materials on the dissolution of ions during cement hydration was studied by ICP technology. The experimental results in this paper show that with the development of the distance, the concentration of calcium ions gradually decreases, and the order of calcium ion concentration is No. 3 tank > No. 4 tank > No. 5 tank. The diffusion of calcium ions was enhanced after the incorporation of nanomaterials, and the diffusion ability of NT to calcium ions was stronger than that of NS group.

Reaction kinetics, mechanical properties, and microstructure of nano-modified recycled concrete fine powder/slag based geopolymers

Nano-materials are increasingly being used as modified binder for improve the performance of cementitious materials. In this paper, nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3 were incorporated into the geopolymers formed by the mixture of construction solid waste (recycled concrete fine powder) and industrial solid waste (slag). The effects of the type and content of nanomaterials on the early reaction kinetics, physical and mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymer composites were explored. Results show that the addition of nanomaterials mainly affected the dissolution stage of geopolymerization, played a nucleation effect and improved the reaction rate. The promotion effect of nano-Al2O3 was slightly greater than that of nano-SiO2. Based on the results of JMAK model, the formation of geopolymers composites was an one-dimensional heterogeneous nucleation control reaction, which followed a plate-like structure thickening mechanism. The addition of nanomaterials shortened the setting time. The incorporation of nano-Al2O3 was beneficial to improve the fluidity of geopolymer. Furthermore, the addition of the two nanomaterials could improve the compressive strength of geopolymers. The compressive strength tended to first increase and then decrease with increasing nano-SiO2 or nano-Al2O3 content. The optimal mixing ratio of nano-silica and nano-alumina were 1.2% and 1.6% respectively, and the 28-day compressive strengths were both 59.05 MPa, which were 23.35% higher than that without nano-materials. XRD and SEM-EDS analysis indicate that the incorporation of nanomaterials had no impact on the type of final products, but increased their number, particularly calcium-based gel products. The internal structure of geopolymer with nanomaterials was more dense and uniform than that without nanomaterials. The MIP observed that the addition of the two nano-materials reduced the porosity in the matrix, the number of macropores and the pore fractal dimension. The pore fractal dimension of geopolymer was negatively correlated with the compressive strength.

Nanotechnology-Inspired Extracellular Vesicles Theranostics for Diagnosis and Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases.

Shuttling various bioactive substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) bidirectionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been opening new frontiers for the diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, clinical translation of EV-based theranostics remains challenging due to difficulties in effective EV engineering for superior imaging/therapeutic potential, ultrasensitive EV detection for small sample volume, as well as scale-up and standardized EV production. In the past decade, continuous advancement in nanotechnology provided extensive concepts and strategies for EV engineering and analysis, which inspired the application of EVs for CNS diseases. Here we will review the existing types of EV-nanomaterial hybrid systems with improved diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy for CNS diseases. A summary of recent progress in the incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures in EV production, separation, and analysis will also be provided. Moreover, the convergence between nanotechnology and microfluidics for integrated EV engineering and liquid biopsy of CNS diseases will be discussed.

Effect of graphene oxide-glyphosate nanocomposite on wheat and rape seedlings: Growth, photosynthesis performance, and oxidative stress response

Recently, nanomaterials have been increasingly applied to improve the bioactivity of pesticides for plant protection. However, the incorporation of nanomaterials into nano-herbicides is still in the early stage of development. In this study, the effect of GO–GLY nanocomposites was tested on wheat and edible rape seedlings in terms of growth parameters, photosynthises, the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that compared with GO or GLY alone, GO–GLY nanocomposite more significantly inhibited the growth of wheat and rape seedlings, decreased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, primary maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, actual quantum yield and photosynthetic electron transport rate, while significantly increased the intercellular CO 2 concentration. These changes may be related to increases in oxidative stress, as indicated by the higher accumulation of O 2 .− and H 2 O 2 under GO–GLY treatment. Furthermore, GO–GLY treatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in both plant species compared with GO or GLY alone. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that GO–GLY treatment upregulated the transcription of CAT s, APXs , MDHAR, and DHAR genes in wheat seedlings, and elevated that of CATs , APXs , MDHAR , DHAR, and GR genes in rape seedlings compared with GO or GLY alone. Ultimately, in response to GO–GLY stress, a preliminary regulatory mechanism was proposed for the self-protective mechanism of wheat and rape seedlings, which lays a theoretical foundation for the wide application of nano-herbicides. • GO can be used as a synergist for heibicide. • The synergistic effect of GLY and GO reduces the use concentration of herbicides. • Antioxidant enzyme related genes play an important role in the detoxification of GO–GLY nanocomposite.

