Income Stability Research Articles

Financial Growth of Sport Industry in the Extreme Context: Evidence From Iran Under Economic Sanction and COVID‐19 Pandemic

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to shift the narrative toward the impact of international sanctions against Iran and the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic on the financial growth of the sports industry. Employing Importance‐Performance Analysis (IPA), we delve into the diverse factors influencing the financial dynamics of the sports sector in Iran. After an extensive review of the research literature, we identify pivotal elements affecting the financial prosperity of the sports industry. Using expert opinions and the content validity index (CVI), we select 20 significant factors shaping the financial landscape of the sports industry in Iran. Subsequently, we evaluate the importance and performance of these identified factors, drawing insights from the perspectives of 12 sports economics experts and sports managers. Employing Decision‐making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DANP) and IPA methods, we analyze the interplay of these factors. The research outcomes underscore the pivotal role of international sanctions against Iran and the challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic in influencing the financial growth of the sports industry. Noteworthy factors include the stability of sports club incomes, the commercialization of the sports industry, private sector investment in sports, and the allocation of sports expenses within government expenditures. These findings illuminate the nuanced relationship between external geopolitical factors and internal financial dynamics, shaping the trajectory of the sports industry's financial growth in Iran.

Analysis of Julung Fish Sales and Fishermen's Income in Fokalik Village, North Sanana Sub-District (Islamic Economic Review)

This study aims to analyze the sale of julung fish and its impact on the income of fishermen in Fokalik Village, Sanana Utara District, Kepulauan Sula Regency, from an Islamic economic perspective. The method used is field research with a qualitative approach, which allows for an in-depth understanding of the social and economic conditions of fishermen.The results show that a fair profit-sharing management system can improve the well-being of the group of fishermen. Although the fishery potential in this area is very large, fishermen still face challenges such as fluctuating fish prices, limited capital, and simple technology. This study also highlights the importance of applying the principles of Islamic economics in the management of marine resources, which not only focus on economic profits but also on environmental sustainability. By emphasizing justice and balance, this approach can help fishermen achieve income stability and improve their standard of living without damaging the marine ecosystem. These findings provide important insights for the development of more sustainable and inclusive fisheries policies in the coastal areas of Indonesia.

Global evidence on the prevalence of and risk factors associated with stress.

Stress is a major public health issue linked to physical and mental health disorders, economic burdens, and social challenges. Understanding its prevalence and determinants across demographic and economic groups is essential for effective intervention. This study uses data from the Gallup World Poll, with over 300,000 participants across 131 countries. We apply linear probability regression models to examine the relationships between stress and factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status, and health. Overall, 35.1 % of respondents report experiencing stress, with higher prevalence among females (36.1 %) compared to males (33.6 %) (p < .001). Stress is more common in high-income countries (36 %) than in low- and middle-income countries, but differences are small (2.3 percentage points). Key stress correlates include income instability (p < .01), health issues (p < .01), and food insecurity (p < .01). Gender differences are pronounced in high-income countries, where women report more stress. Addressing stress requires gender-sensitive interventions and economic policies that target income stability and job creation. Tailored programs can mitigate the health impacts of stress, reduce health disparities, and support progress toward UN SDG 3 on health and well-being.

Attitudes towards National Election of 2024: A Pre-Election Study of People Living in Dinajpur Sadar, Bangladesh

This paper reports attitudes and behaviors regarding the 2024 national election in Bangladesh as described by Dinajpur Sadar voters, using a mixed-methods approach with quantitative and qualitative data. A representative sample of 120 respondents-including a variety of professions and relatively fair gender representation-offers insight into electoral engagement, trust in political institutions, and their principal concerns. Local economic issues in job creation and stability of income appear as critical in shaping political preferences. While 58.33% of those surveyed would still trust political parties to represent public interests, a notable percentage of 41.67% can be seen as skeptical, reflecting political polarization. Youth disengagement is a clear concern: over half show low enthusiasm for participation. Misinformation has remained an issue: up to 23.3% reported seeing misleading election-related information online. Moderate confidence in election officials contrasts with a pervasive sense of uncertainty about electoral fairness, with 55-60% suspecting potential corruption. According to the findings, the economic issue, facilitation of transparency, and particular programs for the youth and women should be implemented to inspire more civic engagements. The findings pave the way towards strategies to build trust, combat misinformation, and strengthen democratic engagement in Dinajpur Sadar.

