Incorporation Of Glass Fiber Research Articles

Force‐Deformation Study on Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slab Incorporating Waste Paper

This study inspects the viability of engaging the discarded paper wastes in concrete by varying the volume proportions from 0%–20% with each 5% increment in replacement of the weight of cement. A physiomechanical study was conducted, and the results were presented. A glass fiber reinforced rectangular slab with a longer span (ly) to shorter span (lx) ratio of (ly: lx) 1.16 was cast with optimum replacement of waste‐paper mass and compared the force‐deformation characteristics with the conventional concrete slab without waste paper. The optimum percentage of discarded papers for the replacement of cement is 5%. Also, the results imply that the compressive strength at the age of 28 days is 30% improved for the optimum replacement. Based on the outcomes of the investigation, it can be inferred that the compressive strength gets progressively reduced if the volume of the discarded paper gets increases. The incorporation of glass fibers improves the split and flexural strength of the concrete specimens considerably. The ultimate load‐carrying capacity of the glass fiber reinforced waste paper incorporated concrete slab measured 42% lower than that of the conventional slab. However, development of the new type of concrete incorporating waste papers is the new trend in ensuring the sustainability of construction materials.

Comparitive Evaluation of Inlay Retained and Surface Retained Resin Bonded Fixed Partial Dentures

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical success rate of inlay and surface retained RB-FPDs fabricated with fiber reinforced composite. Material and Methods: This study was performed in Prosthodontic department de`Montmorency college of dentistry. 172 RB-FPDs were completed with two preparation designs having 86 cases in each design (inlay retained and surface retained). Restorations were done on patients for single missing molar surrounded by sound, healthy and well aligned abutments. RB-FPDs were fabricated in zirconium silicate based indirect composite (ceramage) with incorporation of glass fibers (Everstick C&B). Follow up was done after every six months till 18 months. Complications (fracture, debonding, and dislodgment or abutment tooth caries) developed during follow up were recorded and analyzed through SPSS version 17. Results: Overall success rate of 76.9% was observed in both designs of RB-FPDs. P value of 0.190 showed insignificant statistical differences in success rate of two designs however there was a trend towards better performance of inlay retained RBFPDs. Fracture of the framework was most prevalent mode of failure followed by debonding of the restoration. Conclusion: The fiber reinforced RB-FPD is a viable treatment option for replacement of single missing posterior tooth. Keywords: Maryland Bridge, Resin bonded bridges, Resin bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs), Minimum preparation bridges

Recycle Demolish Structure Concrete as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete with Incorporation of Glass Fiber

Waste recycling is an option to mitigate the environmental impact resulting from the significant amount of debris generated by the productive activities of the construction. Thus, the aim of the research work to evaluate the use of Recycled Coarse aggregates (RCA) instead of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete ingredients with 30 MPa compressive strength. The experimental program began with the physical and particle size characterization of the Recycled Coarse aggregates (RCA), and subsequent comparison with the properties of the natural coarse aggregate (NCA). Based on the knowledge of these properties, the production stage began of concretes. Different procedures and literature have been studied in order to achieve the strength of concrete up to 30Mpa by incorporated glass fiber (2 % by addition of cement). It was also the influence of the use of different contents (0, 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100%) of Substitution of natural coarse aggregate by the recycled coarse concrete aggregate in the properties of the fresh and hardened state of concrete. Regarding the strength, parameters increased gradually proportional to the amount of RCA in the concrete from 10 to 20% and decrease strength to the amount of RCA in the concrete from 50 to 100% Substitution of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete

Synergistic effect of glass bead and glass fiber on the crystalline structure, thermal stability, and mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polyamide 6 composites

The effect of filler amount and kind on the crystalline structure, thermal stability, and mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied in this research. Glass bead and glass fiber were chosen as mineral fillers. They were incorporated to PA6 solely or in mixed formulations at different proportions (hybrid composites). Tensile strain, tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strain, flexural strength, melt flow index, crystallite size, and thermal degradation parameters were determined for all composites. The addition of glass bead or glass fiber increased the brittleness of pure PA6. The incorporation of glass fiber to pure PA6 improved flexural, impact, and tensile strengths, and mixing of glass bead with pure PA6 polymer caused deterioration of both (tensile and flexural) strengths, but enhanced impact strength. Among hybrid composites, the highest flexural, tensile, and impact strength values were achieved with 15 wt% glass bead and 15 wt% glass fiber content. The addition of glass bead and/or glass fiber to PA6 polymer caused a decrement in melt flow index value. X-ray diffraction results indicated that pure PA6 polymer had α- and γ-crystalline forms, and the reinforcement of glass bead or glass fiber would induce the crystallization into γ-form. It was also found that the incorporation of glass bead or glass fiber influenced the lamellar thickness, and pure PA6 gave thicker lamellar crystal than that of glass bead/fiber-reinforced PA6 and its hybrid composites. Higher thermal stability with glass bead or glass fiber incorporation was found as compared to pure PA6 polymer.