Development of Composite Thin-Film Nanofiltration Membranes Based on Polyethersulfone for Water Purification

The development of thin-film composite membranes has gained more importance as they exhibit higher permeability, higher solute rejection and improved antifouling behavior. The incorporation of hydrophilic nanomaterials within the composite thin film has reported to effectively increase the hydrophilicity and improve the membrane performance. In this study novel thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization of trimesoyl chloride, polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) and montmorillonite (MMT) composite on the porous polyethersulfone membrane. The effect of preparation parameters was studied as; reaction time, PVP concentration and MMT content. The properties of the prepared composite thin-film membranes were analyzed in terms of their chemical structure, surface morphological features, pure water contact angle, zeta potential, pure water permeation flux (PWP) and solutes rejection. The prepared composite thin-film membranes showed smoother surfaces, different surfaces functionality and amphoteric surfaces with points of zero charge at pH 7–7.5. The PWP was found to increase with increasing MMT content up to 0.10 wt%. The rejection of crystal violet dye (CV) was studied using the prepared membranes. The membrane with 0.5% PVP, 0.10% MMT and 6 min reaction time showed PWP of 18.1 L/m2 h bar and CV rejection of 80.01%. The rejection of Na2SO4 and MgCl2 increased with increasing MMT content and reached 96% and 35.4%, respectively. The steady state flux was decreased by 5% with increasing MMT content from 0.10 to 0.12 wt% indicating improved antifouling behavior with MMT.

What Nanomaterials Can Do for Energy Storage: Production of Charged, Individualised Nanomaterials (CINs) As Novel Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Electrochemical energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, allow us to store electrical energy as chemical energy. They are a vital component of the UK’s plans to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.1 Nanomaterials offer properties such as short ion diffusion distances, high percolation to form conductive networks, and structural frameworks that can withstand mechanical stresses from successive volume expansion-contraction cycles on insertion-deinsertion of guest ions. Thanks to these properties, incorporation of nanomaterials into electrochemical energy storage devices could allow them to store more energy, last longer, and cope with the load cycles required for grid storage.2 However, the use of nanomaterials in commercial devices is limited by their low density and tendency to agglomerate. In addition, established synthesis methods such as high energy sonication and Hummer’s method yield nanomaterials with properties that fall short of those predicted theoretically, by resulting in a distribution of few-layer materials, and introducing defects that might not benefit electrochemical performance.This work uses highly reducing solutions, such as alkali metal-ammonia solutions or sodium naphthalide solutions, and subsequent spontaneous dissolution in polar aprotic solvents, to individualise nanomaterials and introduce negative charge to the surface in a single step (Figure 1).3,4 This produces exclusively monolayer, pristine, negatively-charged, individualised nanomaterials (CINs). This synthesis route can be applied to a wide range of materials, such as layered materials like graphite and transition metal dichalcogenides, as well as carbon nanotubes and other carbonaceous materials. The negative charge introduced can be used in subsequent synthesis steps to add functionality, grow nanoparticles, and control assembly into 3D structure. Using starting materials such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, and phosphorus,5 this work presents the application of these methods to investigate what new materials can be made. Furthermore, their electrochemical performance in batteries and supercapacitors is discussed. References 1HM Government, Dep. Business, Energy Ind. Strateg., 2020, 1–38. 2E. Pomerantseva, F. Bonaccorso, X. Feng, Y. Cui, Y. Gogotsi, Science, 2019, 366, 969. 3P. L. Cullen, K. M. Cox, M. K. Bin Subhan, L. Picco, O. D. Payton, D. J. Buckley, T. S. Miller, S. A. Hodge, N. T. Skipper, V. Tileli, C. A. Howard, Nat. Chem., 2017, 9, 244–249. 4A. Clancy, J. Melbourne, M. S. P. Shaffer, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 16708–16715. 5M. C. Watts, L. Picco, F. S. Russell-Pavier, P. L. Cullen, T. S. Miller, S. P. Bartus, O. D. Payton, N. T. Skipper, V. Tileli, C. A. Howard, Nature, 2019, 568, 216–220. Figure 1

Advancements in nano-enabled cement and concrete: Innovative properties and environmental implications

