Incorporation Of Fe3O4 Research Articles

Curing epoxy with electrochemically synthesized GdxFe3-xO4 magnetic nanoparticles

In this work, supermagnetic lanthanide-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through electrodeposition method by partial doping in gadolinium (Gd) to be intended in the near future in developing oxidation-resistant epoxy-based coatings. Partial substitution of Fe3+ ions in Fe3O4 by Gd3+ lanthanide cations was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were employed to evaluate particle size distribution and magnetic nature of the nanoparticles, respectively. Low-filled nanocomposites containing 0.1 wt.% of Fe3O4 and Gd3+-doped Fe3O4 were prepared and their curing ability was assessed in terms of qualitative measurements on network formation by the use of Cure Index. Having a wide range of curing behavior led to development of Poor, Good, and Excellent cured coatings depending on nanoparticle bulk composition and heating rate applied in the nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Overall, incorporation of Fe3O4 into epoxy decreased exothermic heat release of epoxy, while Gd3+-doped nanoparticles facilitated curing reaction between epoxy and aliphatic amine curing agent. Moreover, glass transition temperature of the prepared nanocomposites decreased compared to the blank epoxy. The developed epoxy/lanthanide-doped Fe3O4 nanocomposites are potential candidates for developing oxidation-resistant coatings thanks to the presence of Gd3+ cations.

Synergistic therapy of magnetism-responsive hydrogel for soft tissue injuries

Soft tissue injury is very common and associated with pain, tissue swelling and even malformation if not treated on time. Treating methods include cryotherapy, electrical therapy, ultrasound therapy and anti-inflammatory drug, but none of them is completely satisfying. In this work, for a better therapeutic effect, drug therapy and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy were combined. We constructed a drug delivery system using the tetra-PEG/agar hydrogel (PA). By incorporating Fe3O4 NPs into the hydrogel network, a magnetism-responsive property was achieved in the system. The cytotoxicity and in vivo study showed a good biocompatibility of the PA/Fe3O4 hydrogel. A magnetism-controlled release was attained by the incorporation of Fe3O4. Finally, in vivo study showed a better performance of the DS-loaded PA/Fe3O4 compared with the commercially available DS ointment regarding the recovery of the injured soft tissue. Therefore, this magnetism-responsive hydrogel may represent a promising alternative to treat soft tissue injury.

Construction of a TiO2–Fe3O4‐decorated molecularly imprinted polymer nanocomposite for tartrazine degradation: Response surface methodology modeling and optimization

We synthesized a novel recoverable and reusable photocatalyst system for tartrazine degradation by one‐step incorporation of Fe3O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles into a molecularly imprinted polymer through a facile precipitation polymerization method. The as‐prepared samples were systematically characterized using X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Benefiting from the positive synergistic effect, tartrazine was almost completely degraded under UV‐C within 180 min by the multicomponent photocatalyst (Fe3O4 + TiO2 + MIP) in comparison with far fewer activities by the corresponding NIP system and the nonmagnetic and bare structures. On the other hand, the central composite design in response surface methodology was applied to optimize the tartrazine photocatalytic degradation process. Twenty experiments were conducted by adjusting three parameters (nanocomposite dosage, initial pH of the reaction solution, and initial dye concentration) in the multiple variable analysis method. A satisfactory correlation between the experimental and predicted values was obtained (R2 = 0.956). Additionally, ANOVA analysis with a p value of 1.15 × 10–5 indicated that the model terms are highly significant. Under the determined optimum conditions, a verification experiment was conducted and shown the adequately approximate value between the predicted (99%) and the experimental (97%) results, which confirmed the validity of the model.

Fe3O4-CoPx Nanoflowers Vertically Grown on TiN Nanoarrays as Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting

Development of efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is an attractive and challenging task. Here, we present a simple one-step electrodeposition for the synthesis of ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) decorated cobalt monophosphide (CoPx) nanoflowers formed on titanium nitride (TiN) nanoarrays. Accompanied with the TiN nanoarrays as a support, the synthesized Fe3O4–CoPx/TiN exhibits an excellent activity with an onset potential of 50 mV as well as superior stability even after 100 h for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Besides, the Fe3O4–CoPx/TiN composite delivers a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at a low overpotential of 331 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which outperforms the Ir-based noble-metal catalysts. Remarkable activities for HER and OER are ascribed to the synergetic effects among each component and the reinforced structural stability. Specifically, the incorporation of Fe3O4 into phosphide promotes the electron donor–acceptor properties during the catalytic progress that lead...