Mechanical and microstructural properties of recycling granite residual soil reinforced with glass fiber and liquid-modified polyvinyl alcohol polymer

Glass fiber and liquid-modified polyvinyl alcohol polymer (SH Polymer) are used to reinforce granite residual soil. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests and drop-weight tests were used to study the microscopic interaction mechanism and impact resistance of granite residual soil specimens reinforced by glass fiber and SH Polymer. Combined with the equivalent confining pressure theory, Mohr-Coulomb intensity lines were used to quantitatively analyze the reinforcement effect of glass fiber. The SEM results showed that the granite residual soil solidified by a 3.5 % SH polymer had a tighter bond between the flake clay particles. In addition, with the incorporation of glass fiber, these flake clay particles were cemented on the glass fiber along the long axis, forming a cementing system of flake clay particles and glass fiber. When the glass fiber content was 3.0 %, the impact resistance of the specimen reached its maximum, 32.16 kN. Using the equivalent confining pressure theory, the reinforcement effect of glass fiber on soil could be quantified by Δσ3.

Mechanical Properties of Graphene Reinforced Abaca Fiber Composites

The main aim of this research work is to study the mechanical properties of abaca natural fiber composite reinforced with graphene. Natural fiber composites seek a numerous application nowadays due to its high strength is to weight ratio, high impact resistance, thermal stability, and recyclability. The percentage compositions of graphene reinforcement in the matrix are varied. Alkali treatment of abaca fiber is done to enhance bonding at the fiber-matrix interface. Conventional hand layup method is used for fabrication of the composite material. Moulds were made according to ASTM standard to test its tensile properties. The result showed that incorporation of glass fiber increases the performance of abaca fiber composites. Natural fiber composites have many potential applications in the automotive, aerospace and construction industries.

Effect of Glass Fibers on the Mechanical Behavior as Well as Energy Absorption Capacity and Toughness Indices of Concrete Bridge Decks

In this study, the incorporation of glass fibers in concrete bridge decks has been studied for improving its mechanical properties as well as energy absorption capacity and toughness indices. The mix proportion of 1:3:2 (cement:sand:aggregate) was selected having water-cement ratio of 0.71. For the manufacturing of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC), the glass fibers (2-inch) were incorporated at a percentage level of 1 %, 2 %, 3 % and 4 % by weight of cement in concrete mixes. The findings reveal that the split-tensile and flexural strength of GFRC increases at all the percentage levels, however, the compressive strength of the blended mixes get reduced by increasing the dosage of glass fibers in the concrete. Besides, the energy absorption and toughness indices are also studied for different types of loadings (i.e. compressive, splitting-tensile and flexural loadings) up to a percentage level of 4 %. The findings reveal that the split-tensile and flexural energy absorption was increased with the increase in the dosage of glass fibers in comparison with the conventional concrete mixes, however, the compressive energy absorption of the blended mixes get reduced by increasing the dosage of glass fibers in the concrete. Whereas, the toughness indices for compressive, spilt-tensile and flexure was increased while increasing the percentage of glass fibers as compared to the conventional concrete. Among the different percentages of glass fibers, its 4 % addition gives better results as compared to 1 %, 2 % and 3 %. Hence, the 4 % of GF can be suggested to be the optimum percentage of the fibers for the selected mix-design in controlling the resistance of concrete in the bridge decks. Although, the energy absorption of GFRC is lesser in comparison with the toughness indices, GFRC are appropriate for enhancing ductility and resistance against loadings in concrete bridge decks.