EMPLOYER-SPONSORED FINANCIAL WELLNESS PROGRAMS ON FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF WORKING-CLASS MILLENNIALS IN CAVITE

The study focused on determining the effect of employer-sponsored financial wellness initiatives on working-class millennial's capacity to maintain their financial sustainability, with a particular emphasis on Cavite residents. The survey evaluates a number of financial wellness factors, including income stability, retirement planning, debt management, expenditure management, and savings. In order to better understand how these programs improve employees' financial well-being, the study will assess participants' demographic profiles, financial behavior, and assessments of the programs' effectiveness.The effects of financial wellness initiatives supported by employers on the long-term financial stability of Cavite's working-class millennial population. To determine the efficacy of different financial wellness programs, the study examines participant perceptions of their financial situation as well as demographic characteristics like age, gender, income, and employment status. The majority of respondents to a survey of 200 millennial's were female, single, and between the ages of 28 and 30. They also made between Php 5,001 and Php 10,000 per month. Participants' budgeting, saving, and investing techniques were much enhanced by the most popular program chosen, which was financial literacy seminar. The ability to handle unforeseen financial problems and retirement planning was especially improved, according to the participants, who also reported feeling more confident about handling their money. Employer-sponsored programs significantly increase financial well-being by lowering stress, increasing financial stability, and improving preparedness for future financial demands, according to the study's findings. Employers are advised to improve and broaden these initiatives, offer focused financial literacy instruction, and conduct frequent assessments of their efficacy in order to meet the changing demands of the labor market.

Implementasi Manajemen Risiko dalam Meningkatkan Keberlanjutan Bisnis

This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk management in improving business sustainability in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Bandar Lampung. A qualitative-descriptive approach was used to explore the understanding, practices, and obstacles faced by MSME actors in risk management. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis in MSMEs from various business sectors.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of risk management, such as product diversification, financial management, and the use of digital technology, have a positive impact on income stability, operational efficiency, and customer trust. However, the level of risk management implementation among MSMEs still varies. The main obstacles include limited resources, lack of knowledge about risk management, and minimal access to training or mentoring programs.This study concludes that risk management plays an important role in supporting the sustainability of MSME businesses by mitigating challenges and opening up opportunities for innovation. To optimize the implementation of risk management, collaborative support is needed between the government, business actors, and other related parties in providing relevant policies, training, and access to technology. Keywords: risk management, business sustainability, MSMEs, Bandar Lampung, digital technology.

Adoption of Circular Economy in Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Magelang District: Influence on Productivity and Farmer Welfare

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the adoption of circular economy principles in sustainable agriculture practices in Magelang district, focusing on their impact on agricultural productivity and farmer welfare, with the aim of assessing how circular economy practices contribute to sustainable agriculture by improving resource efficiency, enhancing productivity, and promoting farmer welfare in Magelang district. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this study is grounded in the priciples of the circular economy, which emphasize maximizing resource efficiency, minimizing waste, and fostering environmental regeneration. In agriculture, these principles align with sustainable practices by promoting the reuse of organic materials, efficient resource management, and the reduction of chemical inputs to maintain soil fertility and ecosystem balance. By integrating circular economy principles with sustainable agricultural practices, this framework aims to enhance productivity, reduce costs, and improve farmers’ welfare while ensuring long-term environmental resilience. Method: Using a quantitative approach that includes surveys of 100 farmers and in-depth interviews, this research evaluates the implementation of CE principles, such as composting organic waste, rainwater harvesting, and crop rotation. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that approximately 60% of farmers have adopted at least one CE practice, leading to a productivity increase of up to 25% compared to conventional methods. Additionally, CE adoption has proven to improve income stability and farmer welfare. However, barriers such as limited access to technology and funding reduce broader adoption of sustainable practices. Research Implications: This study recommends government and institutional support through training, technology access, and financial incentives to accelerate CE adoption. It provides actionable reccomendations for policymakers and stakeholders to support the broader adoption of circular economy practices in agriculture. Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies in its focus on the adoption of circular economy principles within the specific context of sustainable agriculture in Magelang District, an area with unique agricultural challenges and potential. This research combines empirical data on productivity and welfare impacts with qualitative insights into local adoption barriers and drivers. By integrating these aspects, the study provides a novel perspective on implementing sustainable agricultural practices tailored to the region’s socioeconomic and environmental conditions.