Crystallization behavior of polylactide matrix under the influence of nano‐magnetite

Iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe3O4) has gained remarkable research interest for various applications, from environmental to biological, because of its superparamagnetic properties and good biocompatibility. In this work, the nucleation effect of Fe3O4 in a polylactide (PLA) matrix under an influence of an alternating magnetic field was studied. The nanocomposite films that is, containing different concentrations of Fe3O4 (~8 nm) which were uniformly dispersed in the PLA matrix, were prepared via a solution casting method. The amplitude and frequency of the magnetic field impose great effects on the morphology and nucleation rate of PLA crystallization. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the thermal stability of Fe3O4/PLA and it showed that the thermal stability of Fe3O4/PLA was affected by the Fe3O4 content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffractometry indicated that Fe3O4 shows impeding effect to the crystallization of PLA. Based on the differential scanning calorimetry results, composite with 1% of Fe3O4 content could promote the crystallization of PLA but it would become an obstacle when 3% of Fe3O4 was added. The result of polarized optical microscopy also showed a good agreement that the incorporation of Fe3O4 could act as an effective nucleation regent to the composite film. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:608–615, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

PVDF/PS/HDPE/MWCNTs/Fe3O4 nanocomposites: Effective and lightweight electromagnetic interference shielding material through the synergetic effect of MWCNTs and Fe3O4 nanoparticles

In this work, Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)/polystyrene (PS)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) ternary blends displayed a core-shell structure where HDPE was the core, PS was the shell, and this core-shell system dispersed in PVDF matrix. Here, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) was incorporated. F-F composites with MWCNTs was in PS shell and Fe3O4 was in PVDF matrix and E-F composites with MWCNTs was in PS shell and Fe3O4 was in HDPE core were fabricated by melt blending. It was indicated that the core-shell morphology between PS and HDPE was well retained with the incorporation of Fe3O4 and MWCNTs. Both the electrical conductivity of F-F and E-F composites were similar without no obvious change with the incorporation of Fe3O4. Composites with greater than 20 dB shielding effectiveness were easy to obtain. The highest SE we observed was for the F-F composite with 1 vol% Fe3O4 and 1 vol% MWCNTs was 25 dB at 9.5 GHz, and the SE was over 20 dB in the whole measured frequency(X-band). The E-F composites with SE greater than 20 dB in X-band was at 2 vol% Fe3O4 and 1 vol% MWNCTs. Such effective and lightweight nanocomposites were obtained, resulting from the synergetic effect of MWCNTs and Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

Improving Photocatalytic Performance in Degradation of Methylene Blue using Magnetite Fe-doped ZnO/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite

In this work, we have successfully synthesized Fe:ZnO/Montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite with various loading of magnetite (Fe3O4) using co-precipitation method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by some measurements such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Burneur-Emment-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD result shows that the diffraction pattern of nanocomposites exhibit characteristic from hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and cubical spinel structure of Fe3O4. However, the diffraction pattern from MMT could not be detected using XRD measurement. The presence of MMT in the nanocomposite was further confirmed in the FTIR spectra. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of the samples was also checked for degrading methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation. The result shows that incorporation of Fe3O4 in Fe:ZnO/MMT has better photocatalytic efficiency than Fe:ZnO/MMT alone. Stability of the nanocomposites was also monitored after several cycle processes.

Construction of magnetic-targeted and NIR irradiation-controlled drug delivery platform with Fe3O4@Au@SiO2 nanospheres

Near-infrared (NIR) light has great potential in biomedical applications due to its advantages of deep penetration depth and low photodamage to biological tissues. In this paper, we constructed a novel core-shell structured drug nanocarrier, Fe3O4@Au@SiO2, for the controlled delivery of etoposide (VP16), a chemotherapeutic drug for cancer patients. The novel core-shell structured drug delivery platform is composed of a mesoporous silica shell and a magnetic Fe3O4 core using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the interlayer, which is characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and the magnetic measurements with vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). The synergistic effects of AuNPs, mesoporous silica and Fe3O4 make the core-shell structured nanocomposites an excellent candidate for targeted and NIR light irradiation-controlled drug delivery. For the proposed nanocarrier of VP16, the mesopores in silica can enhance the encapsulation capacity of the nanocarrier and the AuNPs can effectively convert the NIR light into heat to speed up the drug deliver; meanwhile, the incorporation of Fe3O4 with high magnetization to the drug delivery platform realize drug targeting under an applied external magnetic field.

Fast ultrasound assisted synthesis of chitosan-based magnetite nanocomposites as a modified electrode sensor

Chitosan-based magnetite nanocomposites were synthesized using a versatile ultrasound assisted in situ method involving one quick step. This synthetic route approach results in the formation of spheroidal nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with average diameter between 10 and 24nm, which were found to be superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization (Ms) ranges from 32–57emug−1, depending on the concentration. The incorporation of Fe3O4 into chitosan matrix was also confirmed by FTIR and TG techniques. This hybrid nanocomposite has the potential application as electrochemical sensors, since the electrochemical signal was excepitionally stable. In addition, the in situ strategy proposed in this work allowed us to synthesize the nanocomposite system in a short time, around 2min of time-consuming, showing great potential to replace convencional methods. Herein, the procedure will permit a further diversity of applications into nanocomposite materials engineering.

Ionic liquid mediated synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-block-methyl methacrylate)/Fe3O4 core–shell structured nanocomposite by ATRP method

A hybrid nanocomposite of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PHEMA-b-PMMA) was synthesized successfully by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6). Fe3O4 nanoparticles were first surface-modified with the initiator, 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BiBBr), in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, which produced the macro-initiator, Fe3O4-BiB, to initiate the polymerization reactions for the synthesis of the block polymer, PHEMA-b-PMMA. After immobilizing the initiator on the surface of Fe3O4, the block polymer chains were grafted successfully onto the Fe3O4 surface, causing the formation of a core-shell nanostructure. The incorporation of Fe3O4 in the nanocomposite was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability and magnetic properties increased with increasing amount of Fe3O4 in the nanocomposite.