Effect of Reinforced Glass Fibre on the Mechanical Properties of Polyamide

The aim of this study is to enhance the tensile and flexural strength of polyamide (nylon 6, 6) by incorporation of glass fibre. Nylon has high elasticity, strength, toughness and maintain mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. The method employed for enhancement of properties is by the reinforcement of glass fibre. Glass fibre is the most extensively used reinforcement material. It is a lightweight, extremely solid, durable, low cost material that moderafly stiff. The composition of glass fibre was kept at 0 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% in nylon 6,6 blend. Initially, samples were manufactured by injection molding of nylon 6,6 and glass fibre. The pressure and velocity profiles at 0 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% reinforced nylon 6,6 are also compared. The samples thus formed were checked for shrinkage. The samples were tested for their tensile and flexural properties. The mechanical properties of polyamide (nylon 6,6) significantly improves by increasing glass fibre reinforcement.
 

Estimation of Fatigue Strength of Reinforced Complete Upper Denture Using a Newly Designed Testing Machine: A Laboratory Research Project

In the present study, an aero pneumatic fatigue testing machine for complete dentures was designed, fabricated, and tested for the evaluation of the fatigue life of reinforced complete upper denture (CUD). On completion and testing, it was observed that the machine has the potential of generating reliable number of cyclic data. The machine’s performance was evaluated using test specimens of identical CUDs that were machined in conformity with standard procedures. The fatigue machine compressed the lower dental arch over the upper denture-specimen in centric occlusion, in the same way that the two masticatory muscles pull the lower jaw over the upper jaw during chewing. The incorporation of glass fibres into the CUD using a sandwich technique quadruples the lifespan of the denture (P = 0.004). The low standard deviation, along with the low coefficient of variation (CV) of the group of unreinforced dentures shows the repeatability of the results and the reliability of the machine. The high standard deviation and coefficient of variation of reinforced dentures was expected, since a high variation of results is usually recorded in fibre reinforcement cases. This research confirmed the view that the crack during denture fracture initiates in the anterior palatal area and propagates to the posterior.

Effect of recycled aggregate and flyash on glass fiber reinforced concrete

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate fresh properties and mechanical characteristics of Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GR) containing Recycled aggregate and Fly Ash. It was utilized to replace Ordinary Portland Cement material at different percentages of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. Glass fibers (6 mm length) have been incorporated in two different volume fractions of 0.5 and 1%. Experimental results proved that the addition of flyash in concrete mixes decreased compressive strength test results at early ages; on the other hand, strength increased at later ages with reference mixes. The replacement of flyash also showed decreased sorptivity, water absorption value, and increased acid resistance compared to control mixes. incorporation of glass fiber improved compressive strength test results of GR; however, fiber inclusion decreased fresh properties of GR mixes. Besides, Scanning Electronic Microscopic analysis studies of GR with optimum fiber content and flyash recommended development of C-S-H gel and cementitious compounds as an effect of reaction between flyash, recycled aggregate, and cement. experimental results showed that utilization of concrete prepared with flyash and recycled aggregate is more suitable for sustainable construction & green concrete block production industry beyond economic benefits.

Effect of reinforcing heat cured acrylic resin denture base with silanated and non-silanated glass fiber on some of its mechanical properties.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reinforcing heat cured acrylic resin denture base with silanated and non-silanated glass fiber on some of its mechanical properties (impact strength and flexural strength). Material and Methods: A total number of 140 specimens were used in this study. The specimens were divided into three groups, heat cured acrylic resin (HCAR) 20 specimens (control group), HCAR reinforced with glass fiber (60 specimens’ group I), and HCAR reinforced with silanated glass fiber (60 specimens’ group II). Then group I and group II was divided into three sub-groups according to the percentage of glass fiber incorporation {(5% by weight, 10% by weight and 15% by weight. Each sub group consists of 10 specimens for each test. Following A.D.A. specification No 12 for denture base polymers. wax patterns of specimens were prepared with different dimensions for every test Impact strength was tested by Charpy’s impact testing machine, while Flexural Strength Test was performed using Nexygen from Lloyd Instruments.Results: reinforcing heat cured acrylic resin denture base with 5% glass fiber with and without silane coupling agent will increase impact and flexural strength mean values significantly.Conclusion: reinforcing heat cured acrylic resin denture base with glass Fiber within limit with or without saline coupling agent will improve its impact and flexural strength values.