APPLICATION OF PRUDENTIAL BANKING TO ELIGIBILITY FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF KUR UMKM BSI BRANCH DIPONEGORO BANDA ACEH. STUDY ON TESTING THE INCOME AND PROFITABILITY OF DEBTOR CUSTOMERS' BUSINESSES

This research emphasises the importance of testing customer income and profitability in ensuring financing eligibility and supporting the financial stability of banks and the development of MSMEs in Indonesia. This reseacrh aims to ensure that the financing disbursement process is carried out effectively and in accordance with prudential banking principles with legal provisions. This research method is normative empirical. The results of the research showed that the distribution of KUR was in accordance with the mandate of articles 8 and 29 of Law No. 10 of 1998 on Banking and article 23 of Law No. 21 of 2008 on Sharia Banking. This can be seen from the application of KUR distribution at BSI Diponegoro Branch Banda Aceh which is carried out strictly through testing with five main stages, namely BI checking, surveys, business feasibility analysis, analysis of collateral feasibility, the committee process with the leadership and the analysis of MSMEs income and profitability by paying attention to income sources, income stability, sales trends, seasonal patterns, sales targets, profit patterns, bank transaction history and bank transaction frequency.

Scope of Rain-fed Integrated Farming System in Dry Farming Condition: A Review

In India, nearly 76 million hectares of land is under rain fed cultivation and therefore, rain fed agriculture will continue to play an important role in the Indian economy. The discouraging results of conventional cropping systems in advancing the productivity of small farms were the driving force in the development of farming systems research. It views the whole farm as a system with the integration of crops, animals, poultry, soils, labor and other all available inputs and environmental influences wherein the farm family attempts to produce outputs within the limitations of its capability and resources and the socio-cultural setting. IFS seem to be the possible solution to the continuous increase of demand for food and nutrition and income stability particularly for small and marginal farmers with little resources. This new concept of IFS will help in productivity enhancement, employment generation, gave more income and nutritional security both for human and livestock. IFS different components are complementary relate with each other and one component become source of food for other components. This literature on scope of rain-fed integrated farming system in dry farming condition is reviewed and presented below.

Credit Default Prediction Based on Random Forest

Abstract. To help the lender to make reasonable prediction judgments on the lender in advance, to get the most appropriate way of lending amount, as well as facing the risk of a reasonable response program and the ability to cope with the need to make predictions in advance before lending for personal credit risk. This paper aims to predict credit default based on random forest, logistic regression and decision tree algorithms, by comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms, this paper finally chooses the random forest algorithm. This paper concludes that in predicting the risk of credit default, the three characteristics of Credit amount, Duration and Job have the most significant influence in predicting the risk value of the borrower, Credit amount is the most important factor that affects the risk value, Duration is also a key factor, a more relaxed repayment period will reduce the pressure of repayment, and thus reduce the risk of default. Job, different occupations, different incomes and different income stability will lead to different repayment abilities of each borrower, according to the repayment ability and the loan amount of the comparison, you can initially arrive at the corresponding risk value and the development of the corresponding risk control strategy.

