Inconsistent Instructions Research Articles

Orthopaedic trauma patients’ experiences with emergency department care and follow-up through Virtual Fracture Care review: a qualitative study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify factors influencing orthopaedic trauma patients’ experiences and satisfaction with emergency department (ED) care and follow-up through Virtual Fracture Care (VFC) review workflow.DesignThis study employed an...

How Does COVID -19 Affect Thai Students?

This research was a study about the problem regarding unfavorable learning environments and stressful situations of Thai students during online studying amidst the COVID -19 situation and the solutions to improve the efficiency in learning and development for each age group. This research is an exploratory study of secondary to high school students in Thailand in 2021. The researcher interviewed 144 people in Thailand to obtain information regarding the problems, their effects, opinions, and possible solutions. They collected the data from the questionnaire and analyze the data to find more solutions to the problem. The data analyst used the frequency percentage statistic. The results showed that 1.) Most students want to go to school due to a more comfortable learning environment compared to sitting at home with an unconducive learning environment. Further, learning at school allows students to ask their teachers immediately and the school includes the activities which help support and develop different students 2.). Most of the students will understand if they study diligently, on the other hand, some answered that they will not understand even if they study diligently due to various environmental factors, such as the unconducive environment for learning, 3.) Students have reasons for their problems; this is one of the causes of stress in online learning. Most reasons cite unsuitable environments and unstable online learning systems that make studying boring and inconsistent instruction. 4.) Thai students in the Covid-19 situation concern about their academic performance as old grading standards are still in use, and many said they got low grades. 5.) Out of 144 students, 81 students stated that they have a suitable home environment for online learning; while 63 students do not have a suitable environment for learning due to various home factors like problems with internet instability and parents in the house who had them run errands during the course. In conclusion, the most common problem in online learning is problems with the learning environment. Keywords: Students, Learning, COVID-19, Thailand.

Disciplining sexual and reproductive behaviour of tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh: a mixed method study exploring divergent messages

ABSTRACT There is scant information on the instructions provided by health workers to patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and the implications these instructions have for sexual and reproductive health and rights and tuberculosis control in Bangladesh. This paper aims to draw attention to tuberculosis control guidelines and information dissemination practices that may need to be adapted to the living situations of those with tuberculosis. Data collection took place in the Monohardi and Narsingdi Sadar sub-districts in Narsingdi and the Mirpur slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between December 2015 and March 2016. We present findings from an analysis of four significant documents, 45 in-depth interviews (of current and former tuberculosis patients, their family members, and health workers), and two focus group discussions with health workers. The findings show that the official guidelines and policies hardly address sexual health or rights. During the treatment period, patients received mixed and inconsistent instructions from health workers on sexual intercourse, contraception, pregnancy, and living arrangements. The messages were interpreted differently based on who delivered and received them, and different instructions were provided to women and men. The instructions were not specific to the living situations of patients and therefore led to implementation challenges. Future interventions should ensure correct and consistent messaging, and policies should be adapted to the sexual needs of those infected with the disease.

Identification and Assessment of Compensation Events under Public Procurement Authoritys Conditions of Contract for Medium Contracts: Consultant, Client and Contractors Perspective

This article which is the first in the compensation events series identified significant compensation events in relation to construction time from the perspective of the consultant, client and contractor. Significant compensation events under cost and profit will be looked at in the subsequent papers. Quantitative research approach was espoused and purposive sampling was used to determine the respondents. Twenty-five identified compensation events were significantly tested and ranked in order of importance using the relative importance index. Inexperience, poor communication and clients with no technical background were identified to be the most significant. Factor analysis carried out indicated that variables had common underlying factors. The significant common factors of compensation events identified after reduction analysis were work interruptions, inconsistent instructions and late implementation. It was also revealed that compensation events tend to drag most construction projects. Hence, their origination must be assessed and solutions implemented for a successful project completion.

Identification and assessment of compensation events under Public Procurement Authority's conditions of contract for medium contracts: consultant, client and contractor's perspective

This article which is the first in the compensation events series identified significant compensation events in relation to construction time from the perspective of the consultant, client and contractor. Significant compensation events under cost and profit will be looked at in the subsequent papers. Quantitative research approach was espoused and purposive sampling was used to determine the respondents. Twenty-five identified compensation events were significantly tested and ranked in order of importance using the relative importance index. Inexperience, poor communication and clients with no technical background were identified to be the most significant. Factor analysis carried out indicated that variables had common underlying factors. The significant common factors of compensation events identified after reduction analysis were work interruptions, inconsistent instructions and late implementation. It was also revealed that compensation events tend to drag most construction projects. Hence, their origination must be assessed and solutions implemented for a successful project completion.

Ergonomics Calibration Training Utilizing Photography for Dental Hygiene Faculty Members.

