Incorporating Titanium Dioxide Research Articles

A novel sustainable wood-based negative air anion generator utilizing in-situ polymerization of polylactic acid to reinforce the cellulose framework

The generation of negative air ions (NAI) by furniture contributes to indoor air purification and enhances the living environment. However, commercially available furniture typically relies on surface coatings to release NAI. Over time, the degradation of these coatings leads to a significant decline in NAI release performance, presenting a persistent challenge for sustained effectiveness. Here, a novel sustainable wood-based negative air anion generator (SWNG) had been developed, utilizing a cellulose framework as the substrate. The in-situ synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) within the wood incorporated titanium dioxide (TiO2), tourmaline (TL), and cellulose acetate, firmly anchoring these materials within the wood structure. Compared to the cellulose framework alone, the NAI production of the SWNG had increased by 406.67 %. The impregnation with PLA enhanced the enduring photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and TL in this innovative wooden NAI generator. After undergoing 200 cycles of testing between −40 °C and 50 °C, it continued to sustain NAI production, demonstrating exceptional antibacterial performance. Overall, this study introduced a novel sustainable wood-based negative air ion generator as a highly stable material with sustainable properties, offering significant potential for applications in improving indoor air quality and in the domain of home construction.

Visible light-activated dye-sensitized TiO2 antibacterial film: A novel strategy for enhancing food safety and quality

Antibacterial packaging holds promise in addressing food spoilage by inactivating bacteria, but current antimicrobial packaging solutions face challenges like depletion of antibacterials and concerns of antibiotic abuse. In response to these limitations of existing packaging materials, we developed a novel antibacterial packaging film by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2)- tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TcPP) conjugates into cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) films. Unlike conventional antimicrobial packaging, this film harnesses visible light energy to excite electrons from TcPP to TiO2, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inactivate bacteria without relying on antibiotics. Results demonstrated that the film reduced 4.5, 4.6, 4.1, and 4.7-log Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Leuconostoc lactis, and Listeria innocua, respectively, in phosphate-buffered saline within 72h under 6000 lux light (3.13mW/cm2). The antimicrobial efficacy decreased as the light intensity decreased. Notably, it retains significant antimicrobial properties even under an extremely low light intensity of 600 lux (0.60mW/cm2). The analysis also revealed that singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide are the major generated ROS from the film under light exposure. When applied to cucumbers, the film reduced E. coli by 3.5 logs after 48-hour light exposure. The designed photocatalytic antibacterial film represents a major advancement in sustainable food preservation, reducing food waste by extending the shelf life of fresh produce.

Polysulfone (Psf) Mixed Matrix Membrane incorporating Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) for the removal of copper

The global increasing contamination of water resources with toxic metals such as copper (Cu), poses severe threats to human health and aqueous ecosystems. Therefore, the ultrafiltration mixed matrix membranes (UF MMMs) possess an applicable approach for the removal of copper ions. This novel fabricated technology can be applied in various wastewater treatment systems for the removal of heavy metals, especially copper. MMMs were fabricated by blending polysulfone (Psf) with additives into the dope solution via the phase inversion method by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in Psf MMMs. Seven Psf MMMs samples labelled M0 to M6, each with its own formulation, were prepared and tested for density, porosity, and degree of Cu retention. MMMs were further characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed the range of the IR spectrum of Psf polymer membrane from 1319 cm-1 to 1600 cm-1, 1650 cm-1 to 3400 cm-1 for PEG, and 800 cm-1 to 3600 cm-1 for TiO2 NPs. As for the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), M6 (Psf/TiO2/PEG 6000) was found to be the most dense and highest porous morphology asymmetric Psf MMM. The retained percentage of Cu and flux for M6 attained the highest value of 80.3% and 136.99 L/m2 .h respectively, whereas for the neat Psf membrane, M0 exhibited the lowest retained percentage of Cu and flux, about 25.8% and 61.64 L/m2.h. The inclusion of pore former and additives has shown an improvement of 54.5% in the copper rejection. Moreover, M6 displayed the highest antifouling properties compared to other Psf MMMSs. This study proves that PEG and TiO2 additives have significant potential to improve membrane performance due to the highest percentage of Cu retained on the surface of the membrane as adsorptive separation on Psf MMMs.