As concrete is one of the most used construction materials, lowering its environmental impacts is crucial for a more sustainable built environment. The incorporation of nanomaterials in concrete is a fast-growing field of research because a small amount of nano-compounds can significantly improve some of its properties. Few works have assessed the trade-offs between concrete properties improvement and environmental impacts. This paper reviews the main nanomaterial applications in concrete over the last decade with a focus on their environmental implications. Attention is given to nanotechnology applications boosting innovative properties (i.e., self-compacting, self-cleaning, self-healing, and self-sensing) and green concrete blends incorporating residues, identifying the underlined potential environmental impacts of these applications. Finally, some research gaps and future research directions are identified.The literature analysis showed that some nanomaterials can improve the mechanical properties of concrete, increase durability, and effectively promote the reduction of cement content, which results in a decrease of CO2 emissions. To allow the comparability of studies and relate carbon emissions with mechanical properties, a carbon intensity index is suggested. Despite different environmental impacts may be reduced in nano-enabled blends, cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment studies showed an increase in other impact categories. Nanomaterial production is often highly energy-intensive, not fully optimized, and still performed at the lab scale. Despite nanomaterial incorporation in concrete is increasing, studies regarding its environmental impacts or its potential ecotoxicity and toxicity (e.g., from a safe and sustainable-by-design perspective) are still scarce and require further investigation.

Effects of nanomaterials on mechanical properties, durability characteristics and microstructural features of alkali-activated binders: A comprehensive review

The incorporation of nanomaterials in the concrete industry has recently received attention to enhance the concrete mechanical and durability properties. Besides, alkali-activated binders have become a viable option to replace conventional Portland cement- binders due to their superior mechanical properties and environmental advantages. This review paper summarizes the published work within the period 2010 to 2021 on the effect of the incorporation of selected nanomaterials in alkali-activated binders. A comprehensive review covers four nanomaterials (i) nano-silica, (ii) nano alumina (iii) Nano titanium dioxide, and (iv) carbon nanotubes. It was found that the incorporation of such nanomaterials led to promote of geopolymerization reactions, densifying the microstructure and thus enhancing the mechanical properties. The inclusion of nano-silica up to 3 wt% significantly enhances the rate of geopolymerization reaction. The addition of 2% of nano-alumina was found to reduce the porosity with a minor effect on geopolymerization. Incorporation of nano-TiO2 up to 5% and Carbon nanotubes up to 0.1% enhances geopolymerization by offering additional nucleation sites. Furthermore, the addition of nanomaterials was found to significantly enhance the durability of geopolymers against severe chemical conditions. The potential health issues related to the use of nano-based materials have been discussed along with the cost-efficiency. At the end of this review, the future trend, potential, and implication of nanomaterials alkali-activated based materials were discussed.

Surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles for bacterial decontaminations of blood products

Bacterial infections can be caused by contamination of labile blood products with specific bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hospital equipment, bio-protective equipment, delivery systems, and medical devices can be easily contaminated by microorganisms. Multidrug-resistant bacteria can survive on various organic or inorganic polymeric materials for more than 90 days. Inhibiting the growth and eradicating these microorganisms is vital in blood transfusion processes. Blood bags and other related medical devices can be improved by the incorporation of organic or inorganic nanomaterials, particularly silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles. The addition of solid organic or inorganic nanoparticles to synthetic polymers or biopolymers can provide new properties in addition to antimicrobial activity. Among these NPs, formulations composed of SiO2 nanoparticles and polymers have been shown to improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of catheters, prosthetic inserts, blood bags, and other medical devices SiO2 nanoparticles possess several advantages, including large-scale synthetic availability, simple one-pot synthesis methods, porous structure for loading antibacterial agents, good biocompatibility, and thermal stability. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride is the main polymer, which has been functionalized by these nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and challenges regarding the functionalization of polyvinyl chloride by SiO2 nanoparticles to hinder bacterial contaminations in blood products.

Removal of Contaminants from Water by Membrane Filtration: A Review.

Drinking water sources are increasingly subject to various types of contamination due to anthropogenic factors and require proper treatment to remove disease-causing agents. Public drinking water systems use different treatment methods to provide safe and quality drinking water to populations. However, they are ineffective in removing contaminants that are considered a danger to the environment and therefore to humans. Several alternative treatment processes have been proposed, such as membrane filtration, as final purification methods. This paper aims to summarize the type of pollutant compounds, filtration processes, and membranes that have been most studied in this area with particular emphasis on how the modification of membranes, either the manufacturing process or the incorporation of nanomaterials, influences their performance.