Exploratory Study on Incorporating Glass FRP Reinforcement to Control Damage in Steel-Reinforced Concrete Bridge Pier Walls

Abstract The need to demonstrate that a steel-reinforced concrete bridge pier wall resilient to strong earthquakes could be attained by the incorporation of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) re...

Study on Flexural Properties of Lotus, Eucalyptus Composites Reinforced with Epoxy and E-glass Fibers in Different Orientations

ABSTRACT This paper is aimed to compare the flexural strength of composites made of each eucalyptus and lotus natural fibers reinforced with epoxy-hardener. Specimens were prepared in a mold by filling it with alkali (NaOH) treated fibers in criss-cross, biaxial, and uniaxial orientation. Half of the specimens were made with the inclusion of E-glass fiber to study its influence in the mechanical properties of composites prepared. All specimens were made by a typical hand lay-up technique succeeded by the soft compression method. The results from both fibers showed that the maximum flexural strength is shown in uniaxial arrangement whereas the minimum in the biaxial arrangement. However, the flexural strength of composites was increased by the incorporation of glass fiber. Further, the surface morphology at the cross-sections of specimens was studied using a scanning electron microscope.

A step towards durable, ductile and sustainable concrete: Simultaneous incorporation of recycled aggregates, glass fiber and fly ash

High carbon footprint and low tensile strength are two of the major drawbacks of plain cement concrete (PC). Simultaneous incorporation of recycled materials and fiber-reinforcements in concrete may help to overcome these issues. In this research paper, a novel method is proposed to enhance the mechanical and durability performance of RAC by combined incorporation of glass fiber (GF) and fly ash (FA). In this study, various properties of concrete mixes are evaluated such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption, chloride penetration, and acid attack resistance. It is found that the individual incorporation of GF improves the overall mechanical performance and acid attack resistance of RAC. The use of GF upgrades the mechanical performance of RAC, but it also increases the water absorption and chloride penetration. FA not only improves the later age mechanical properties, but also helps in minimizing the loss in durability due to incorporation of both GF and RCA. FA improves the bond between GF and binder matrix, therefore, GF-reinforced mixes (GFRC) incorporating FA exhibit more net gain in mechanical strength than GFRC mixes without FA. Composite addition of GF and FA can help in manufacturing more durable, ductile and sustainable RAC.

Effect of Silanized and Non-silanized Glass Fiber on Water Sorption, Solubility and Roughness of Heat Cured Acrylic Prosthodontic and Orthodontic Appliances

water sorption, solubility and roughness are undesirable characteristics of heat cured acrylic resin. Aim of the study: to evaluate water sorption, solubility and roughness of heat cured acrylic resin reinforced with silanized and non silanized glass fiber(5 wt%,10 wt % &15 wt %) Water sorption, solubility and roughness were tested according to International Standards Organization specification No. 20795-1:2013. Materials and Methods: A total of 210 samples were used in this study. group I (Control group) conventional heat cured acrylic resin Group II: HCAR reinforced with glass fiber and Group III: HCAR reinforced with silanized glass fiber). Group II and Group III were divided into 3 sub-groups according to percentage of glass fiber incorporation (5 %,10 % ,15 % ) by weight. Results; The highest value of water sorption was recorded for control group; while the lowest water sorption mean value was recorded for 5% non-silanized glass fiber reinforced group The highest roughness value was for control group, while the lowest roughness mean value was recorded for15% silanized glass fiber reinforced group. The difference between fiber reinforced experimental and control groups was statistically significant as indicated by one-way ANOVA test p value =

Study on in-situ modification of poly-dopamine on glass fibers and its effect on shrinkage performance of cement materials

Cement-based materials are one of the essential construction materials that had been widely used in infrastructure and facilities. However, it experienced shrinkage problems, which led to the cracking of concrete buildings and deterioration of the durability. The incorporation of glass fibers can improve the shrinkage resistance of cement materials by enhancing the interface between cement and fiber. Aiming at improving the shrinkage resistance of cement, in this study, glass fibers were in-situ modified with poly-dopamine in aqueous solution. The effect of dopamine hydrochloride concentration and the pH of the solution were investigated with the optimal condition attained to be 2×10−3 g/ml and 8.5, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS) were utilized for the characterization of as-prepared poly-dopamine modified glass fibers. Subsequently, as-prepared and untreated glass fibers were mixed with cement at varied volume fraction and water-cement ratio for the study of shrinkage performance. The glass fiber-reinforced cement had a lower shrinkage than cement without glass fibers. Compared with the cement without glass fibers, when the water-cement ratio was 0.4 and the volume content of in-situ modified glass fibers of poly-dopamine was 7%, the reduction in 28-day shrinkage of poly-dopamine in-situ modified glass fiber-reinforced cement was large extent, reducing by 42%. The shrinkage resistance performance of in-situ modified glass fibers reinforced cement with poly-dopamine was better than that of untreated glass fibers. In short, this work developed novel approach for in-situ modification of glass fibers and found a new path to improve the shrinkage resistance of cement material.