Evaluation of Surface Homogeneity of Poly Methyl Methacrylate Denture Base Resin fabricated by two different methods of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles incorporation - An in vitro Study

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the surface homogeneity of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin fabricated by two different methods of incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs). Settings and Design: In vitro study; qualitative analysis. Materials and Methods: PMMA resin was divided into two groups with 1% of titanium dioxide NPs were added to each group; Group A contained NPs incorporated in the polymer through magnetic stirring for 60 min and Group B contained NPs incorporated in the monomer through ultrasonic dispersion for 60 min. Ten acrylic block samples were fabricated by standard method for each group and then tested for surface homogeneity by scanning electron microscopy analysis for qualitative analysis. Results: Group A showed NPs as defined pale white dots with a consistent distribution pattern and minimal air entrapment. Group B showed NPs agglomerated forming clusters of white dots with flaky sheet-like structures. Conclusion: Magnetic stirring of NPs into polymer showed better surface homogeneity than the ultrasonic dispersion of NPs in monomer. The NP incorporation method plays a role in modifying the surface homogeneity of the acrylic.

Review of the Polymeric Material Composite, Optimization for Industrial Application

Polyethylene, a widely used polymeric material, has garnered attention for its light weight and some properties. This review focuses on high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a type of PE recognized for its strength, durability, and ease of processing. HDPE is synthesized through low-pressure polymerization of ethylene, resulting in a material that is resistant to acids and alkalis, non-toxic, and cost-effective. It is used in various applications, from everyday products to construction and medical devices. However, HDPE's susceptibility to UV-induced ageing limits its outdoor use. To address this, researchers have explored incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) into HDPE, enhancing its UV resistance and mechanical properties. The review paper highlights the potential of HDPE/TiO2 composites for outdoor applications, highlighting the need for further research to optimize these materials for long-term stability and performance. The ongoing research aim to create composites that can resist prolonged UV exposure without degradation, making them suitable for a generous range of industrial uses.

Enhancing Water Purification by Integrating Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes into Polyethersulfone Membranes for Improved Hydrophilicity and Anti-Fouling Performance.

Water pollution remains a critical concern, one necessitated by rapidly increasing industrialization and urbanization. Among the various strategies for water purification, membrane technology stands out, with polyethersulfone (PES) often being the material of choice due to its robust mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. However, PES-based membranes tend to exhibit low hydrophilicity, leading to reduced flux and poor anti-fouling performance. This study addresses these limitations by incorporating titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NTs) into PES nanofiltration membranes to enhance their hydrophilic properties. The TiO2NTs, characterized through FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM, were embedded in PES at varying concentrations using a non-solvent induced phase inversion (NIPS) method. The fabricated mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were subjected to testing for water permeability and solute rejection capabilities. Remarkably, membranes with a 1 wt% TiO2NT loading displayed a significant increase in pure water flux, from 36 to 72 L m2 h-1 bar-1, a 300-fold increase in selectivity compared to the pristine sample, and a dye rejection of 99%. Furthermore, long-term stability tests showed only a slight reduction in permeate flux over a time of 36 h, while dye removal efficiency was maintained, thus confirming the membrane's stability. Anti-fouling tests revealed a 93% flux recovery ratio, indicating excellent resistance to fouling. These results suggest that the inclusion of TiO2 NTs offers a promising avenue for the development of efficient and stable anti-fouling PES-based membranes for water purification.

Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations

The use of rubber aggregates derived from discarded rubber tyres in concrete is a pioneering approach to replacing natural aggregate (NA) and promoting sustainable building practices. Recycled aggregate in concrete serves the dual purpose of alleviating the accumulation of discarded rubber tyres on the planet and providing a more sustainable alternative to decreasing natural aggregate. Due to fact that the crumb rubber (CR) decreases the strength when used in concrete, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a nanomaterial to counteract the decrease in strength of crumb rubber concrete is a potential solution. Response Surface Methodology was developed to generate sixteen RUNs which contains different mix design by providing two input parameters like TiO2 at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by cement weight and CR at 10%, 20%, and 30% as substitutions for volume of sand. These mixtures underwent testing for 28 days to evaluate their mechanical, deformation, and durability properties. Moreover, the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus were recorded by 51.40 MPa, 4.47 MPa, 5.91 MPa, and 40.15 GPa when 1.5% TiO2 and 10% CR were added in rubberised concrete after 28 days respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of TiO2 led to reduced drying shrinkage and sorptivity in rubberized concrete, especially with increased TiO2 content. The study highlights that TiO2 inclusion refines pore size and densifies the interface between cement matrix and aggregate in hardened rubberized concrete. This transformative effect results in rubberized concrete demonstrating a commendable compressive strength comparable to normal concrete.