Dental and dental hygiene clinical faculty members often do not provide consistent instruction, especially since most procedures involve clinical judgment. Although instructional variations frequently translate into variations in student performance, the effect of inconsistent instruction is unknown, especially related to ergonomics. The aim of this study was to determine whether photography-assisted calibration training would improve interrater reliability among dental hygiene faculty members in ergonomics evaluation. The photography-assisted ergonomics calibration program incorporated features to improve accessibility and optimize the quality of the training. The study used a two-group repeated measures design with a convenience sample of 11 dental hygiene faculty members (eight full-time and three part-time) during the autumn 2016 term at one U.S. dental school. At weeks one and seven, all participants evaluated imaged postures of five dental students using a modified-dental operator posture assessment instrument. During weeks three and five, training group participants completed calibration training using independent and group review of imaged postures. All pre-training and post-training evaluations were evaluated for interrater reliability. Two-way random effects intraclass coefficient (ICC) values were calculated to measure the effects of the training on interrater reliability. The average measure of ICC of the training group improved from 0.694 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.001 to 0.965 (F(4,8)=3.465, p>0.05) to 0.766 with a 95% CI of 0.098 to 0.972 (F(4,8)=7.913, p<0.01). The average measure of ICC of the control group improved from 0.821 with a 95% CI of 0.480 to 0.978 (F(4,28)=7.702, p<0.01) to 0.846 with a 95% CI of 0.542 to 0.981 (F(4,28)=8.561, p<0.01). These results showed that the photography-assisted calibration training with the opportunity to reconcile different opinions resulted in improved agreement among these faculty members.

Barriers to high quality coding of hospital chart information to administrative data: A qualitative study

ABSTRACTObjectives Administrative data are widely used in research, health policy, and the evaluation of health service delivery. We undertook a qualitative study to explore the barriers to high quality coding of chart information to administrative data, at the level of coders in Canada.&#x0D; ApproachOur study design is qualitative. We recruited professional medical chart coders and data users working across Alberta, Canada, using a multimodal recruitment strategy. We conducted an in-depth, semi-structured interview with each participant. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. We conducted thematic analysis (e.g., line-by-line open coding) of interview transcripts. Codes were then collated into themes and compared across our dataset to ensure accurate interpretations of the data. The study team met to discuss, modify, and interpret emergent themes in the context of the barriers to coding administrative data.&#x0D; ResultsWe recruited 28 coding specialists. In general, coders had high job satisfaction and sense of collegiality, as well as sufficient resources to address their coding questions. They believed themselves to be adequately trained and consistently put in the extra effort when searching charts to find additional information that accurately reflected the patient journey. Barriers to high quality coding from the coder perspective included: 1) Incomplete and inaccurate information in physician progress notes and discharge summaries; 2) Difficulty navigating a complex hybrid of paper and electronic medical records; 3) Focus on productivity rather than quality by the employer, which at times resulted in inconsistent instructions for coding secondary diagnoses and discordant expectations between the employer and the coders’ professional standards.&#x0D; ConclusionFuture interventions to improve the quality of administrative data should focus on physician education of necessary components in charting, evaluation of electronic medical records from the perspectives of those who play a key role in abstracting data, and evaluation of productivity guidelines for coders and their effects on data quality.

The Prevalence and Quality of Source Attribution in Middle and High School Science Papers.

Plagiarism is a commonly cited problem in higher education, especially in scientific writing and assignments for science courses. Students may not intentionally plagiarize, but may instead be confused about what proper source attribution entails. Much of this confusion likely stems from high school, either from lack of or inconsistent instruction across classes. To determine the extent of plagiarism issues in middle and high school student science papers, the authors surveyed student research reports to evaluate their use of in-text and reference page citations. While most of the students had a reference page, fewer than 35% of high school students properly used in-text citations. Furthermore, 12th grade students did not perform any better than 9th grade students in providing proper citations. A survey of college science faculty showed that they do not feel that students are receiving adequate training in source citation in high school. While proper source citation, including the use of in-text citations, is clearly indicated in state education standards, students may not be receiving consistent instruction for a variety of reasons. At a minimum, teachers and officials who supervise student research projects should ensure that students give proper attribution to their sources. This will avoid the development of bad habits that may be troublesome in college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounting as an affective technology: A study of circulation, agency and entrancement

This paper argues that accounting is an affective technology. We show how people’s feelings and emotions are constructed through accounting practices and templates. Much research in accounting and economics is based on rationality assumptions that suggest that people act after working through cost–benefit calculations. Information may be imperfect and our cognitive abilities constrained but such modes of calculation and economic reasoning are assumed to drive action. Whilst not setting aside the significance of rationality and intelligibility, this study illustrates that it is affect and passion alongside cognitive calculation that generate movement and action in organisational networks. An in-depth case study of a very large and well known global American corporation spanning 4years illustrates how affect is engineered by corporate executives through accounting templates and targets. In local sites, periods of excitement and elation ensue but so do anxiety and sleepless nights as yet again, budgets are cut and stated targets rise. Productivity spreadsheets, planning pyramids and human resource programs all contribute to the circulation of affect in the global network as new identities (both individual and collective) are defined and underperforming employees managed out. The committed and devoted ‘Players’ of the organisation express love for the firm, tolerate inconsistent instructions and overlook what might (by outsiders) be conceived as breaches of trust. As such, they collaborate in their own entrancement. We conclude that accounting technologies play on people’s passions and emotions rather than purely on their intellectual and reasoning skills, and that it is this emotive edge to accounting that generates and sustains action in organisational networks.