Flexural, Tensile and Compressibility Behavior of Self Compacting Concrete by using Glass Fibers

Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete” (FRSCC) is composed of cement, different sizes of coarse and fine aggregates, which integrate with fiber. In this current investigation, M40 grade Self Compacting Concrete reinforced with glass fibers has been developed using the Nan Su method. Fresh state and hardened state properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Self Compaction Concrete are studied for glass fibers of different aspect ratio (875, 1285 & 1714) and percentage of volume fraction (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 & 1). From the investigation carried out it is found that incorporation of glass fibers of aspect ratio 1285 and percentage of volume fraction 0.5 to SCC attains better compressive and flexural strength compared to other mixtures and also incorporation of glass fibers of aspect ratio 1285 and percentage of volume fraction 0.75 to SCC attains better split tensile strength compared to other mixtures.

Quasi and dynamic impact performance of hybrid cross-ply banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composites

Natural fibres has been in demand as a replacement of synthetic fibres. However, natural fibres have disadvantages such as low mechanical properties compared to synthetic fibres, weak matrix to fibre adhesion and low thermal stability. Therefore, using natural fibres as a single reinforcement is inadequate to satisfy the technical needs of the composite. Hybridisation between natural and synthetic fibres can enhance the properties by taking the advantages of each of the individual fibres. This paper presents the hybridisation effect between banana and glass fibre. The low-velocity impact performance of hybrid cross-ply banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composites were investigated and compared with quasi static indentation. Four types of stacking sequences composites were manufactured using hot compression moulding method, and the test was carried out according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6264 for quasi-static indentation and ASTM D7136 for low-velocity impact. The results revealed that the incorporation of glass fibre in banana fibre reinforced composite leads to higher energy absorption and improved the overall impact performance.

Flexural properties of areca nut, sunn hemp and e-glass fibers reinforced with epoxy composites

In this paper, areca nut composites and sunn hemp composites were prepared and subjected to flexural testing. The fibers in the composites were arranged in uniaxial, biaxial and criss-cross orientations. Further, these composites were incorporated with glass fibers. Comparisons were made based on fiber-orientation and glass fiber incorporation. The fibers were treated with alkali, i.e., sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to get better surface bonding between the fibers and the matrix. The composite specimens were prepared by the traditional hand lay-up technique followed by a soft compression molding technique with the help of epoxy and hardener. The results showed that the flexural strength was the most for uniaxial arrangement and the least for biaxial arrangement in case of both the types of fiber composites. On the other hand, glass fiber incorporation increased the flexural strength of the areca nut fiber composites while it reduced the strength of the Sunn hemp fiber composites.

Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of cross-ply hybrid pseudo- stem banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composite

The initiative to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources increases the awareness of being green in composites. The synthetic fibres are currently substituted by natural fibres applicable in various industries such as automotive and building. In this study, the effects of water absorption on the tensile and flexural properties of cross-ply hybrid pseudo-stem banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composites are investigated. The hybrid banana (B)/glass (G) polypropylene composites and the reference specimens of the non-hybrid composites of the plain banana and glass fibres termed the BBB and GGG specimens were fabricated using hot compression moulding method. Water absorption test was conducted according to ASTM D570 until the specimens reached saturation. Tensile (ASTM D3039) and flexural (ASTM D790) test were carried out on the dry specimens as well as the wetted specimens. It can be observed that non-hybrid GGG has the best water absorption properties and hybrid specimen with glass as outermost skin shows a comparable result. However, water absorption reduced the mechanical properties of the composites. The incorporation of glass fibre in the composites improved overall properties of the composites. The hybrid GBG dry specimen tensile strength and wet specimen flexural strength is 136.28 and 73.86 MPa respectively. The hybrid composite GBG shows comparable flexural properties to GGG composite.