Characterization of nanocomposite films based on tomato seed mucilage, gelatin and TiO2 nanoparticles

The aim of the present research was to investigate the interaction effect of incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) (0 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %) nanoparticles and manipulating the proportion of tomato seed mucilage (TSM) and gelatin (Ge) (1: 0, 0.33:0.67, 0.67:0.33, and 0:1) on the physical, mechanical, and microbial characteristics of the film. The findings indicated that the incorporation of TiO2 engendered an augmentation in the surface roughness of the film and an elevation in the film's thickness. The mechanical evaluation results revealed that the incorporation of TiO2 into the TSM-Ge films significantly enhanced (p˂0.05) the tensile strength (TS), (up to 300 %), an elevation of Young's modulus, while concurrently leading to a reduction in the elongation at break (EB). The incorporation of TiO2 resulted in a significant enhancement in various properties of the film (p˂0.05), including opacity, contact angle, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture absorption, moisture content, solubility, and swelling. The rise in the proportion of TSM resulted in a concomitant increase in the color differences (ΔE), and yellowness index (YI). Conversely, there was a decrease in the lightness (L*) and the whiteness index (WI). Additionally, an increase was found in opacity, solubility, moisture content, WVP, OP, swelling, and moisture absorption. It was observed that films without TiO2 exhibited no inhibitory effect. However, upon augmenting the concentration of TiO2 to 1 %, notable inhibitory and lethal effects were observed against various microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Candida glabrata. The results showed that the TSM-Ge composite film containing TiO2, exhibited potential as a viable choice for food packaging susceptible to microbial spoilage.

Reducing the effects of clogging and surface wear on the radiative properties of concrete blocks produced with recycled glass by incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles

ABSTRACT This study aimed to demonstrate how incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles into concrete blocks made with recycled glass mitigates the effects of clogging and surface wear on pavement radiative properties. Using a reference concrete, four variants were formulated: with colourless, green, and amber glass, and a photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass. Three accelerated processes were applied to the concrete blocks in field: clogging, wear, and clogging on a worn surface. After each cycle of clogging and/or wear, solar reflectance and thermal emittance were measured to calculate the solar reflectance index (SRI). Surface clogging decreased the SRI for all concrete types, albeit less for photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass. SRI decreased with wear until a mean texture depth (MTD) near 0.80 mm, where a stabilisation trend was noted across all concretes. Photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass consistently showed the highest SRI values relative to the MTD. Clogging on worn surfaces indicated superior radiative properties for photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass at surface contamination degree (SCD) values less than 40%. In conclusion, conventional concretes with glass had inferior radiative properties compared to reference concrete. However, photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass showed superior radiative properties, indicating that nano-TiO2 addition reduced clogging and wear effects.

Improved photocatalytic activities of TiO2/MoO3/Au nanocomposite prepared by hydrothermal method

The synthesis of TiO2/MoO3/Au nanocomposite has been carried out to study its photocatalysis activity. A hydrothermal technique was used to systematically incorporate titanium dioxide (TiO2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to produce a synergistic nanostructured material. The analysis of prepared nanocomposite was performed using several characterization methods. UV-visible spectroscopy is used to examine the existence of materials and optical absorption. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were among the methods used to study the crystalline phases and surface morphologies. Methylene blue organic pollutants were used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the resulting TiO2/MoO3/Au nanocomposites under visible light irradiation. The TiO2/MoO3/Au composite showed significant photocatalytic performance among the three composites.

Non-similar analysis of bio-convective micropolar nanofluid flow including gyrotactic microorganisms across a stretched geometry