Financial Anxiety and Job Performance in Educational Settings: Analyzing the Effects of Financial Stress on Teachers and Staff

This study examines the impact of financial anxiety on job performance among teachers and staff in educational settings, where challenges like low wages, high debt, and limited financial growth are prevalent. Financial anxiety, defined as persistent worry over income stability and financial obligations, can decrease focus, well-being, and productivity. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 500 educators across various institutions, and statistical analysis, including correlation and regression, revealed significant findings. Results showed a negative correlation (r=?0.45) between financial anxiety and job performance. Regression analysis further indicated that job satisfaction (?=0.35) and a supportive work environment (?=0.22) help reduce financial anxiety’s negative impact on performance. Debt burden and income level were strong predictors of financial anxiety, with job satisfaction partially mediating its effects. These findings underscore the importance of institutional support measures, such as financial counseling and mental health resources, to alleviate financial anxiety and enhance job performance. Future research is encouraged to explore additional moderating factors, such as family responsibilities and health conditions, to deepen insights.

Modeling the Predictors of Poverty in Agricultural Households in Uganda: Application of Multilevel and Interaction Methods

This study aimed to model the predictors of poverty in agricultural households in Uganda. The study's specific objectives were to examine the effect of individual predictors of poverty and analyze the contribution of community predictors of poverty in agricultural households. The study utilized data from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS, 2019/20) obtained from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. A sample of 13,732 households was randomly selected from the total weighted sample representation of 11.3 million households involved in agricultural activities. A logit model was used in the analysis and estimates were provided using multilevel and interaction methods. Key findings suggest that poverty in agricultural households was positively and significantly influenced by the gender of the household head, marital status of the household head, income stability of the household, age of the household head and livestock ownership. Additionally, regional differences accounted for 17.9 % of the variations in poverty levels in Uganda and understanding such regional differences and their influence on poverty levels can assist policymakers and organizations in designing targeted interventions and policies to reduce poverty levels among households. Such measures can address the specific challenges faced by different regions and promote more equitable development across the country. However, poverty in agricultural households was negatively and significantly influenced by residence status, savings account ownership and household size. Based on the study's findings, the key policy recommendations were that; the government should continue implementing gender-focused interventions to address gender disparities among women empowerment programs that involve access to resources including land, equal access to employment opportunities and equal access to education to reduce poverty among women. Regarding income instabilities in agricultural households due to price fluctuations, the government should empower farmers to form farmer groups where they can collectively increase their bargaining power to avoid price fluctuations.

Microsimulation approaches to studying shocks and social protection in selected developing economies

In this paper, I calculate automatic stabilization in Ghana, South Africa, and Ecuador to explain how they cushion income amid income and demand shocks. Additionally, I stress-test fiscal policies within these countries to gauge welfare alternatives and insurance. Adopting a discretionary action approach for Ghana, I introduce additional safety nets that improve welfare since the existing system fails shock resistance tests. The use of a microsimulation framework is justified as it can isolate the exact redistributive impact of tax-benefit policies and reforms from a changing environment where such policies operate. Income stabilization ranges from 1% to 22%, while demand stabilization ranges from 4% to 25% across the three countries. I formalize a new concept of poverty stabilization that ranges from nil to 46% to measure vulnerability. Through the study’s results, I reveal that the extent of income insurance needs to be improved in lower- and middle-income countries.

Crop diversification and its impact on income diversification and crop income in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT This study investigates the determinants and extent of crop diversification and its impact on farm households’ income and income diversification in rural Bangladesh, utilizing data from 450 households across the districts of Manikganj, Tangail, and Gaibandha. The findings reveal moderate to high levels of crop and income diversification across these sites. Using a Tobit model, the study identifies significant socio-economic factors influencing crop diversification, including literacy, farm size, and market distance. Additionally, it shows that crop diversification intensity, the household head’s age and education, and on- and off-farm income significantly affect income diversification. These factors, along with farm size, also significantly impact crop income. This research addresses a significant gap in the literature by exploring the underexamined interaction between crop diversification and income diversification in Bangladesh. It contributes to a broader understanding of how diversification strategies can enhance agricultural productivity and income stability and offers valuable policy implications.