Minimising disjunctive information

In [5, 6], Belnap proposed a number of amendments to Rescher’s strategy for reasoning with maximal consistent subsets. More recently in [18], Horty explicitly endorsed Belnap’s amendment to address a related problem in handling inconsistent instructions and commands. In this paper, we’ll examine Belnap’s amendment and point out that Belnap’s suggestion in the use of conjunctive containment is open to the very objection he raised. We’ll propose a way out. The strategy turns on the use of First Degree Entailment in combination with Quine’s notion of prime implicate.

Dental students’ knowledge and perceptions of non‐invasive dental caries management

An evidence-based, risk-specific, and non-invasive modality for caries management was implemented in the University of Sydney dentistry curriculum. This study reviews its impact on student learning outcomes and their perceptions of the efficacy of a risk-based caries management. One hundred and nine Year 3 and Year 4 students were invited to complete a questionnaire to assess their understanding of the protocols and their perceptions of both the education process and value of the non-invasive treatment modality. A response rate of 93% Year 3 and 46% Year 4 students was obtained. They correctly identified high and low risk cases but Year 3 students were inclined to misclassify medium risk cases. Most understood correctly that enamel lesions should be arrested and remineralized but were often more radical in dealing with dentine lesions. Students who believed the protocols were useful and who spent more time on preventive care were less likely to restore enamel and dentine lesions. A modest level of knowledge concerning application of the non-invasive caries management system to paper-based clinical case studies was demonstrated. Protocol misinterpretation may reflect inconsistent instruction by some clinical tutors. It is hoped that the promulgation of evidence-based dentistry will overcome these barriers in future.

W. Edwards Deming - the first management engineer

This paper discusses the contributions of W. Edwards Deming in the field of engineering management. Deming believed that successful managers need to have adequate knowledge in the fields of theory of variation, appreciation for a system, theory of knowledge, and psychology. Deming found that many organizations have barriers that prevent people from doing a good job. He identified a few of these barriers as the focus on short-term profits, the demoralization of workers through policies that rank and rate people, inconsistent instructions, inadequate training, poor tools, setting arbitrary numerical goals instead of developing methods for improvement, creating fear to speak up, fear to take risks, fear to ask questions, fear of ridicule and humiliation, and fear of change.

Impairment Tutorial: The Lower Extremities: Challenges with Chapter 17, The Lower Extremities

Abstract Like all multi-authored texts, the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) presents some challenges and inconsistencies, and in March 2002 AMA published an errata. The latter has only one correction for Chapter 17, The Lower Extremities, and this article reviews some additional problems and inconsistencies in Chapter 17. For example, the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, gives inconsistent instructions about measurements of muscle atrophy, and this article recommends simple, unambiguous directions such as measuring thigh and leg circumferences 15 cm superior and inferior to the medial joint line of the knee, respectively. One could argue that no goniometer should be included in Figure 17-1a, Using a Goniometer to Measure Flexion of the Right Hip; in Figure 17-1b, the goniometer should be placed with its axis at the center of rotation of the right hip. In Figure 17-1c, the limb of the goniometer overlying the left femur should instead be parallel to the tabletop. Additional sections of the article discuss joint ankylosis; peripheral nerve injuries; causalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. A careful reading of Chapter 17 uncovers some problems, none of which is critical, but all should be noted by frequent users of the AMA Guides.

The Influence of Inconsistent Instruction and Varying Reinforcement on Performance Quality and Quantity under Operant Conditioning Procedures.

(1977). The Influence of Inconsistent Instruction and Varying Reinforcement on Performance Quality and Quantity under Operant Conditioning Procedures. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 309-310.

INCONSISTENT VERBAL INSTRUCTIONS AND CHILDREN'S RESISTANCE-TO-TEMPTATION BEHAVIOR

STOUWIE, ROGER J. Inconsistent Verbal Instructions and Children's Resistance-to-Temptation Behavior. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1971, 42, 1517-1531. Analyses of 4 resistance-to-temptation measures indicated that children who had received consistently permissive instructions from 2 adult social agents had the highest toy-touching responses, and those who had received consistently prohibitive instructions had the lowest. Scores of subjects who had been issued inconsistent instructions were of intermediate magnitude and differed significantly from the 2 extreme groups. Boys' scores were lower than girls' on 2 of the measures. Temporal patterns of responding also differed as a function of the consistent or inconsistent treatment.

Criminal Law: Burden of Proof: Reasonable Doubt: Insanity: Contradictory and Inconsistent Instructions

Criminal Law: Burden of Proof: Reasonable Doubt: Insanity: Contradictory and Inconsistent Instructions