This study explores the novel interaction of gyrotactic microorganisms within a two-dimensional bioconvective micropolar nanofluid flow along a stretched surface, employing the Tiwari-Das nanofluid model. Uniquely, blood is modeled as a micropolar fluid incorporating titanium dioxide ( Ti O 2 ) and silver ( Ag ) nanoparticles. The analysis incorporates influential factors such as viscous dissipation, magnetic field, and heat source effects. By converting the control system into dimensionless nonlinear coupled differential equations, a complete understanding of the system is attained through the application of the local non-similarity approach and bvp4c (MATLAB tool). Particularly, the study provides valuable insight into the influence of dimensionless control parameters on key profiles such as velocity, microrotation, temperature, concentration, and microbial profiles. The findings show that temperature, microrotation, and velocity profiles are all improved by raising the values of micropolar parameters. Furthermore, the microbe profile shows an inverse connection with the Lewis number and a positive association with the Peclet number, whereas the concentration profile declines with increasing Schmidt number values. Furthermore, the study provides a quantitative analysis through tables, revealing variations in the drag coefficient and Nusselt number. This innovative exploration sheds light on the unique behavior of micropolar bioconvective nanofluids, offering valuable contributions to the field of fluid dynamics and bioengineering.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of titanium dioxide/thiopolyurethane composite: anticancer and antibacterial effects

Nanocomposites incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) have a significant potential for various industrial and medical applications. These nanocomposites exhibit selectivity as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Antimicrobial activity is crucial for medical uses, including applications in food processing, packaging, and surgical instruments. Additionally, these nanocomposites exhibit selectivity as anticancer agents. A stable nanocomposite as a new anticancer and antibacterial chemical was prepared by coupling titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a polyurethane foam matrix through the thiourea group. The titanium dioxide/thiopolyurethane nanocomposite (TPU/TiO2) was synthesized from low-cost Ilmenite ore and commercial polyurethane foam. EDX analysis was used to determine the elemental composition of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) matrix. TiO2NPs were synthesized and were characterized using TEM, XRD, IR, and UV–Vis spectra. TiO2NPs and TPU foam formed a novel composite. The MTT assay assessed Cisplatin and HepG-2 and MCF-7 cytotoxicity in vitro. Its IC50 values for HepG-2 and MCF-7 were 122.99 ± 4.07 and 201.86 ± 6.82 µg/mL, respectively. The TPU/TiO2 exhibits concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cells in vitro. The selective index was measured against both cell lines; it showed its safety against healthy cells. Agar well-diffusion exhibited good inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (12 mm), Bacillus cereus (10 mm), and Aspergillus niger (19 mm). TEM of TPU/TiO2-treated bacteria showed ultrastructure changes, including plasma membrane detachment from the cell wall, which caused lysis and bacterial death. TPU/TiO2 can treat cancer and inhibit microbes in dentures and other items. Also, TPU/TiO2 inhibits E. coli, B. cereus, and A. niger microbial strains.

Multifunctional Nanocomposite Membranes Containing TiO2 Developed by Air-Jet-Spun Fibers for Tissue Engineering

The incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles (NP) into nanofibrous polymeric membranes (NPM) is an attractive approach to developing multifunctional nanocomposites. The purpose of this study was to incorporate titanium dioxide (TiO2) NP into NPM to enhance the overall properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes with TiO2-NP (0.2 wt%) was fabricated by means of the Air-Jet Spinning (AJS) technique. The physicochemical characterization of the PCL-TiO2-NPM was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the morphology was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile strength and Young’s moduli were evaluated using an INSTRON Universal Testing Machine. In-vitro biocompatibility was evaluated in terms of cell adhesion and cell proliferation using human fetal osteoblasts. The results obtained demonstrated that TiO2-NP added to the PCL-NPM increases the values of tensile strength and Young’s moduli (p < 0.008 and p < 0.043) with respect to PCL-NPM without TiO2-NP. XRD exhibited the characteristic peaks of PCL at 21.3° and 23.7° and of TiO2 at 36°. The SEM micrographs revealed a random distribution with interconnected micropores. Cell adhesion and proliferation increased according to the time of the culture; only after the first period of cell culture was there a significant difference in cell proliferation (p < 0.05). The possible potential application of this PCL-PNM by Air-Jet Spinning (AJS) in tissue engineering could favor bone regeneration due that the addition of TiO2-NP.