Hydrophilic montmorillonite in tailoring the structure and selectivity of polyamide membrane

2D nanomaterials have been extensively studied for their superiority in desalination applications. For instance, the incorporation of Graphene-Family nanomaterials has been reported to enhance membrane separation performance significantly, yet the other important low-cost 2D nanomaterial, montmorillonite (MMT), is less studied. For the first time, we systematically studied the formation and performance of polyamide membranes with the modification of exfoliated MMT. The exfoliated MMT has overcome the classical membrane permeability-selectivity trade-off attributed to its uniformity, excellent dispersion and compatibility with monomer m-phenylenediamine (MPD). The effects of MMT charges on the perm-selectivity of resultant TFN membranes were also studied symmetrically. MMT can tailor the surface morphology, roughness, hydrophilicity, and crosslink density of polyamide due to tunable charges and ionic strength. In addition, it was found that MMT exhibited a positive effect on the chlorine resistance of the membrane. Taken together, our work provides fundamental insights into the formation and transport mechanisms in thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes.

Nanomaterials as signal amplification elements in aptamer-based electrochemiluminescent biosensors

Biosensor technology is experiencing an unprecedented momentum that is driven by rapid advances in material science for utilization in various fields, and is constantly evolving to develop fast, simple and sensitive sensors. Here, we present a comprehensive and concise review on electrochemiluminescent (ECL) nanomaterial-based aptasensors including challenges and applications. ECL aptasensor combines the merits of a biosensor, selectivity of an aptamer, and sensitivity of ECL to construct sensitive and selective sensors. Signal amplification processes through the incorporation of nanomaterials are essential to further enhance the sensitivity of ECL sensing systems. Nanomaterials are commonly utilized in sensor fabrication as (i) electrode modifiers, (ii) nanocarriers, (iii) nanocatalysts, and (iv) luminophores. The review highlights the effects of integrating nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, metal organic frameworks, and quantum dots using various research strategies that address signal amplification to enhance the ECL signal. Furthermore, various concepts have been demonstrated with relevant figures and explanations to serve as a general overview for the design of ECL aptasensors. Lastly, we discuss the underlying problems and possibilities for ECL aptasensor research and development.

Biodegradable Active Packaging with Controlled Release: Principles, Progress, and Prospects

Climate change is accelerated by increasing food waste; more importantly, this pressing challenge is compounded by the environmentally damaging effects of conventional plastics used in food packaging. We have critically reviewed active release packaging as an innovative solution to address these concerning effects. Particular attention is paid to controlled release, encapsulation methods, and natural active agents. Other aspects of active packaging development such as stringent safety legislations are also discussed, alongside highlighting developmental hurdles. Certain technologies are underscored as revolutionary for the field of active packaging: in particular, stimuli-responsive materials, reliable controlled-release mechanisms, and the synergy of active packaging and intelligent packaging. Encapsulation is described as an important method of achieving controlled release. The potential of electrospun biopolymeric fibers to encapsulate natural antimicrobial or antioxidant molecules is also noted. Importantly, the review discusses the incorporation of nanomaterials and subsequent increased commercialization success due to the modulation of Bioplastic properties. In order to outcompete inexpensive petroleum-based plastics, these novel packaging materials must have good mechanical properties, good barrier properties, well-defined controlled release studies, and good biodegradation rates. Overall, it is evident that biopolymeric active-release packaging incorporating natural active compounds will serve as a high-potential, sustainable replacement for ubiquitous petroleum-based plastics.

The application of existing genotoxicity methodologies for grouping of nanomaterials: towards an integrated approach to testing and assessment

The incorporation of nanomaterials (NMs) in consumer products has proven to be highly valuable in many sectors. Unfortunately, however, the same nano specific physicochemical properties, which make these material attractive, might also contribute to hazards for people exposed to these materials. The physicochemical properties of NMs will impact their interaction with biological surroundings and influence their fate and their potential adverse effects such as genotoxicity. Due to the large and expanding number of NMs produced, their availability in different nanoforms (NFs) and their utilization in various formats, it is impossible for risk assessment to be conducted on an individual NF basis. Alternative methods, such as grouping are needed for streamlining hazard assessment. The GRACIOUS Framework provides a logical and science evidenced approach to group similar NFs, allowing read-across of hazard information from source NFs (or non-NFs) with adequate hazard data to target NFs that lack such data. Here, we propose a simple three-tiered testing strategy to gather evidence to determine whether different NFs are sufficiently similar with respect to their potential to induce genotoxicity, in order to be grouped. The tiered testing strategy includes simple in vitro models as well as a number of alternative more complex multi-cellular in vitro models to allow for a better understanding of secondary NM-induced DNA damage, something that has been more appropriate in vivo until recently.