One-step facile synthesis of mesoporous graphene/Fe3O4/chitosan nanocomposite and its adsorption capacity for a textile dye

Hierarchical mesoporous graphene@Fe3O4@chitosan hybrids were prepared by a one-step facile solvothermal method. SEM and TEM pictures showed that the Fe3O4@chitosan nanoparticles were well dispersed on the graphene matrix. The incorporation of Fe3O4 in the nanocomposite was confirmed by FT-IR and XRD. The adsorption behavior of the as-prepared composite to methylene blue was conducted, where the effect of the adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, dye concentration, and recyclability were studied. The composite exhibited rapid adsorption, high capacity, and easy separation and reuse owing to the mesoporous nature of graphene sheets and Fe3O4@chitosan nanoparticles, as well as to the magnetic property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adsorption capacity could reach 98% within a contact time of 5min at pH 9 and an initial dye concentration of 25mgL−1.

Bio‐based hyperbranched polyurethane/Fe3O4 nanocomposites as shape memory materials

The bio‐based shape memory polymers have generated immense interest as advanced smart materials. Mesua ferrea L. seed oil‐based hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU)/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were prepared by the in‐situ polymerization technique. The transmission electron microscopy confirmed the homogeneous distribution of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles in polymer matrix, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study revealed the presence of strong interfacial interactions between them. The incorporation of Fe3O4 (0 to 10 wt%) into the HBPU resulted in an increase in tensile strength (5.5–15 MPa) and scratch resistance (3–6 kg). The thermo‐gravimetric analysis indicated the improvement of thermal stability (240–270°C) of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites exhibited full shape fixity, as well as almost full shape recovery under the microwave stimulus. The shape recovery speed increased with the increase of Fe3O4 nanoparticles content in the nanocomposites. Thus, the studied nanocomposites might be used as advanced shape memory materials in different potential fields. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bio-based hyperbranched polyurethane/Fe3O4 nanocomposites: smart antibacterial biomaterials for biomedical devices and implants

The fabrication of a smart magnetically controllable bio-based polymeric nanocomposite (NC) has immense potential in the biomedical domain. In this context, magneto-thermoresponsive sunflower oil modified hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU)/Fe3O4 NCs with different wt.% of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by an in situ polymerization technique. Fourier-transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetric were used to analyze various physico-chemical structural attributes of the prepared NC. The results showed good interfacial interactions between HBPU and well-dispersed superparamagnetic Fe3O4, with an average diameter of 7.65 nm. The incorporation of Fe3O4 in HBPU significantly improved the thermo-mechanical properties along with the shape-memory behavior, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility as well as biodegradability in comparison to the pristine system. The cytocompatibility of the degraded products of the NC was also verified by in vitro hemolytic activity and MTT assay. In addition, the in vivo biocompatibility and non-immunological behavior, as tested in Wistar rats after subcutaneous implantation, show promising signs for the NC to be used as antibacterial biomaterial for biomedical device and implant applications.

Supercritical fluid mediated synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/Fe3O4 hybrid nanocomposite

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4) hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized by dispersion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using a copolymeric stabilizer, poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-1H,1H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA-co-PFOMA). Fe3O4 nanoparticles were first surface-modified with a silane coupling agent methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), which provides a reactive CC bond and can copolymerize with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). After immobilization of the silane coupling agent, polymer chains were successfully grafted onto the surface of Fe3O4, resulting in the formation of core–shell nanostructure. FE-TEM pictures showed that the nanoparticles were well dispersed in the polymer matrix. The incorporation of Fe3O4 in the nanocomposite was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and XPS. Thermal stability and magnetic property increase with the increasing amount of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the composite. This new environmentally benign green synthetic route may offer advantages of easy separation and solvent removal.

Nanostructured Materials with Conducting and Magnetic Properties: Preparation of Magnetite/Conducting Copolymer Hybrid Nanocomposites by Ultrasonic Irradiation

Conducting copolymer poly(aniline-co-p-phenylenediamine) [poly(Ani-co-pPD)] and surface-modified magnetite (Fe3O4) composites were synthesized by ultrasonically-assisted chemical oxidative polymerization. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were surface-modified with silane coupling agent methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in order that they would be well dispersed for the reaction process. It was also found that the aggregation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be reduced under ultrasonic irradiation. TEM analysis confirmed that the resulting poly(Ani-co-pPD)/Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed core–shell morphology, in which Fe3O4 nanoparticles were well dispersed. The incorporation of Fe3O4 in the nanocomposites was endorsed by FT-IR. The nanocomposites were also confirmed by UV-visible, TGA and XRD. Conductivity of the nanocomposites was found to be in the range of 7.02 × 10−4–6.54 × 10−6 S/cm. Higher saturated magnetization of 12 emu/g was observed for composite with 20% Fe3O4.