Investigating NH3-SCR coupled with CO oxidation reaction mechanisms on titanium nanotube-loaded CuMnFe composite metal catalysts

NOx and CO are the primary air pollutants emitted from sintering flue gas, and their effective treatment is crucial. However, achieving good N2 selectivity with the CuMnFe composite metal oxide catalyst alone is challenging due to its oxidizing nature. Hence, in this study, titanium dioxide nanotubes were employed as carriers for the catalyst. CuMnFe composite metal oxide catalysts supported on titanium dioxide nanotubes were prepared using the co-precipitation method. The optimized catalysts demonstrated excellent performance, maintaining over 90% conversion of NOx and CO at low temperatures ranging from 120 to 200 ℃. Furthermore, significant improvement in N2 selectivity was achieved using these catalysts. Characterization results revealed several positive effects of incorporating titanium dioxide nanotube carriers into the catalyst. Firstly, it efficiently reduced the mobility of adsorbed oxygen on the catalyst surface, thus decreasing its oxidation capacity. Secondly, the addition of carriers helped balance the acidity on the catalyst surface, leading to an increase in Lewis acid sites. These modifications in the catalyst's surface properties proved advantageous for the selective catalytic reduction reaction. Moreover, the mechanisms of NH3-SCR and CO oxidation over the catalysts were extensively studied using DRIFTS. The results demonstrated that the CO oxidation reaction followed the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, with a competitive adsorption relationship observed between O2 and CO at the active sites. On the other hand, the NH3-SCR reaction primarily followed the Eley-Rideal mechanism, with minimal occurrence of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism in the SCR reaction. The presence of NH3 inhibits CO adsorption at the active site, resulting in decreased CO oxidation performance in the NH3-SCR-coupled CO oxidation reaction at low temperatures. Nevertheless, NH3-SCR can enhance NO conversion by utilizing some of the latent heat generated from the exothermic CO oxidation.

Indoor Photovoltaic Fiber with an Efficiency of 25.53% under 1500 Lux Illumination.

Photovoltaic devices represent an efficient electricity generation mode. Integrating them into textiles offers exciting opportunities for smart electronic textiles-with the ultimate goal of supplying power for wearable technology-which is poised to change how electronic devices are designed. Many human activities occur indoors, so realizing indoor photovoltaic fibers (IPVFs) that can be woven into textiles to power wearables is critical, although currently unavailable. Here, a dye-sensitized IPVF is constructed by incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles into aligned nanotubes to produce close contact and stable interfaces among active layers on a curved fiber substrate, thus presenting efficient charge transport and low charge recombination in the photoanode. With the combination of highly conductive core-sheath Ti/carbon nanotube fiber as a counter electrode, the IPVF shows a certified power conversion efficiency of 25.53% under 1500lux illuminance. Its performance variation is below 5% after bending, twisting, or pressing for 1000 cycles. These IPVFs arefurther integrated with fiber batteries as self-charging power textiles, which aredemonstrated to effectively supply electricity for wearables, solving the power supply problem in this important direction.

Effect of Incorporating Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles into White Portland Cement, White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Calcium Enriched Mixture Cement on the Push-out Bond Strength to Furcal Area Dentin.

Bond strength of furcation repair materials is an essential factor in clinical success. Studies on the effect of adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the push-out bond strength of commonly used endodontic cements for furcation perforation repair is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding TiO2 nanoparticles to white Portland cement (PC), white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium enriched mixture cement (CEM) on their push-out bond strengths. In this in vitro study, 120 endodontically treated molars were assigned to six groups (n=20) based on the material used to repair the perforation. In three groups, the cements (white PC, white MTA, and CEM) were placed in pure form, and in the three remaining groups, 1 weight % of TiO2 was added. The push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine at a strain rate of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Games-Howell test (p< 0.05). One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in the mean bond strength values between the six groups (p= 0.002). The post hoc Games-Howell test showed that the bond strengths in MTA+TiO2 and PC+TiO2 groups were significantly higher than those in MTA and PC groups, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the bond strength between CEM and CEM+ TiO2 groups. The incorporation of TiO2 into MTA and PC increased their push-out bond strength. However, it did not affect the push-out bond strength of CEM cement.

Sustainable approach to oil recovery from oil spills through superhydrophobic jute fabric

Ecosystems suffer from increased oil exploitation and frequent oil spills, which calls for effective, environment-friendly, and economically viable solutions. To address this, abandoned gunny sacks as the concerned jute fabric were superhydrophobically (water contact angle ∼159°) modified, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), rendering a facile drop casting procedure. The modified superhydrophobic-superoleophilic jute fabric has been identified as a high-performance filter with superior reusability that can separate oil-water mixtures in challenging environmental conditions (including potent acidic, alkaline, highly saline, aqueous, frigid, and blistering water environments) while maintaining high separation efficiency. In continuation, static conditions indulging a batch and continuous oil separation performance and dynamic conditions stimulating turbulence in the oil-water mixture were proficiently carried out, mimicking real-world circumstances. As a result, the modified jute fabric has the advantages of high separation efficiency, stable recyclable properties, and outstanding durability, highlighting its enormous potential for use in practical applications.