A Guideline for Local Elderly Policy Development in Thailand

In previous local elder policy research, most studies were fragmented with only some subjects or some steps in the policy process and attention to the local policy process not included explicitly. This article aims to analyze Thai local elderly policy formulation, implementation and evaluation and to propose guidelines for Thai local elderly policy development. This was a qualitative study. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 40 key informants from 5 local case studies and 8 national organizations, as well as observations and documentary studies. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and analytic induction. For the policy content dimensions, the guidelines of policy content development of the case studies aim to make senior citizens happy, self-sufficient, and physically and mentally healthy. The means to achieve this are comprised of the following:1) an economic, career, and income stability dimension; 2) a health dimension; and 3) a social dimension. For the policy process dimensions, the guideline of policy formulation comprises of the following: the related national policy dimension, including developing the mindset of policy actors, developing the content of policies with clarity that is up-to-date and congruent with key agreements or related principles, and developing a participation process and communication of the policy. The local policy dimension is locally aged society strategic planning based on strategic management and objectives and key results (OKRs) derived from the results of data analysis, integration of public policy theory, resource-based view in strategic management theory, and objective and key results to reduce the limitations of the public policy theory and model. This comprises developing policy actors’ mindsets, competencies, and motivations, collecting information, creating participation for analyzing and formulating direction, and making local elderly society strategic plans. The guidelines of policy implementation comprise the following: creating knowledge and understanding, organizing a central organization, implementing a strategic plan, formulating strategies for implementing and integrating amicable coordination of networks, seeking and allocating tangible and intangible resources, developing competencies of local government personnel, network partners, and target groups, creating and developing a culture supporting the aged society, and creating internal and external motivation. The guidelines of policy evaluation comprise the following: the development of the evaluation competency, the growth and ethical mindset, and the development of a participatory local policy evaluation system. Based on the results of this study, the guidelines focus on the intangible resources, the internal motivation, the mindset of policy actors, the coordination and strength of networks, and the upper-level policy factors.

The The Impact of Task Management, Social Support and Income on Work-Life Balance among Gig Workers

The study addresses the growing concern about work-life balance among gig workers in Malaysia, a population facing unique challenges due to the nature of gig employment. This issue is particularly critical as gig workers often struggle with task management, securing social support, and dealing with income volatility, all of which impact their ability to achieve a balanced work-life dynamic. This study aims to analyze the effects of task management, social support, and income stability on the work-life balance of gig workers in Malaysia. A quantitative research methodology was employed, involving a survey of 70 gig workers across various sectors in Kedah. The data was analyzed using correlation analysis to assess the relationships between the independent variables, task management, social support, and income stability, and the dependent variable, work-life balance. The findings reveal that task management, social support, and income stability are all significantly correlated with better work-life balance, with task management being the most influential factor. The implications of this study suggest that improving task management practices, enhancing social support systems, and stabilizing income are crucial strategies for gig platforms and policymakers to consider. These measures can significantly improve the well-being of gig workers and contribute to a more sustainable gig economy. The study also highlights the need for further research to explore these relationships in different cultural contexts and over time, to better understand their long-term effects.

Role of Polyhouse Technology in Mitigating Climate Risks for Floriculture

Climate change poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity, particularly in sectors like floriculture that rely heavily on favorable environmental conditions. In this context, polyhouse technology emerges as a promising solution for mitigating climate risks faced by floriculture farmers. Polyhouses provide a controlled environment that shields crops from extreme weather events, temperature fluctuations, and excessive rainfall, thereby reducing the vulnerability of floriculture production to climate variability. This paper reviews the role of polyhouse technology in climate risk mitigation for floriculture farmers. It examines how polyhouses help in maintaining optimal growing conditions, including temperature, humidity, and light intensity, throughout the year. By regulating these environmental factors, polyhouses enable year-round cultivation of high-value flower crops, offering farmers a stable income stream despite external climate fluctuations. Furthermore, the study explores the economic and environmental benefits associated with polyhouse-based floriculture systems. It analyses the cost-effectiveness of polyhouse construction and operation, considering factors such as energy consumption, water usage, and crop yield. Additionally, the environmental sustainability of polyhouse technology, including its potential to reduce pesticide and fertilizer usage, is discussed. The paper also highlights the challenges and limitations of adopting polyhouse technology in floriculture farming, including initial investment costs, technical expertise requirements, and market access issues. Strategies for overcoming these barriers, such as government subsidies, capacity building programs, and market linkages, are proposed. The polyhouse technology can play a climate-resilient solution for floriculture farmers, offering opportunities for increased productivity, income stability, and environmental sustainability in the face of climate change.