Influence of β-AgVO3 nanomaterial incorporation on mechanical and microbiological properties of dental porcelain

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of adding different percentages of nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO3) to dental porcelains, evaluating the antimicrobial activity and the influence on the mechanical properties. MethodsThirty-six specimens were made, for each concentration, control group, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% and 5%, using two commercial brands: IPS InLine and Noritake Cerabien ZR. For the analysis of mechanical properties, the Vickers microhardness test and the roughness test were performed. For the antimicrobial analysis, the XTT and CFU assays were performed. ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between groups for mechanical and microbiological analyses. SignificanceThe modification of dental porcelains, with the incorporation of β-AgVO3, influenced the mechanical properties of the material and demonstrated antimicrobial activity at certain concentrations.

A novel temperature-responsive mixed matrix ultrafiltration membrane based on boron nitride nanomaterial

A novel mixed matrix membrane was prepared by blending polysulfone with two-dimensional boron nitride followed by its hydroxyl functionalization. Prepared nanocomposite membranes were characterized for the surface morphology, surface roughness, zeta potential and hydrophilicity. Uniform dispersion of boron nitride nanoparticles in polysulfone matrix and consequent changes in membrane properties were confirmed by scanning electron microscope images, atomic force microscope images, zeta potential, contact angle analysis, and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique was used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the modified membrane and the results revealed the presence of BN in the membrane matrix. The highest water flux of 329.52 Liters per sqm per hour (LMH) was obtained in case of PS/BN (1%) as compared to 151.87 LMH of virgin membrane and Albumin rejection also increased by nanocomposites membranes up to certain concentration of Boron nitride. A unique behavior of temperature responsiveness of nanocomposite membrane was observed, where a steep increment in permeate flux by 205% at higher temperature was noted as compared to the virgin Polysulfone membrane where only 103% increase was recorded for the same temperature range. Moreover, the water uptake capacity of nanocomposite membranes were measured to understand the changes with nanomaterial incorporation. The membrane showed a good promise for high-temperature separation applications.

Assessment of the Refractive Index and Extinction Coefficient of Graphene-Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanocomposites.

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most attractive polymeric donor materials used in organic solar cells because of its high electrical conductivity and solubility in various solvents. However, its carrier mobility is low when compared to that of inorganic semiconductors; hence, the incorporation of appropriate nanomaterials to improve its electrical mobility and optical properties are pursued. In this work, a review of the changes in electrical conductivity, bandgap, hole collection properties and carrier mobility of P3HT when adding graphene (G) is presented. The main aim is to assess how the addition of different G contents influences the optical constants: refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k). The values of n and k as a function of the wavelength for six P3HT/G nanocomposites with G loadings in the range of 0.1–5 wt% have been fitted to two different models, Forouhi Bloomer and Cauchy, showing very good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical values. Furthermore, a rule of mixtures was successfully applied to calculate n using mass fraction instead of volume fraction, with errors lower than 6% for all the nanocomposites studied.

Influence of Mixers on Dry Dispersion of Nanoparticles in the Cementitious Composites

Nanomaterials are gaining prominence in industries such as construction and medicine. Several parameters like durability and early strength development can be enhanced through the incorporation of nanomaterials into cementitious composites. The major challenge is to achieve uniform dispersion of nanomaterials within the composite’s matrix. The present study is an interdisciplinary research which combines concrete technology and nanotechnology with powder technology to develop a blended binary mixture in powder form with uniform dispersion of nano-silica (NS) as the active ingredient with the cement as the primary ingredient. The fundamental idea of this research is to understand the influence of mixers on the mixing pattern and the dead zones. For this purpose, the powder blending in conical mixer and mortar mixer were simulated using discrete element method (DEM) based software and it was capable predicting the mixing pattern and dead zones of the mixers.

Advances in Incorporation of Nanomaterials Onto Fabrics

Textile is a necessary commodity and is of paramount importance in a variety of areas. The properties of textiles can be further enhanced and the horizon of their applications can be broadened by the incorporation of nanoparticles using nanotechnology. Nanoproducts ranging from nanofibers, nanocomposite fibers, and intelligent polymeric nanocoatings are frequently incorporated in conventional textiles to provide improved performance and new functionality. Nanocoatings offer numerous specific properties like antimicrobial, wrinkle resistance, and protection against UV radiations. These properties lead to a variety of textile applications, including medicinal textiles and sportswear. In the COVID-19 pandemic situation, nanotechnology has paved the way for need-based customization, such as antiviral masks, PPE kits, etc. This paper provides an overview of the nanomaterials suitable for textile industry, enhancement in the properties of fabrics due to incorporation of nanomaterials, advantages, disadvantages, and a few applications.