Hybrid light applied with 37% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent with or without titanium dioxide potentializes color change effectiveness

BackgroundThe effectiveness of dental color change was assessed by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) into 37% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent associated with hybrid light. MethodologyFifty bovine incisors were selected to receive the bleaching treatment, and separated into five groups (n = 10): 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (Whiteness HP, FGM/HP); 37% carbamide peroxide (CP) (Whiteness SuperEndo, FGM/CP); CP + hybrid light (HL) (CP HL); CP + 1% TiO2 (CP TiO2); CP TiO2 + hybrid light (CP TiO2 HL). The bleaching gels were applied to the dental surface for 30 min. Hybrid light (Whitening Plus, DMC/infrared laser diodes + blue LEDs +violet LEDs) was applied with 1 min of active light, alternating with 1 min of pause. A spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade® Advance, Vita) was used to determine the color of the dental elements at baseline and time points after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd bleaching sessions. Color change effectiveness was evaluated using Vita Classical, CIEL*a*b*, WID and ΔEab, ΔE00 and ΔWID parameters. ResultsGeneralized mixed linear models for repeated measures (α = 5%) showed significant decrease in Vita Classical scores and a* and b* values, as well as an increase in L* and ∆WID values for all the groups. Higher color change values for ΔEab were observed for CP HL and CP TiO2 HL, while those of ΔE00 and ΔWID were higher for CP TiO2 HL at the end of the bleaching treatment. ConclusionHybrid light applied with TiO2 incorporated into CP potentiated the effectiveness of the color change in the tooth structure.

Effect of TiO2 on Thermal, Mechanical, and Gas Separation Performances of Polyetherimide-Polyvinyl Acetate Blend Membranes.

Blend membranes consisting of two polymer pairs improve gas separation, but compromise mechanical and thermal properties. To address this, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles has been suggested, to enhance interactions between polymer phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of TiO2 as a filler on the thermal, surface mechanical, as well as gas separation properties of blend membranes. Blend polymeric membranes consisting of polyetherimide (PEI) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) with blend ratios of (99:1) and (98:2) were developed via a wet-phase inversion technique. In the latter, TiO2 was incorporated in ratios of 1 and 2 wt.% while maintaining a blend ratio of (98:2). TGA and DSC analyses were used to examine thermal properties, and nano-indentation tests were carried out to ascertain surface mechanical characteristics. On the other hand, a gas permeation set-up was used to determine gas separation performance. TGA tests showed that blend membranes containing TiO2 had better thermal characteristics. Indentation tests showed that TiO2-containing membranes exhibited greater surface hardness compared to other membranes. The results of gas permeation experiments showed that TiO2-containing membranes had better separation characteristics. PEI-PVAc blend membranes with 2 wt.% TiO2 as filler displayed superior separation performance for both gas pairs (CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2). The compatibility between the rubbery and glassy phases of blend membranes was improved as a result of the inclusion of TiO2, which further benefited their thermal, surface mechanical, and gas separation performances.

Non-cytotoxic and bioactive nanocomposite film of natural Arabic gum incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles for bone tissue regeneration

Biomaterials with exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity are now pushing the boundaries of bone tissue engineering. In this study, natural Arabic gum biopolymer incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NAG + TiO2NP) nanocomposite film was fabricated. The FTIR and XRD analysis show the presence of functional groups assigned to NAG biopolymers and highly crystalline anatase TiO2NP. Well dispersed TiO2NP can be seen from SEM micrograph suggesting good interaction between TiO2NP filler and NAG biopolymer matrix to enhance the mechanical characteristics of nanocomposite film. The NAG + TiO2NP nanocomposite film exhibited strong bioactivity to form bone-like apatite and promoted the proliferation of MG-63 cells attributed to their excellent biocompatibility and non-toxicity. The NAG + TiO2NP nanocomposite film also displays high antibacterial activity with (36.33 ± 1.53) mm and (27.00 ± 2.00) mm inhibition zone were recorded against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The findings indicate that the NAG + TiO2NP nanocomposite film, with its improved mechanical properties, high swelling capacity, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, shows promise as a viable option for bone tissue regeneration materials.