Sustainability analysis of apple orchards: Integrating environmental and economic perspectives

The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges today, including the protection of biodiversity and the mitigation of environmental impact. Addressing these challenges require ensuring the stability of farmers' income, thus facilitating effective land management.The present study aims to evaluate the environmental and economic sustainability of apple orchards under two distinct systems (integrated versus organic) and a scab-resistant variety. The Life Cycle Assessment method (LCA) was employed to evaluate environmental impact, while financial and economic aspects were analysed using metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C) and Discounted Payback Period (DPP).Results analysis reveals that both inorganic fertilisation and pesticides usage have the greatest impacts in both integrated cultivation and scab-resistant orchards. In organic orchards, diesel usage emerges as a primary factor due to the substitution of chemical interventions with mechanical methods. For the same reason, labour constitutes 45 % of the organic production costs. Despite the lower environmental impact, organic treatments still contribute 22 % of the total production cost. Regarding the investment evaluation, the scab-resistant variety offers marginally lower costs than conventional varieties due to the reduction of required treatments; however, organic farming shows superior economic performance despite higher production costs, mainly attributed to higher market prices. This highlights the influence of market dynamics on business decisions in the apple sector, where farmers often have no direct control.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian performing and creative artists: An interpretive descriptive study using the social-ecological model.

Public health restrictions during the Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Canada have substantially reduced the work and income of performing and creative artists. We aimed to understand how factors at the public policy, community, organizational, interpersonal and individual levels affected Canadian performing and creative artists' health and livelihood during the pandemic. We interviewed 14 creative and performing artists from an academic hospital-based healthcare center in Toronto, Canada. In addition, we conducted secondary data analysis on an existing set of 17 transcribed interviews from a quality improvement study that included relevant information to answer the present study's research question. We applied an interpretive descriptive approach to our qualitative inquiry and used the social-ecological model (SEM) as our analytic framework. We identified factors at all levels of the SEM that tended to synergistically affect the health and livelihood of artists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health restrictions and government financial assistance programs have downstream effects on other levels. During the pandemic, many artists sensed an overwhelming loss of community, financial instability, and limited access to healthcare; which in turn affected their health. For those who accessed financial assistance programs, the stability of income afforded time for rest without the stress of food insecurity or housing instability. Use of the SEM as an analytic framework reflects the multidirectional intricacy and dynamic interplay among factors operating within and across all five levels, bringing to light potential areas of improvement at various levels to strengthen resilience and reduce risk factors associated with artists' health and healthcare access. Findings also accentuated the fragility of precarious work that inundates the performing arts industry, which emphasizes the need for interventions and policies to address this issue. Such interventions might include financial support programs for artists, access to affordable healthcare services, and efforts to strengthen social support networks within the arts community.

Identifying the approach to financial sustainability: Navigating the complexities of earning and spending

This study provides insightful information about personal finance by examining the complex relationship between income and spending patterns in various occupations. It reveals strong relationships between income levels and expected results through regression analysis, providing insight into how different occupational groups are impacted by financial well-being. Building on this basis, a thorough one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests show that students, academics, labourers, business owners, and government employees have remarkably different spending preferences. These results highlight the significant impact of occupation-specific variables on financial behaviour, including benefits, income stability, and social expectations. This research provides a path corresponding to specific policy interventions and programs aimed at financial literacy. By promoting economic resilience and well-being across a range of demographic and occupational landscapes, the ultimate objective is to cultivate a future in which responsible spending practices are shared realities rather than just ideals.